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Indian Institute of Spices Research Calicut
Indian Institute of Spices Research Calicut
Recommended technologies for commercial production of spices
M. AnandarajDirector
Indian Institute of Spices ResearchMarikunnu P), Kozhikode, KeralaEmail: [email protected]
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Turmeric Varieties
Curcumin - 6.5%Oleoresin - 15.0%, Essential oil - 6.5%
Dry recovery - 19.5%
Curcumin - 6.2% Oleoresin - 16.2% Essential oil - 6.2%
Dry recovery - 18.5%
Yield capacity : 37.47 t/ha fresh
(Dry turmeric 7.23 tons/ha)
Yield capacity : 39.12 t/ha fresh
(Dry turmeric 7.23 tons/ha )
A high yielding and good quality variety with reddish yellow coloured rhizome. A high quality and value added variety
IISR Prabha IISR Prathibha
Turmeric Varieties
IISR Alleppey Supreme IISR Kedaram
Tolerant to leaf blotch disease, suitable for growing throughout India, especially recommended for cultivation in kerala, Maharashtra, Karnataka, N.Bengal
Curcumin - 5.55% Oleoresin - 13.0%
Dry Recovery - 19.0% Essential Oil - 2.7%
Curcumin - 5.7% Oleoresin - 14%
Dry recovery - 18.9% Essential oil - 3%
Yield capacity : 35.4 t/ha fresh
(Dry turmeric 6.72 tons/ha )
Yield capacity : 34.5 t/ha fresh
(Dry turmeric 6.52 tons/ha)
YEAR OF RELEASE : 1991
PEDIGREE: Selection from germplasm
AVERAGE YIELD : 28.8 t/ha (fresh wt.)
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Curcumin (%) : 7.9
Oleoresin (%) : 15.0
Essential oil (%) : 7.0
Suguna
YEAR OF RELEASE : 1991
PEDIGREE: Selection from germplasm
AVERAGE YIELD : 29.3 t/ha (fresh wt.)
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Curcumin (%) : 4.9
Oleoresin (%) : 13.5
Essential oil (%) : 7.0
Sudarshana
Suvarna
YEAR OF RELEASE: 1987
PEDIGRE: Selection from the germplasm
AVERAGE YIELD : 17.4 t/ha (fresh wt.)
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Curcumin (%) : 4.0
Oleoresin (%) : 13.5
Essential oil (%) : 7.0
Ginger Varieties
Good quality, high yielding variety & less prone to storage
insect damage, suited for ginger candy production
High yield, resistance to nematodes & low fiber
Plumpy & bold rhizome with low fiber content
Essential oil : 1.75%Dry recovery : 20.7%
Fibre content : 3.29-4.5 %Oleoresin: 6.73%
Essential oil : 1.72 %Dry recovery : 23 %
Fibre content : 3.26 %Oleoresin: 4.48 %
Essential oil : 2.36%Dry recovery : 19%Fibre content : 4 %Oleoresin: 6.34%
Yield capacity : 26.6 t/ha (fresh) wt
(Dried ginger 4.68 tons/ha)
Yield capacity : 23.2 t/ha (fresh) wt.
(Dried ginger 5.33 tons/ha )
Yield capacity : 22.4 t/ha (fresh) wt
(Dried ginger 4.65 tons/ha )
IISR Varada IISR Mahima IISR Rejatha
Black Pepper Varieties
Both plains & high ranges under rain fed conditions
Suited to high altitude areas of S. India
Piperine - 3.3%Oleoresin - 10.2%Essential oil - 3.7%Dry recovery - 43%
Piperine - 1.6%Oleoresin - 8.15%Essential oil - 3.1%Dry recovery - 32.5%
Because berries are bold & dry recovery is more it is acceptable to farmers and
Industry
Stable performance over years as compared to Panniyur-1
Yield capacity : 2020 kg/ha (dry) Yield capacity : 2437 kg/ha (dry)
IISR Shakthi
Resistant to Phytophthora foot rot disease
IISR Thevam
Black Pepper Varieties
Rainfed condition, recommended in state of Kerala & other high altitude areas (upto 3000ft MSL) of south India
Piperine - 2.95%Oleoresin - 13.5%
Essential oil - 3.2%Dry recovery - 32.3%
Piperine - 2.2%Oleoresin - 9.65%Essential oil - 3.4%Dry recovery - 32%
High oleoresin content and stable performance
Stable performance over years as compared to Panniyur-1
Yield capacity: 1453 kg/ha (dry) Yield capacity: 2880 kg/ha (dry wt.)
