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:3. Promotion to the rank of major and.lieutenant-colonelto fill the establishments laid down from time to time forthose ranks, shall be made by selection of the Army Council,provided the officer has previously qualified for promotionto those ranks in such manner as may be prescribed by theArmy Council.

-1. Certain appointments in the rank of lieutenant-coloneland major have been approved to fill the establishment.The remainder of the appointments are in the rank oflieutenant, except in cases where service of three and a halfyears or more has been given as a temporary dental officerwhen the rank of captain will be given. Service as a tem-

porary dental officer will count towards the three and a halfyears for promotion to captain.

5. In accordance with paragraph 5 of Army Order 85 of1919, officers who have received a gratuity for service duringthe war of 19H-19, will be required as a condition of beinggranted a permanent commission to refund the differencebetween the amount they have already received and thatthey would have received under Army Order 85 of 1919 aspermanent officers of the Regular Forces, if they are

appointed to a permanent regular commission within sixmonths of relinquishment of their temporary commissionor demobilisation.

Pay.,

The following are the rates for officers of the Army DentalCorps :-

Per diem.2 s. d.

Lieutenant .......... 1 0 0Captain .......... 1 5 0

Captain after 6 years’ total service 166 6 679 10 " " 1 1 8 6 Major ............ 1 13 0Major, after 15 years’ total service.... 1 18 0Lieut.-Colonel .......... 2 7 6

Lieut.-Colonel {after 20 years’ total service :: 2 10 0" 2: 99 " .. 2 12 6

Alllowances.

The allowances for officers of the Army Dental Corpsare at the same rates as for officers of the R.A.M.C.

Retirement and Retired Payor Gratuity.

(1) The rates of retired pay will be the same as for officersof the Royal Army Medical Corps.

(2) Voluntary retirement on retired pay will not be alloweduntil after twenty years’ service.

(K) Earlier retirement on gratuity may be allowed :—

After 8 years’ service in the Corps, gratuity of 21000.15 ., ’-, ., "

’

.81800.is " " 2500.

(4) Retirement will be compulsory at the age of 55 years.(5) A lieutenant who does not qualify for promotion 1

within three and a half years’ service in the Corps will beretired ; and a captain who fails to qualify for promotion 11to major within twelve years’ service in the Corps will be Iretired on any gratuity for which he may be eligible under ]paragraph 3. 1

Other ranks.

The rates of pay of warrant officers, non-commisionedofficers and men are those provided in the warrant ofSept. 13th, 1919, vide Army Order 324 of 1919.The aim of the Corps is the prevention of wastage

of man power on account of dental disease or dentaldeficiency, and, to enable this to be carried out, everyrecruit is inspected by a dental officer immediatelyafter joining and all necessary treatment carried out.The soldier will be re-inspected at least once a yearand his dental efficiency maintained at the beststandard possible. As recruits are not now enlistedunless they have sufficient natural teeth to enable themto masticate efficiently it is hoped that the conserva-tive nature of the treatment they will receive willreduce considerably the percentage of artificialdentures required.The " other ranks " of the Corps eonsist of dental

mechanics and clerk orderlies. Training of dentalmechanics has been proceeding for some time at theCentral Dental Laboratory, Aldershot, and it is notproposed to open recruiting at present for this section.A limited number of clerk-orderlies is now beingenlisted, and these men receive their training at theRoyal Army Medical Corps Depot. :

INDIAN MEDICAL SERVICE.

THE Indian Medical Service differs from all the otherState Services in that it combines the opportunities of amilitary and a civil career. It is primarily a militaryservice, and all officers on first landing in India aredetailed for service with Indian troops in Indianmilitary station hospitals. After a period of militaryduty, which before the war varied from four to eightyears, the majority of officers chose and were

transferred to the civil side. While in civil employthey constitute the war reserve for the IndianArmy. During the late war practically all officersnot occupying administrative posts or fillingessential civil duties were called up for militaryservice.The possibilities of medical and surgical work and

