INDIAN JOURNAL OF FERTILISERS APRIL 2006 Indian Journal of Fertilisers, V ol. 2 (1), April 2006, pp. 37-43 (7 p ages) 37 T HE FERTILISERS ARE KINGPIN OF THE green revolution and the best hope for meeting the food challenge of the future. With the current grain production which is standing at about 200 million tonnes, India needs to produce an additional 5-6 million tonnes of foodgrains annually in the next decade to meet the requirement of an estimated population of nearly 1120 million in 2010 A. D. In 1994 the Noble Laureate Norman Borlaug stated that India and China would have been required to put 2-3 times more land under cereal crops to meet the food needs of growing population, if they had not increased the input of fertiliser and continued to use the technology of 1960 high yielding varieties. Fertilisers are also the means of saving land through increase in land productivity. The dramatic increase in fertiliser consumption and increase in agricultural productivity is an index of critical role of fertiliser. However, in recent years, long-term sustainability of agriculture of agricultural productivity and environmental safety of technology based on continuous use of inorganic fertiliser is being question. Some of the concerns relate to indiscriminate and imbalanced use of fertilisers and alarm created by the developed countries, which have suffered from ecological problems of industries and also from indiscriminate, improper and excessive use of fertilisers. RCF in the Service of Farmers A. L. GADKARI Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilisers Ltd. Priyadarshini Eastern Express Highway Sion, Mumbai - 400 082 It is obvious that fertilisers increase yields and sustain soil health, which farmers also know very well. But the question is that are they applying the right quantities of right kind of fertilisers at the right place at right time to ensure maximum profits ? COMPANY PROFILE RCF’S UNIT AT TROMBAY (MUMBAI) IS A sprawling complex having 20 operating plants, out of which two are producing 7.22 lakh tonnes of complex fertilisers Suphala 15:15:15 and Suphala 20:20:0 per annum. It is the first of its kind in the country, producing granulated compound fertilisers containing NPK, the most essential nutrient required by crops. Commissioned in 1985, RCF’s Super Fertiliser Plant at Thal (Alibag-Dist. Raigad) heralded a new era of industrial progress in Maharashtra. This unit, built with state-of-the-art technology is the largest plant in Asia, with a capacity to produce 17.07 lakh mtpa of urea. RCF also has to its credit, successful implementation of new expansion projects and marketing of various fertilisers and industrial chemicals within and outside the country. Agronomical effectiveness of these products was assessed by the India Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, Agricultural Departments of States and Agricultural Universities for suitability to various agro-climatic regions in the country. Ujjwala Urea - RCF’s Ujjwala urea is a inorganic fertiliser produced in a white round prill form, containing 46% nitrogen. It is 100% water soluble and can be used in any type of soils or crops. It can be applied through sowing as well as by spraying. Suphala 15:15:15 - Suphala 15:15:15 is a complex, granular natural coloured fertiliser, produced by RCF at its Trombay plant. It contains major plant nutrients, 15% each of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash. 1000 metric tonnes of Suphala 15:15:15 is produced per day at the Trombay plant. Shphala 15:15:15 is widely used in the cultivation of sugarcane, cotton, rice, fruit crops, potato, tea , coffee, etc. Suphala 20:20:0 – RCF’s Suphala 20:20:0 is a complex, prilled grey colour fertiliser, produced at its plant at Trombay. This chemical fertiliser contains 20% nitrogen and 20% phosphorus. 1200 metric tonnes of Suphala 20:20:0 is produced per day. It is widely used in the cultivation of cereals, cash crops, oilseeds, pulses as well as vegetables, fruit crops, potato, etc. Microla - RCF’s new product “Microla” is a 100% water soluble fertiliser, in liquid form, containing six vital micronutrients that enhance the quality of the crop. Microla contains zinc, iron, copper, boron, molybdenum and manganese. It increases Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilisers Ltd., a Government of India Undertaking, registered under the Companies Act 1956 was formed in 1978 after reorganisation of the erstwhile Fertiliser Corporation of India. The company is engaged in production and marketing of inorganic fertilisers and industrial chemicals with its manufacturing units at Trombay and Thal and marketing offices in most of the states. During last two decades the company with sustained expansion, diversification and modernisation programmes, has come a long way and is now recognised as a leader in the fertiliser industry in the country. Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilisers Limited, is one of the largest fertiliser producing, Public Sector Companies in India. Credited with “Mini Ratna” status by Government of India, it is committed to produce and market fertilisers of excellent quality using eco- friendly technology and bringing up rural transformation.
