The official name of India is Republic of India. New Delhi is the capital of India. The

Republic of India has three principal short names, in both official and popular English

usage, each of which is historically significant. These names are India, Bharat and

Hindustan.

It is the 17th largest country by area, the second largest country with population of 1.2

billion and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by Indian ocean on

the south, Arabian sea on the south-west, and the bay of Bengal on the south-east. It

shares land borders with Pakistan to the west, china, Bhutan and Nepal to the south-

east. In the Indian ocean India is in the vicinity of Sri lanka and Maldives.

India is the home of world religions- Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Christianity,

Sikhism.

it became an independent nation in 1947 after struggle for independence that was

marked by non-violent resistance that was led by Mahatma Gandhi.

Federal system of India is governed in terms of the

constitution of India.

India is also referred to as the Sovereign, Secular,

Democratic and has a Parliamentary form of Government.

The nation is basically the union of 29 states and 7 Union

territories .

President is the head of the Executive union.

The Prime Minister is the head of the council of ministers.

The real political and social power resides in the hands of

the Prime Minister.

PARLIAMENT/LEGISLETURE

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

JUDICIARY

Parliament: In all democracies, an assembly of elected representatives exercise supreme political authority on behalf of people. In India such as such as national assembly called Parliament.

Legislature: The body of elected representatives at the state level is called Legislature or Legislative assembly.

In India, the parliament consists of two houses-Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and Lok Sabha (House of the people)

The president of India is a part of the parliament, although he is not a member of either houses

Lok Sabha is also called the lower house of parliament.

Members of the house is directly elected by the people and exercises the real power.

The maximum strength of the house is 552. out of these 530 members are elected from the states and 20 members from the Union Territories. Two members are nominated by the president of India from the Anglo- Indian community.

The present membership of Lok Sabha is 545.

This is the 16th Lok Sabha session commenced on May, 2014.

Head of lok sabha-elected by the Mps

Current lok Sabah speakar-Mrs. SumitraMahajan.

Rajya Sabha is also called the upper house of parliament.

Is usually elected indirectly and performs some special functions

The most common work for the second House is to look after the interests of various states, regions or federal units.

It has not more than 250 members

Twelve of Rajya Sabha members are nominated by the president from persons who have earned distinction in the field of literature, art, science service.

Rajya Sabha is a permanent body.

One third of the members retire every two years.

At present 245 members in Rajya Sabha, distributed among different states and union territories

The Vice President of India is the chairman of House & current chairman is Mr. Mohammad Hamid Ansari.

Executives who are elected by the people for a specific period are called Political Executives.

The executive branch has sole authority & responsibility for daily administration of state bureaucracy

The executive power is vested mainly in president of India

The president is act in accordance with advise tendered by prime minister & his council of ministers

The council of ministers in office only so long as they command the confidence of the majority members of the parliament

Council of ministers is the collective decision making body of Government of India

At present there are total 45 ministers in council of ministers.

All the courts at different levels in the Country are collectively called the Judiciary.

It is independent and powerful institution and is considered essential for democracies.

The Indian Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court for the entire nation, High Court in the States, District Courts at local level

The judiciary in India is also one of the most powerful in the World.

The Supreme Court of India comprises of the Chief

Justice and not more than 25 other Judges appointed by

the President.

Judges hold office till 65 years of age.

Present chief justice of supreme court is H.L. Dattu.

There are 24 High Courts in the country.

The Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the

President in consultation with the Chief Justice of

supreme court and the Governor of the state.

Each High Court has powers of superintendence over

all courts within its jurisdiction. High Court judges

retire at the age of 62.

Established on 25 jan.1950. It’s main function is to hold

fair elections. 1st election was held on 1952. 17 crore 60 lakh people took part in which 85% are

illiterate and 15% are literate Shiv Kumar sen was the 1st chief election

commissioner. Mr. V.S. Sampath is the current chief election

commissioner. 814.5 million people were eligible to vote in this Lok

Sabha elections & average election turnout was around 66.38%

As on 26th September 2014 there are total 1766 registered political parties in India according to election commission of India .

At present there are 6 national parties , 54 state parties & 1706 Unrecognized Parties.

If a party wins in 2% of seats in the Lok Sabha from atlest 3 different State, it is considered as national one.

Indian national Congress & Bharatiya Janata party are two leading national parties.

Indian National congress ruled for around 48 years after independence.

After independence india face war with pakistanin 1965,1971 &1999. and with china in 1962.

India face situation of emergency in 1975-1977

On 1991, PM Rajiv Gandhi was killed in bomb attack by LTTE

Many scams & scandals faced by indian politics like 2G scam, commonwealth games scam coal gate scam etc.

Political activist Anna Hazare launched mass campaigns to issue Jan Lokpal against corruption.

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www.hrdiap.gov.in

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