WHAT IS NATIONALISM ?

Early influences

Revolutionary nationalist movements

The Coming of Gandhi

NCM NORTH EASTERN SIDE OF COUNTRY

TRIBAL PEASENTS WERE THE PARTICIPANTS IN NORTH EASTERN SIDE OF TRIBAL PEASENTS WERE THE PARTICIPANTS IN NORTH EASTERN SIDE OF COUNTRY.COUNTRY.•PARTICIPANTSTRIBAL PEASENTS OF GUDDEM HILLS OF ANDHRA PRADESH

REASONSLARGE FOREST AREAS,PREVENTING PEOPLE FROM ENTERING THE FORESTS TO GRAZE THEIR CATTLE.PREVENTING FROM COLLECTING OF FUELWOODS AND FRUITS &THEY LOST THEIR LIVELIHOODS.THEIR TRADITIONAL RIGHTS WERE DENIED.

AIMS & DEMANDSTHEY WANTED THE CATTLE TO ENTER IN THE FORESTS FOR GRAZING.THEY WANTED THE ALLOWANCE FOR COLLECTING FUELWOODS AND FRUITS FOR THEIR LIVELIHOOD.THEY WANTED THEIR TRADITIONAL RIGHTS SHOULD NOT BE DENIED.

MODE OF ACTIONTHE GUDDEM REBELS ATTACKED POLICE STATIONS ATTEMPT TO KILL BRITSH OFFICIALSGURRILA WAR FARE FOR ACCHEIVING SWARAJ WAY CARRRIED ON

• The flag adopted in 1931 by the Congress and used by the Provisional Government of Free India during the Second World War.

• In the Indian rebellion of 1857, Indian soldiers and regional kings fought the forces allied with the British Empire in different parts of India. This event laid the foundation not only for a nationwide expression, but also future nationalism and conflict on religious and ethnic terms[4].

• The Indian desire for complete freedom, or Swaraj, was born with Bal Gangadhar Tilak, whose followers were the first to express the desire for complete independence, an idea that did not catch on until after World War I. When the Amritsar Massacre of hundreds of unarmed and innocent civilians by British forces took place in the same year, the Indian public was outraged and most of India's political leaders turned against the British.

PARTICIPANTS•THE TEA PLANTERS OF ASSAM

REASONS AND AIMS•THE PLANTATION WORKERS OF ASSAM WERE NOT ALLOWED TO LEAVE THE GARDNERS WITHOUT PERMISSION,AND INFACT THEY WERE RARELY GIVEN SUCH PERMISSION AND ALL THIS WAS UNDER THE INLAND IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1859•AND,THE ACT NOT ALLOWED THE WORKERS TO RETAIN THE LINK WITH THE VILLAGES FROM WHICH THEY HAD COME.

AIMS & DEMANDS •FOR PLANTATION WORKERS IN ASSAM FREEDOM MEAN THE RIGT TO MOVE FREELY •RETAINING LINK WITH THE VILLAGE FROM WHICH THEY HAD COME

MODE OF ACTION•LISTENING ABOUT THE NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT THOUSAND OF WORKERS DEFIED THE AUTHORITY•LEFT THE PLANTATION S AND HEADED HOME .

RESULT •ACCORDING TO THE PLANTERS THINKING ,THEY THOUGT THAT GANDHI RAJ WILL GIVE THE LANDS IN THEIR OWN VILLAGES,BUT THEY NEVER REACHEDTHEIR DESTINATION AS STANDARD ON THE WAY BY A RAILWAY AND STEAMER STRIKE,THEY WERE CAUGHT BY THE POLICE AND BRUATALLY BEATEN UP AND HENCE THE MOVEMENT ALSO SLOWER DOWN

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBIDIENCE MOVEMENT

• CALLING OFF NCM• IN FEB 1922 ,MAHATMA GANDHI DECIDED TO WITHDRAW NCM.• 1.HE FELT THAT THE MOVEMENT WAS TURNING VIOLENT IN ,MANY PLACES ANMD SATYAGRAHIS NEEDED TO

PROPERLY TRAINED BEFORE THEY WOULD BE READY FOR MASS STRUGGLES .• FOR.EG. THE CHURI CHURA INCIDENT IN GORAKHPUR ,A PECEFUL DEMONSTRATION IN A BAZAR TURNED

INTO A VIOLENT CLASH WITH THE POLICE.HEARING OF THE INCIDENT ,MAHATMA GANDHI CALLED A HALT TO THE NCM.

• SWARAJ PARTY• C.R DAS AND MOTILAL NEHRU FORMED THE SWARAJ PARTY,TO OPPOSE THE BRTISH POLICIES FROM WITHIN

THE COUNCILS.

• SIMON COMMISION• SIMON COMMISION WAS A STATUTORY COMMISION FORMED BY THE NEW TORY GOVERNMENT 1927 UNDER

SIR JOHN SIMON,SETUP IN RESPONSE TO THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT.

• REASONS FOR SENDING COMMISION• THE COMMISION WAS TO LOOK INTO FUNCTIONING OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM IN INDIA.• AND SUGGEST CHANGES

• REASONS FOR BOYCOTT OF COMMISION• THE PROBLEM WAS THAT THE COMMISION DID NOT HAVE A SINGLE INDIAN MEMBER.THEY WERE ALL

BRITISH.