IISR Malabar Excel IISR Girimunda
Panchami Pournami
YEAR OF RELEASE : 1991PEDIGREE : Selection from Aimpiriyan AVERAGE YIELD : 2828 Kg/ha (dry) QUALITY CHARACTERS
Piperine (%) : 4.7Oleoresin (%) : 12.5Essential oil (%) : 3.4
YEAR OF RELEASE : 1991
PEDIGREE : Selection from
germplasm
AVERAGE YIELD : 2333 Kg dry pepper/ha
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Piperine (%) : 4.1
Oleoresin (%) : 13.8
Essential oil (%) : 3.4
Tolerant to root knot nematode
Sreekara
Subhakara
YEAR OF RELEASE : 1990
PEDIGREE : Selection from Karimunda
YIELD : 2677 Kg/ ha (dry)
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Piperine (%) : 5.1
Oleoresin (%) : 13.0
Essential oil (%) : 7.0
•YEAR OF RELEASE : 1990
•PEDIGREE : Selection from Karimunda
•AVERAGE YIELD: 2352 Kg/ha ( dry)
•QUALITY CHARACTERS
Piperine (%) : 3.1
Oleoresin (%) : 12.4
Essential oil (%) : 6.0
Cardamom Varieties
Appangala-1 IISR Avinash IISR Vijetha-1
Highly adaptive & input responsive variety, produces 89% bold capsules (>7.2 mm & above), golden yellow coloured capsules, suitable for planting in all cardamom growing areas of Karnataka., Tolerant to Thrips, shoot/panicle/capsule borer
Suitable for planting in valleys, recommended for rhizome rot infested areas of Karnataka and Wayanad (Kerala) regions. Has extended flowering period, possess dark green capsules, Resistant to rhizome rot & leaf blight.
77% bold (7.2 mm) capsules with good appearance. Resistant to Cardamom Mosaic Virus (katte), and field tolerant to Thrips, shoot/panicle/capsule borer, root rot nematode.
Essential oil - 8.7%, Dry recovery - 22%, α -terpenyl acetate - 37%, 1,8-Cineole - 42%
Essential oil - 6.7%, Dry recovery - 20.8%,α-terpenyl acetate - 34.6%, 1,8-Cineole - 30.4%
Essential oil - 7.9%, Dry recovery - 22%, α-terpenyl acetate - 23.4%, 1,8-Cineole - 44.9%
Yield capacity : 745 kg dry capsules/ha
Yield capacity : 847 kg dry capsules/ha
Yield capacity :979 kg dry capsules/ha
YEAR OF RELEASE : 1999PEDIGREE : Selection from OP of CCS-1 AVERAGE YIELD : 847 Kg dry capsules/ha
QUALITY CHARACTERS Essential oil (%) : 6.7Dry recovery (%) : 20.8a-terpenyl acetate (%): 34.61,8 – Cineole (%) : 30.4
IISR – Suvasini
Nutmeg Variety
Bushy & compact canopy, low incidence of fruit rot.
Nut recovery - 70.0%,
Mace recovery - 35.0% &
Nut oil - 7.14%,
mace oil - 7.13%,
Oleoresin in nut - 2.48% & mace -13.8%, nut butter -30.9%,
Myristicin in nut -12.48%, mace - 20.03%.