Transcript
INDIAN JOURNAL OF FERTILISERS APRIL 2006
Indian Journal of Fertilisers, Vol. 2 (1), April 2006, pp. 37-43 (7 pages)
37
T HE FERTILISERS ARE KINGPIN OF THE
green revolution and the best hopefor meeting the food challenge of thefuture. With the current grain productionwhich is standing at about 200 milliontonnes, India needs to produce anadditional 5-6 million tonnes offoodgrains annually in the next decade tomeet the requirement of an estimatedpopulation of nearly 1120 million in 2010A. D. In 1994 the Noble LaureateNorman Borlaug stated that India andChina would have been required to put2-3 times more land under cereal cropsto meet the food needs of growingpopulation, if they had not increasedthe input of fertiliser and continued touse the technology of 1960 highyielding varieties. Fertilisers are also themeans of saving land through increasein land productivity. The dramaticincrease in fertiliser consumption andincrease in agricultural productivity is anindex of critical role of fertiliser. However,in recent years, long-term sustainability ofagriculture of agricultural productivityand environmental safety of technologybased on continuous use of inorganicfertiliser is being question.
Some of the concerns relate toindiscriminate and imbalanced use offertilisers and alarm created by thedeveloped countries, which havesuffered from ecological problems ofindustries and also from indiscriminate,improper and excessive use of fertilisers.
RCF in the Service of Farmers
A. L. GADKARIRashtriya Chemicals and Fertilisers Ltd.
PriyadarshiniEastern Express Highway
Sion, Mumbai - 400 082
It is obvious that fertilisers increaseyields and sustain soil health, whichfarmers also know very well. But thequestion is that are they applying the rightquantities of right kind of fertilisers atthe right place at right time to ensuremaximum profits ?
COMPANY PROFILE
RCF’S UNIT AT TROMBAY (MUMBAI) IS Asprawling complex having 20 operatingplants, out of which two are producing7.22 lakh tonnes of complex fertilisersSuphala 15:15:15 and Suphala 20:20:0 perannum. It is the first of its kind in thecountry, producing granulatedcompound fertilisers containing NPK,the most essential nutrient required bycrops.
Commissioned in 1985, RCF’s SuperFertiliser Plant at Thal (Alibag-Dist.Raigad) heralded a new era of industrialprogress in Maharashtra. This unit, builtwith state-of-the-art technology is thelargest plant in Asia, with a capacity toproduce 17.07 lakh mtpa of urea. RCF alsohas to its credit, successful implementationof new expansion projects and marketingof various fertilisers and industrialchemicals within and outside the country.
Agronomical effectiveness of theseproducts was assessed by the IndiaCouncil of Agricultural Research, NewDelhi, Agricultural Departments ofStates and Agricultural Universities for
suitability to various agro-climatic regionsin the country.
Ujjwala Urea - RCF’s Ujjwala urea is ainorganic fertiliser produced in a whiteround prill form, containing 46%nitrogen. It is 100% water soluble and canbe used in any type of soils or crops. It canbe applied through sowing as well as byspraying.
Suphala 15:15:15 - Suphala 15:15:15 is acomplex, granular natural colouredfertiliser, produced by RCF at its Trombayplant. It contains major plant nutrients,15% each of nitrogen, phosphorus andpotash. 1000 metric tonnes of Suphala15:15:15 is produced per day at theTrombay plant. Shphala 15:15:15 is widelyused in the cultivation of sugarcane,cotton, rice, fruit crops, potato, tea , coffee,etc.
Suphala 20:20:0 – RCF’s Suphala 20:20:0is a complex, prilled grey colour fertiliser,produced at its plant at Trombay. Thischemical fertiliser contains 20% nitrogenand 20% phosphorus. 1200 metric tonnesof Suphala 20:20:0 is produced per day. Itis widely used in the cultivation of cereals,cash crops, oilseeds, pulses as well asvegetables, fruit crops, potato, etc.