the opportunities for research in all directions whichthe Service affords have always proved of greatattraction, though in recent years the Service has lostits former popularity in the medical schools, and forsome time prior to the war competition among highlyqualified European candidates was not keen. Underthe changed conditions in India the pay and emolu-ments were insufficient, and the terms of service wereout of date. The pay, leave pay, pensions, and leavereserve have been increased recently, the StationHospital system has been introduced, and commandallowances and second in command allowances havebeen granted for charge of hospitals. These reformshave altered the outlook, and if they had been accom-panied with a general change in the position of theBritish official in India, it would have been easy tosay that young medical practitioners could join theI.M.S., secure of a competency from the day theyreceive their commissions ; but it is idle to conceal thefact that the officers of the I.M.S. may suffer, as allthe other British officials in India are suffering, fromthe mutability of the conditions of life. The I.M.S. isbound to be affected as a career by the alteredposition of the district civil surgeon who used toenjoy private practice, with all its advantages.material and scientific, and who is now more confinedto official work and less able to specialise in anyline of medicine or surgery. The large and risingpercentage of native officers in the Serviceof course affects the British competitor forcommissions.

J-nese tilings shoulcl oe recognised as existent.though they do not alter the fact that in the Servicea great career is open to one with the properties andkeenness. Whatever may be the outlook in civilpractice, the science of preventive medicine, medicalresearch, and medical education must remain for aconsiderable period in the hands of the European, andwe should be surprised to learn that any mass ofeducated native opinion thinks differently. Here,then, are three important fields of work open to theofficer of the J.:M.S., and if only on their account thecareer offered by the Service remains a large,interesting and important one.

During the first few years the young officeris trained in Indian military medical organisation.He acquires experience in dealing with the differentraces and castes which comprise the Indian Army.He learns the language and customs of the country.He familiarises himself with the practice of tropicalmedicine and surgery, and has leisure to pursue hisfurther studies with time for recreation and sport inany direction his inclination may dictate. Duringthese years he can make up his mind as to any specialbranch of study, and whether he is desirous of

remaining in military employ throughout his service.Specialist appointments are available on both themilitary and civil sides.On the civil side, and the majority of officers are

civil surgeons in charge of districts and the civildistrict hospitals, the work is heavy and interesting.the bulk of it being surgery. There is no country i’ithe world which offers better opportunity for th0

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young surgeon once he has acquired the confidenceand esteem of the inhabitants. Private practice is

permitted, but it may be stated at once that theemoluments from this source, except in the Presidencyor large towns, are much reduced. Nevertheless,with the pay as it now exists, plus certain minorallowances, the civil surgeon is in a position to livereasonably in his earlier years, and can expect to beselected for the higher professional posts as a rewardof merit, when a lucrative practice may be obtained.I.M.S. officers are eligible for the professor-ships at the Medical Colleges in Calcutta, Bombay,Madras, Lahore, and Lucknow in the various subjectscomprising the medical curriculum. The bacterio-logical, sanitary and chemical examinerships, and thework asylums and jail departments open out careersof a varied and valuable kind for those who wishto devote themselves to scientific research or

specialist work. The bacteriological laboratoriesand Pasteur institutes at Kasauli, Bombay,Coonoor, Shillong, and Rangoon are splendidlyequipped with provision for research workers.In addition to the scales of pay laid down, allow-ances are granted for service in these differentdirections.Under the study-leave rules officers are entitled

during their service to a year’s study-leave in England.This period counts as duty, and is in addition tofurlough. It is granted on the basis of one month’sstudy-leave for each year’s active service up to atotal maximum of 12 months. Most officers take itin two periods of 6 months each, and add it on to theirordinary furlough. During the period of study-leavethey are at liberty to pursue courses of approvedstudy in any country. They receive furlough payplus an additional lodging allowance of 12s. a day.The opportunity thus provided for continuing post-graduate studies for a period of six months twice inhis service is invaluable both to the individual andthe State. -

Accelerated promotion of six months to therank of major is granted to officers for approvedstudy or for obtaining the higher medicalqualifications.As regards leave, the Secretary of State has under-

taken to increase the leave reserve to 25 per cent. andmaintain a 2 t per cent. study-leave reserve in addition.These percentages when worked up to are consideredample. "The Secretary of State has further undertaken that

officers of the I.M.S. on the military side will receivethe same concessions as regards passages as combatantofficers, while officers on the civil side will receive thesame concessions, if any, as may be granted to otherofficers in civil employ.The rates of basic pay and pensions are given

below :- -

NEw RATES OF PAY.

(Given in rupees per mensem.)