• BOYCOTT OF COMMISION• WHEN THE SIMON COMMISION ARRIVED IN INDIA IN 1928,IT WAS GREETED WITH THE SLOGAN’GO BACK

SIMON’.ALL PARTIES INCLUDING THE CONGRESS AND THE MUSLIM LEAGUE, PARTICIPATED IN THE DEMONSTRATIONS.

• CALLING OFF NCM• IN FEB 1922 ,MAHATMA GANDHI DECIDED TO WITHDRAW NCM.• 1.HE FELT THAT THE MOVEMENT WAS TURNING VIOLENT IN ,MANY PLACES ANMD SATYAGRAHIS NEEDED TO

PROPERLY TRAINED BEFORE THEY WOULD BE READY FOR MASS STRUGGLES .• FOR.EG. THE CHURI CHURA INCIDENT IN GORAKHPUR ,A PECEFUL DEMONSTRATION IN A BAZAR TURNED

INTO A VIOLENT CLASH WITH THE POLICE.HEARING OF THE INCIDENT ,MAHATMA GANDHI CALLED A HALT TO THE NCM.

• SWARAJ PARTY• C.R DAS AND MOTILAL NEHRU FORMED THE SWARAJ PARTY,TO OPPOSE THE BRTISH POLICIES FROM WITHIN

THE COUNCILS.

• SIMON COMMISION• SIMON COMMISION WAS A STATUTORY COMMISION FORMED BY THE NEW TORY GOVERNMENT 1927 UNDER

SIR JOHN SIMON,SETUP IN RESPONSE TO THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT.

• REASONS FOR SENDING COMMISION• THE COMMISION WAS TO LOOK INTO FUNCTIONING OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM IN INDIA.• AND SUGGEST CHANGES

• REASONS FOR BOYCOTT OF COMMISION• THE PROBLEM WAS THAT THE COMMISION DID NOT HAVE A SINGLE INDIAN MEMBER.THEY WERE ALL

BRITISH.

• BOYCOTT OF COMMISION• WHEN THE SIMON COMMISION ARRIVED IN INDIA IN 1928,IT WAS GREETED WITH THE SLOGAN’GO BACK

SIMON’.ALL PARTIES INCLUDING THE CONGRESS AND THE MUSLIM LEAGUE, PARTICIPATED IN THE DEMONSTRATIONS.

THE DANDI MARCH OR THE SALT SATYAGRAHA

THE CIVIL DIS OBEIDIENCE MOVEMENT IS THE MOVEMENT IN WHICH INDIANS HAVE TO DISOBEY THE RULES OF BRITISHERS

MODES OF ACTION AS THE MOVEMENT SPREAD ,FORIGN CLOTH WAS BOYCOTTED,AND LIQUOR SHPOS WERE PICKETED. PEASENTS REFUSED TO PAY REVENUE TO PAY REVENUE AND CHAUKIDARI TAXES,VILLAGE OFFICIALS

RESIGNED,AND IN MANY PLACES FOREST PEOPLE VIOLATED FOREST LAWS-GOING INTO RESERVED FOREST TO COLLECT WOOD AND GRAZE CATTLE.

CALLING OFF CDM THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT WAS VERY DISTURBRD WITH THE PROGRESS OF THE CONGRESS AND THEY

ARRESTED THE DEVOUT DISCIPLE OF GANDHIJI ABDUL GHAFFAR KHAN IN 1930 , ANGRY CROWDS DEMOSTRATED IN THE STREATS OF PESHWAR , FACING ARMOURED CARS NAD POLICE FIRING . MANY WERE KILLED AND LATER EAVEN GANDHIJI WAS ARRESTED , A FRIGHTENED GOVERNMENT RESPONDED WITH A POLICE OF BRUTAL REPRESSION . PEACEFUL SATYA GRAHIS WERE ATTACKED , WOMEN AND CHILDREN WERE BEATEN , AND ABOUT 100,000 PEOPLE WERE ARRESTED , AND IN SUCH SITUATION GANDHIJI CALLED OF CDM .

PARTICIPANTS OF CDM IN THE COUNTRY SIDE

SECOND GROUP PARTICIPANTS POOR PEASENTS WERE THE PARTICIPANTES. DEMANDS LOWERING OF REVENUE DEMAND. DEPRESSION CONTINUED AND CASH IN COMES DWINDLED. IDEAL THEY WANTED THE UNPAID RENT TO THE LAND LORD TO BE REMITTED. MEANING OF SWARAJ NO RENT CAMPAIGN WHY WAS CONGRESS NOT WILLING TO SUPPORT POOR PEASENTS DURING CDM. APPREHENSIVE OF RAISING ISSUES THAT MIGHT UPSET THE RICH PEASENTS

AND LAND LORD.

• Main article: Quit India Movement• The Quit India movement was the final of the Three major Nationalist movements in India.

It was started in August 1942 by MK Gandhi. This movement was not as successful as the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Salt Satyagraha because of a number of reasons :-

• 1. Since the earlier two movements had not been able to achieve anything major, people had lost faith in Movements.

• 2. Mahatma Gandhi when called for a peace movement, withdrew it immediately on seeing any violence. This discouraged people from joining another movement of his organisation.

• 3. Quit India movement was also a Non - Cooperation movement. Afraid of becoming illiterate and jobless, many people withdrew their support.

• 4. Many prominent Congress leaders were arrested in these movements which made people lose faith in Congress and Gandhi.

• Due to these reasons, Quit India movement faded in 1943