Microla - RCF’s new product “Microla” isa 100% water soluble fertiliser, in liquid form,containing six vital micronutrients thatenhance the quality of the crop. Microlacontains zinc, iron, copper, boron,molybdenum and manganese. It increases
Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilisers Ltd., a Government of India Undertaking,registered under the Companies Act 1956 was formed in 1978 afterreorganisation of the erstwhile Fertiliser Corporation of India. The company isengaged in production and marketing of inorganic fertilisers and industrialchemicals with its manufacturing units at Trombay and Thal and marketingoffices in most of the states. During last two decades the company withsustained expansion, diversification and modernisation programmes, hascome a long way and is now recognised as a leader in the fertiliser industry inthe country.
Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilisers Limited, is one of the largest fertiliserproducing, Public Sector Companies in India. Credited with “Mini Ratna”status by Government of India, it is committed to produce and marketfertilisers of excellent quality using eco- friendly technology and bringing up
rural transformation.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF FERTILISERS APRIL 2006
the chlorophyll content of the plant, stopsfruit and flower drop and increases yield.It is useful in cultivation of fruit trees,vegetable crops, cotton, grapes, cereals,pulses, oilseeds etc. It can be appliedthrough foliar spray or drip irrigation.
Biola - RCF’s biofertiliser Biola containphosphate solubilising bacteria whichmakes unavailable phosphorous availableto the crops. It also helps to multiply thebacteria in the soil which helps to maintainthe texture and structure of the soilresulting into healthy and disease-freecrop growth. Application of Biola helpsto increase yield in crops by 10 to 20%. Itis useful for almost all crops like cereals,oilseeds, vegetables, fruit crops,sugarcane, flowering plants, etc.
Sujala ( 19:19:19 ) – RCF’s Sujala 19:19:19is a 100% water soluble fertiliser producedby RCF, which contains major plantnutrients N, P and K and it is extremelyuseful for different crops cultivated ingreen houses. Application of Sujala ingreen houses enhances yield. Sujala canbe applied by both foliar as well as throughdrip irrigation system. Sujala is free fromchlorine and sodium and hence it doesnot harm the foliage of the crop. It alsomaintains the pH of the soil since it is acidicin nature.
The information regarding fertiliserproducts and other agri-inputsmanufactured/imported/sold and volumeof sales is given in Tables 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
During 2004-05, all time high export isrecorded for the company i.e.12900 mt. Forthe first time we have executed the exportof imported and traded products in additionto our indigenous products. The product-wise break up is given in Table 5.
THRUST AREA OF THEPROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES
SINCE INCEPTION, RCF IS IMPLEMENTING
various fertilisers promotional and farmerseducation programmes in all the marketingstates. The need of the hour is to educatethe farmers for balanced use of fertiliserswith proper combination of micronutrientand organic manure in an integrated plantnutrient approach, considering thesituation of the soil, water and overall
Table 1 - Major products and products sale
Products produced (mt) Products sale (mt)Year NPK NPK DAP NPK NPK MOP Suphala Suphala Suphala Suphala 15:15:15 20:20:0 15:15:15 20:20:0
environment. The improved package ofpractices, adoption of advanced scientifictechnique in crop cultivation play vital rolein crop production. Taking intoconsideration the facts, RCF hasconcentrated on the following majorpromotional activities to increase fertiliserconsumption and socio-economiccondition of farmers.
Major Promotional Activities
Soil Testing Services
To conduct free soil testing services, RCFhas established six soil testing staticlaboratories and five mobile soil testinglaboratories which are in operation inprimary marketing states. With the help ofthese laboratories, RCF is analysing 50,000soil samples every year for balanced useof fertilisers to sustain crop productivityand maintain soil health. These laboratoriesare situated in Maharashtra, Karnatakaand Andhra Pradesh. Since 1969, 17,73,997soil samples have been analyzed fromthese laboratories and recommendationshave been given for balanced use offertilisers.
Farmers Training Programme
To educate the farming community onimproved method of cultivation and tohelp them in getting bumper harvestsand returns, RCF has established twoFarmers’ Training Institutes : one is atNagpur and second is at Thal, Alibag,Dist. Raigad involving experiencedagricultural experts, specialists, scientists
in all activities for transferring righttechnology from lab to land. Every yearRCF is providing training to 1200farmers. RCF is organising 40 trainingprogrammes of three to four days inthese institutes. So far 12,285 farmershave participated in the trainingprogrammes.