S.L.-Selected List.

I Charge allowances and second-in-command allow-ances for station hospitals will be admissible in additionto the above rates of pay at the following rates :-

All existing general allowances paid to holders ofprofessional and bacteriological appointments andcertain other special classes of appointments on thecivil side will be maintained.

Indian officers who have joined or may join theservice after Dec. 1st, 1918, will draw, as from Jan. Ist,1920, pay in accordance with the basic scale, unlessthey are already drawing pay at a higher rate, inwhich case they will continue to enjoy the benefit ofthat rate for so long as they would otherwise havedone ; but they will not receive any further incrementuntil it is due to them under the basic scale.

PENSIONS.

The pension rates as now revised give 2400 a yearafter 17 years’ service, increasing to 2800 after 27years’ service. Formerly the rate was 2300 after 17years’ service, increasing to 2700 after 30 years’service.

Pension Rates.

Additional pensions for administrative officers :-Colonel, after two years’ active service as such.... 125

After four years .......... 25QMajor-General, after one and a half years’ active service as

such .............. 300After three years .......... 350

It is quite impossible to foretell how and to whatextent the civil side of the I.M.S. will be affected by theIndian Reform scheme, the essence of which is theincreasing participation of Indians in the governmentof the country. None the less, we consider it rightto draw the attention of young medical men who areconsidering joining the Indian Medical Service to this.aspect. At the same time we see no reason why theincreased cooperation of Indian and European medicalofficers should not, if a sympathetic attitude isadopted, result in the benefit of both. The number ofIndians in the I.M.S. in the days of the competitiveexamination varied from 8 to 12 per cent. In the two orthree years before the war the percentage of successfulIndian candidates varied from 12 to 30 per cent.At the present time European and Indian candidatesare admitted by nomination in the proportion of 2Europeans to 1 Indian. A strict system of selectionis maintained and permanent commissions are onlygranted to candidates, whether Europeans or Indians,who have been recommended after a personal interviewas suitable and desirable professionally and socially.Practically all the Indian candidates recommendedso far have served in the field with distinction and havebeen recommended by two of their brother officersfor the grant of a permanent commission.A Board of Selection has been appointed in India

for the recruitment of permanent officers for theI.M.S. in the manner indicated, consisting of theDirector-General, I.M.S., the Director of MedicalServices in India, and an Indian Officer, I.M.S. Can-didates who may be summoned by the Board forinterview will, if considered suitable for’appointment,be placed in one of two classes, according as they haveor have not received their medical education chieflyin England. The final recommendations as to theformer will be made by the Selection Board in England,while the recommendations as to the latter will besent direct from India to the Secretary of State, whowill make appointments to fill the vacancies. The

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Selection Committee in England, in addition to con- Isidering applications from India of candidates who have Imainly received their education in England, willreview those of the candidates in the United Kingdom,but not the recommendations of the India Committeein regard to candidates educated in that country.For full particulars intending candidates should

applylto the Secretary, Military Department, IndiaOffice, Whitehall, London, S.W. 1.

WOMEN’S MEDICAL SERVICE FOR INDIA.

THIS service is open to properly qualified medicalwomen of British or Indian nationality who desire tocarry on work in India. Medical women proceedingto India to join the Women’s Medical Service receivea sufficient sum for a first-class passage to India. Onlanding they are posted to one of the larger women’shospitals to gain Indian experience and to learn thelanguage. During this period (from six months to twoyears) private practice is not allowed. For a furtherperiod they are appointed to act temporarily formedical women on furlough, during which timeprivate practice is allowed. They are then definitelyappointed to the charge of hospitals. Private prac-tice is always allowed after the first two years, pro-vided it does not interfere with official duties. Theonly exception is in administrative or educationalposts, when an allowance in lieu of practice is given.The amount obtained from practice varies accordingto the station, but in most cases it forms a fair additionto the salary, varying from J6150 to 21000 a year.

Excellent opportunities for surgery-especiallygynaecological—are found in the Women’s MedicalService. To those who are not keen surgeons oppor-tunities are likely to open in the future in connexionwith maternity and child welfare ; medical womenwith administrative ability are also needed for theinspection of women’s hospitals and other medicalinstitutions.