Mace : yield @ 8 years is 480 kg mace/ha
Nut : 3125 kg/ha
IISR Viswashree
YEAR OF RELEASE : 1996PEDIGREE : Seedling selection from Srilankan collectionAVERAGE YIELD : 200 Kg dry quills/ha
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Bark oil (%): 2.7 Leaf oil : 2.8
YEAR OF RELEASE : 1996PEDIGREE : Seedling selection from Indian collectionAVERAGE YIELD : 200 Kg dry quills/ha
QUALITY CHARACTERS
Bark oil (%) : 2.7Leaf oil (%) : 3.0
Cinnamon
Gives a multiplication ratio of 1: 60 single node rooted cuttings
About 3.5 lakh rooted cuttings
of improved varieties of black
pepper were produced and distributed by
IISR in the last 5 years
Serpentine method for rapid multiplication of black pepper cuttings
Ideal under-storey crop in
coconut plantations and agro-forestry
systems
Techniques have been standardized to prepare white pepper from red berries and pepper in brine from
tender berries.
Techniques have been standardized to prepare white pepper from red berries and pepper in brine from
tender berries.
For black pepper PGPR consortium
(Talc based )
For black pepper PGPR consortium
(Talc based )For ginger
PGPR formulation (Talc based )
For gingerPGPR formulation
(Talc based )
Seed coating
Micronutrient mix (6 nos) for enhanced growth, yield and quality of Turmeric, Ginger , Black pepper and Cardamom
The patent applications for these products have been submitted NRDC, New Delhi through the ITMU cell of our institute to facilitate licensing and commercialization.
Micronutrient formulations for turmeric(or soils with pH < 7.0 & >7.0)
Micronutrient formulations for ginger (for soils with pH < 7.0 & >7.0)
Micronutrient formulation for cardamom
Micronutrient formulation for Black pepper
In farmers fields, yield increase in ginger ranged from 16-30% and in turmeric it ranged from 18-25%.
Technologies CommercializedBio Control agents
-Pseudomonas fluorescens (IISR-6)
-Trichoderma harzianum (IISR-P26 )
-Pochonia chlamydosporia
Technology sold to - 17 agencies (Trichoderma)
- 6 agencies (Pseudomonas)
Multiplex RT-PCR for the simultaneous detection of both Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Piper yellow mottle virus infecting black pepper developed for effectively certifying black pepper planting materials against viruses.
RT-PCR test for viruses (Cardamom mosaic virus (CdMV) and chlorotic streak by Banana bract mosaic virus (BBrMV)) infecting cardamom
Technology ready for transfer
RT-PCR
Diagnostics
Standardized soil less medium
High multiplication rate
Disease free planting material
High initial establishment
Suitable for long distance transport
Rapid multiplication of disease free planting material in ginger and turmeric
Rapid multiplication of disease free planting material in ginger and turmeric
Disease free planting material
High multiplication ratio
Saving in seed cost
Suitable for long distance transport
11 spice varieties have been
applied for registration as extant
varieties with the PPV & FRA:-
Turmeric- 2 Nos.
Ginger- 2 Nos.
Black pepper- 4 Nos.
Small cardamom-3 Nos.
Registration of plant varieties as extant Registration of plant varieties as extant varietiesvarieties
Non-Exclusive License
Ensure quality seed is available to farmers of
respective areas of varietal adaptability
Through licensing contracts
License agreement for commercialization of IISR varieties of ginger and turmeric is in practice from 2010-11, and is being continued presently.
Highlights of the Highlights of the AgreementAgreement
• License Fees = Rs. 25,000 plus service tax @ 10.3%.• Royalty = 1 % plus service tax @ 10.3% of the sale
proceeds• 3 Year period• 3 field visits by the licensor• IISR Logo, ICAR logo and Variety Denomination to be
used
Licensing ContractLicensing Contract
Non-exclusive license agreements in turmeric and ginger varieties, IISR Prathibha and IISR Varada with National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation (NHRDF), with Katra Phyto Chem. Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore for IISR Prathibha and with Mr. Tom C Antony, Cheripurathu Nursery, Kottayam for nutmeg variety IISR Viswashree