With the help of Dr. D.G. Hapse,Sugarcane specialist, DyansheelFoundation, Pune, ninety five trainingprogrammes during the year 2002-03 wereorganised in sugar factory areas for theprogressive farmers. Dr Hapse hasdelivered lectures in detailed onimproved package of practices onsugarcane crop (Table 6).
Table 5 - Product-wise break up of export MOP Ammonium sulphate Suphala Total 15:15:15Quantity in mts 5895 6759 240 12894Amount in US $ in lakhs 10.22 9.39 0.49 20.08Net profit in Rs. lakhs 48.16 16.00 1.92 66.08
Export of Suphala complex fertilisersYear Suphala:15:15:15 Suphala 20:20:0
2004-05 140.000 0
2005-06 200.000 2390.000
Mobile soil testing van
Farmers training programme
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Crop Demonstration
Besides above major promotionalactivities, RCF is organising cropdemonstrations on major crop in two plotsystem where fertiliser consumption islow and block demonstration withparticipation of 5 to 20 farmers.
Crash Programme/Joint Venture
These programmes are being carried outduring the commencement of season onmajor crops in fertiliser potential areas. Itcovers film shows, distribution ofliterature, pasting of posters and stickers,farmers meeting, painting of productslogan on wall of enroute houses ofcovered villages. The duration of suchprogramme is being 7 to 15 days with thehelp of field staff and agril. deptt. Servicesof soil testing van have been sought. Thewide publicity through news paper andbroadcasting media is being given to thisprogramme. This activity is being organisedwith the cooperation of govt. agency orby way of participating in theirprogrammes.
Printing of Farmers’ Bulletin
RCF is publishing monthly magazine of16 pages of Trombay Sheti Patrika since
last 36 years and as on date 16 pages issuecirculating to 1,10,000 farmers, dealers,sugar factory members, govt. officials etc.,and which includes articles on differentcrops, animal care, dairy, poultry likesubsidiary occupations from experts in theparticular field. Every month we arereceiving 70-80 letters from farmers and weare sending replies on different type ofqueries.
Other Promotional Activities
Krishi mela/crop seminar, fert./soil testing
days (krishi jagran), farmers/agril.extension staff meeting, dealers’ trainingprogramme are the other agricultureextension and fertiliser promotionalactivities under regular fertiliserpromotional and farmers educationalprogramme. RCF is implementing theseprogrammes where demonstrations areorganised with the help of agricultureexperts.
Dealers’/farmers’ visit to agril.universities/research station and ourfactories at Trombay and Thal, agril.exhibition at block/district, fair/yatra andrural sports at key village/block leveljointly with educational institute/sportsorganisation for encouraging youngergeneration are also included in ourregular fertiliser promotional programme.
Film shows to educate farmingcommunity for improved package ofpractices, printing and distribution ofliterature are also part and parcel of ourfarmers’ education programme.
Promotional activities undertaken by thecompany are given in Table 7.
Tribal District Adoption Project
Under this programme, RCF has selectedtwo districts i.e. Gadchiroli inMaharashtra and Sarguja in MadhyaPradesh which had lower nutrientconsumption and had better potential fordevelopment is formed for providingnecessary extension services foreducating the farmers. Total 20 villages
Table 6 - Farmers’ training programme through agricultural universitiesFTI (Nagpur) & FTC (Thal)
Sl. No. Training institute/ Year No.of training No.of Remarks centre programmes farmers trained1. Agril. universities
a) M.P.K.V. Rahuri 1985-86 2 97 RCF has organised (Farm labourers men / first farm labourers/ women training pro.) farm women & farm
labourers familytraining programmein the stateMaharashtra.
b) K.K.V. Dapoli 1985-86 1 72 (Farm women training programme)c) M.K.V. Parbhani 1985-86 1 38 (Farm labourers training programme)d) Dr. P.K.V. Akola 1985-86 1 26 (Farm family training pro.) (13 family)
2. Farmers’ Training Institute 1989-2005 236 7725Nagpur
3. Farmers’ Training Centre 1998-2005 121 4560Thal Total 357 12285
Training on integrated pests management
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covered from each district under thisprogramme. Activities like demonstration,soil testing, training and visit etc., havebeen undertaken.