Rates of pay are as follows :—

The above rates of pay are not so high as those ofthe Indian Medical Service. The fact, however, thatfurnished quarters are provided (these are not providedin the Indian Medical Service) represents an addi-tional Rs.150 per mensem. Moreover, the officialduties of the members of the W.M.S. are lighter thanthose of the I.M.S.The cost of living in India is much higher than

formerly, but it should be possible for a medicalwoman (with house provided) to meet actual householdexpenses for about Rs.200 per mensem, leaving theremainder of her salary for dress and personal expenses.To this must be added the necessary saving to meetadditional expense for furlough and leave spent inthe hills.

One month’s privilege leave on full pay is grantedeach year. Furlough on half-pay at the rate of twomonths for every year of service is granted after everythree years. Study-leave on two-thirds pay is grantedto the extent of 12 months in the total service. Thereis a provident fund to which members of the servicecontribute 10 per cent. of their pay. The servicecontributes another 10 per cent. which accumulates atinterest and is repaid on retirement.Admission to the service is made by selection. Can-

didates in the United Kingdom should apply to theHon. Secretary, United Kingdom Branch of theCountess of Dufferin’s Fund, care of Sir Havelock

Charles, India Office, Whitehall, London.

AIR FORCE MEDICAL SERVICE.

THE Royal Air Force Medical Service offers a

career for medical men which should prove bothattractive and interesting. The rates of pay andallowances are good, and a new field of scientificinterest is opened up by the manifold problems whichthe circumstances of aviation produce. The physicaland mental fitness for, and reaction to, the variedconditions under which the flying personnel performtheir functions provide much scope for research. Aspromotion to the higher ranks of the Service is to beentirely by selection, and as a certain proportion ofthe higher ranks will be reserved for purely scientific,as opposed to administrative, appointments, it will beseen that there are excellent prospects for the youngmedical officer who exhibits ability and energy inscientific research, as well as for those who develop atalent for administration.The establishment will consist partly of permanent

and partly of short-service officers. Short-serviceofficers will be admitted by direct entry for a periodof two years, which may be extended to four yearsat the discretion of the Air Council on recommendationof the Director of Medical Services. Those who arenot selected for permanent commissions will pass intothe Royal Air Force Medical Reserve at the expirationof their period of service on the active list, and willthen receive the gratuity to which their service entitlesthem.

Short-service officers who are approved for per-manent commissions, but for whom there are notvacancies in the Royal Air Force Medical Service,may, under certain conditions, transfer to the RoyalArmy Medical Corps, counting their time served inthe Royal Air Force towards increments of pay andretired pay in the Royal Army Medical Corps.

Officers who have been selected for permanentcommissions will be granted leave for a period notexceeding nine months for post-graduate study ingeneral medicine and surgery, tropical and preventivemedicine, and other special subjects. Such leavewill be granted during the first six years of permanentservice, and during such leave officers will remain onfull pay and allowances.New entrants into the Royal Air Force Medical

Service will be commissioned as Flying Officers(Medical) and will be eligible for promotion to therank of Flight Lieutenant (Medical) after two years’service. Officers selected for permanent commissionswill be promoted to the rank of Squadron Leaderafter 10 years’ total service. Accelerated promotionmay be carried out, in a limited number of cases,of officers who show exceptional ability after the com-pletion of eight years’ service. Promotion to therank of Wing Commander will be by selection at anyperiod after 16 years’ total service, and to that ofGroup Captain by selection at any period after22 years’ service.

There will be no competitive examination on entry;candidates must be under 28 years of age, be nominatedby the Dean of a recognised medical school or teachinghospital, and will be interviewed personally by theDirector of Medical Services, Royal Air Force, beforeacceptance. Each candidate must produce-

1. Birth certificate.2. Medical registration certificate.3. A declaration containing the following informa-

tion :-

(a) Age and place of birth.(b) That he is of pure European descent, and the son of

a subject of the British Empire.(c) That he labours under no constitutional or mental

disease or disability which may interfere with the efficientdischarge of the duties of a medical officer in any climatein peace or war. (All candidates will be required to pass amedical examination as to their physical fitness beforeacceptance to ensure that they fulfil the standard laid downin this declaration.)

(d) That he is ready to engage for general service at homeor abroad as required.

(e) The qualifications he is possessed of, and what medicalor other appointments he has held (if any).