Rural Development Programme
50th Anniversary of India’s independencecelebration programme
In the context of Golden Jubilee years of
India’s Independence programme, RCFhas initiated various rural upliftmentschemes in three states, viz., Maharashtra,Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Theseschemes are taken up in adivasi, backwardand rural areas for their educational, social,agricultural, health and economicaldevelopment. The first phase commencedon 14/8/97 and ended on 14/8/98 whereas
second phase was from 15/8/98 to 31/3/99.RCF had earmarked an amount of Rs. 50.00lakhs as a special fund towards thisdevelopment work (Table 8 ).
Integrated rural developmentprogramme
Since inception, RCF has been giving inaddition to marketing of fertilisers,
Table 7 - Consolidated progress report of fertiliser promotional activities carried out during April 1978 to March 2005
Table 8 - 50th Anniversary of India’s independence programmeSpecial rural upliftment schemes implemented for SC/ST community during the period for 14th August,1997 to 31st March,1999
(Rs.in lakhs)Sr.No. Schemes Phase- I, 14/8/97 to 14/8/98 Phase-II, 15/8/98 to 31/3/99
5. Operation of farmers 26 13 2.60 1.247 24 9 2.40 0.73service centres by SC/ST youth
6. Save grain campaign 320 492 1.60 1.55 180 228 0.90 0.907. Medical camps for rural 34 35 3.40 3.48 16 16 1.60 1.62
women/children8. Veterinary camps for livestocks 34 34 1.70 1.682 16 16 0.80 0.859. Setting up of a gymnasium 16 14 4.00 2.50 9 6 2.25 1.45
for rural youth10. Setting of science lab/library 7 6 3.50 2.992 3 3 1.50 1.49
at rural schools11. Special sports coaching camps 5 4 1.50 1.23 5 5 1.50 1.50
for rural boys & girlsTotal (in Rs.) 29.85 23.863 Total 15.65 11.805
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emphasis on implementation of socio-economic development programmesdirected towards the welfare of farmingcommunity and weaker sections of ruralIndia. The agriculture prosperity isinvariably related with the over alleconomic and social development in ruralareas and is aimed at improving the qualityof rural life. Keeping this in view, RCForiented its approach towards the ruralmasses by formulating an integrated ruraldevelopment programme along withagriculture and social developmentactivities.
(a) To bring about general increase inagricultural production by adopting newagricultural techniques and inputs andthereby raise the income of farmingcommunity.
(b) To realise all-round development ofvarious aspects of rural life.
These programmes are spread over aperiod of two years i.e. 1st and 2ndphase and the budget provision is to thetune of Rs. 1.25 lakhs and Rs. 1.15 lakhsrespectively (phasewise). Every yearunder this programme RCF is adopting 12to 15 villages.
With these objectives, the programmeslike basic community needdevelopment, agricultural development,subsidiary occupation, public healthand village sanitation, youth and women
skill development, adult education,social and cultural developmentprogrammes are covered under this project.(Table 9).
Devdasis’ rehabilitation programme
Under RCF’s rural developmentprogramme, Devdasis’ rehabilitationcentres are established by RCF at Jath inSangli and Gadhinglaj in Kolhapur districtswith a view to train the devdasis to enablethem to earn and survive with a respectablelife in the society. They have manufacturedand marketed woollen garments and silkyarn. RCF purchased the sweaters for anamount of Rs. 13 lakhs from these centres.
Farm men and women labourerstraining programme
This programme has been started incollaboration with agricultural universitiesfrom 1985 with the following objectives–
♦ To increase the skill and efficiency offarm labourers.
♦ To improve techniques in farmoperation which directly help inincreasing the food production.
♦ To give recognition to farm labourersand skilled persons to earn moreremuneration.
Considering the above objectives, RCFhas established well equipped farmerstraining institutes in the state ofMaharashtra, i.e., at Nagpur in 1989 and atThal (dist. Raigad) in 1998.
Nearly 800 to 900 farmers are trainedannually small/marginal/SC/ST categories.Each programme covers 30 farmers. So far150 such training programmes wereorganized and 4675 men and womenlabourers were trained at the above saidinstitutions.
Oilseeds, pulses and sericulture (1988-91)
RCF – BARC joint seed multiplicationprogramme – High yielding and shrotduration varieties of oilseeds, pulsesevolved by BARC and mulberry were
Table 9 - Expenditure under integrated rural development programme
Sr.no. Year No. of states No. of villages Budget Rs. lakhs Expenditure Rs. lakhs
1. 1997-98 6 15 13.75 6.77
2. 1998-99 8 16 13.05 6.75
3. 1999-2000 8 13 12.95 10.65
4. 2000-01 9 17 12.95 3.96
5. 2001-02 7 14 19.40 9.37
6. 2002-03 3 6 10.5 4.11
7. 2003-04 2 4 7.00 4.07
8. 2004-05 1 1 1.75 0.72
9. 2005-06 2 2 3.5 1.68 up to Dec. 05
Total 94.85 48.08
Veterinary camp
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multplied on the farms of voluntaryorganisations at Shastabad, Gaudgaonand progressive farmers from our adoptedvillage Wambori in Jalgaon district. Theproduce of good quality of seeds weredistributed among the surrounding villagesas a seed for propagation in next seasonand covered about 800 to 900 hectares ofarea under these new varieties.
Sericulture development programme(1990-92)
Sericulture is employment orientedprogramme at farm as well as at the placesof processing. Considering the need ofrural areas, RCF implemented theambitious programme of sericulturedevelopment with the cooperation ofK.S.R.D.D.K., Motegaon dist. Washim inthe state of Maharashtra. In thisconnection, RCF organiseddemonstrations on 240 acres of land andmore than 400 small and marginal farmersof the RCF’s adopted village Karda. Duringthe programme, 100 farm women wereimparted training in silk realing.
Model rural development programme(1983-1989)
This programme was initiated in 1983 inthe state of Maharashtra particularly indrought prone and tribal areas. Theobjective was to transform moderntechniques in agriculture for increasingcrop production and to develop socio-
welfare activities. So far 11 villages havebeen developed.
The major achievements are as follows:
(a) 25 to 30% increase in fertiliser use.
(b) 50 to 60% increase in crop yield.
(c) 20 to 25% increase in social forestryand fruit plantation area.
(d) Biogas plants were installed incollaboration with Zilla Parishad.
(e) Constructed community centres – onecentre in each village is being utilisedfor educational facilities and socialfunctions.
(f) Two project villages viz. Mukhed(Nasik) and Tawalai (Dhule) were evaluatedby Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth,Rahuri and the report was excellent.
RCF has adopted number of villagesunder the various rural developmentprogrammes in the states of Maharashtra,Andhra Pradesha, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan,Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
No.of villages(a) Model rural - 1982-88 - 11
developmentprogrammes(emphasis on agriculture)
(b) 20 point - 1986-88 - 84programme(Emphasis onrainfed agri.&social forestry)
Construction of Suphala Setu andUjjwala Setu two foot over bridge atPandharpur – Pandharpur is a holy placein Solapur district of Maharashtra wherelakhs of devotees visit every year fromfarming community, majority of them areST/SC, BPL of Maharashtra, Karnataka andAndhra Pradesh. Hence as a socialobligation and considering the demand ofdevotees, RCF has constructed a foot overbridge at Pandharpur. It is proposed toconstruct second bridge as Ujjwala Setuduring year 2003-04 and total expenditurewill be Rs 23.00 lakhs.
Rain Water Harvesting
Since day-by-day and year-by-year themonsoon is on decline and uneven, andthe farmers are facing the acute watershortage, the farmers especially who arehaving small and marginal land holdingwho have been cultivating differentrainfed crops are suffering a lot. Andhence, its high time to think aboutimplementing the rain water in the bestpossible way. Rashtriya Chemicals andFertilisers has already started educatingthe farmers about rain water harvestingthrough its training centres. The conceptof Vanrai Bandhara and well rechargingare not only being disseminated to thefarming community but also the emptybags which are required to construct theVanrai Bandharas are being supplied byRCF.
All the four Agricultural Universitiesas well as the Agricultural Departmentof the Maharashtra state have beensupplied with the empty bags forconstructing the Vanrai Bandharas. TheSuperintendent Agricultural Officers ofthe state Agriculture Department havealready constructed the VanraiBandharas in their respectivejurisdiction.
