© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
energy consumption and efficiency in ports and terminals indicator development and benchmarking
Gordon Wilmsmeier Ann-Kathrin Zotz Economic Affairs Officers Consultant
Infrastructure Service Unit Natural Resource and Infrastructure Division
ECLAC, United Nations
12th PPRN mee+ng, july ‘14, Norfolk, VA
© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
why should energy consumption be discussed in ports/ terminals?
sustainability of infrastructure and logis2c chains
increasing energy costs
infrastructure investment
carbon footprint
efficiency and compe22veness
investment into energy
infrastructure
© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
energy consumption container ports and terminals
research design
© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
a changing geography of trade
a changing structure of trade
(reefer)
energy consump2on in mari2me transport
energy consump2on in terminals
energy efficiency and carbon footprint
in mari2me logis2cs chains
© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
objectives
• analysis of impact of changes in geography and trade structure
• creating knowledge on the level and structure of energy consumption
• collection of data at terminal level
• calculation and analysis of energy consumption and efficiency in ports
• developing benchmarks and monitoring of energy consumption and energy efficiency indicators for terminals to allow for comparison and measure progress over time
© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
type of terminals and regions covered
river
gas
oil
dry bulk
container
sector/ region
South America
CA & Carib Europe Asia North
America Africa Middle East
container
sector /
region South America
© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
current situation of the project
• coverage – > 70 are participating on the international level (July 2014) – Container, bulk and gas/ petrol terminals are included – years 2010-2012/13 – 4 continents – 17 countries
in Latam: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay
– Latam container terminals represent >6 million TEUs (2013) • cooperation
– national governments (Chile, Peru, Colombia) – private terminal operators (container and bulk industry) – logistics associations and NGO’s (e.g. Smart Freight Group) – EU projects (Green Efforts)
• discussion and dialogue between the industry and the public sector – Regional seminar in May 2014 in Santiago, Chile (60 participants) – Smart Freight Group seminar in September in Sao Paolo, Brazil
© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
energy consumption container ports and terminals
some results
© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
energy consumption in container terminals per type of energy consumed (in%)
Source: Wilmsmeier and Zotz, based on ECLAC Energy Efficiency Questionnaire 2014
A complete electrifica2on of ports would mean an average increase of 62% of electricity consumed and, thus increasingly straining na2onal electricity networks in esp. developing countries
30.78% 36.44%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
ARG 1 ARG 4 ARG 5 CHL 2 CHL 4 CHL 12 COL 2 MEX 2 PER 2 PAN 1 PAR 1 URU 1 URU 2 AFR 1 ASIA 1 ASIA 2 EASTEUR 1
Electricity Consump2on (kWh) Fossil Fuel Consump2on (kWh) (Diesel) Average Electrifica2on
© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
structure of energy consumption in different types of terminals, 2012
Source: Wilmsmeier and Zotz, based on ECLAC Energy Efficiency Questionnaire 2014
The structure of energy consump2on changes with the products handled as well as with the efficiency of different opera2ons and equipment
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
ARG 1 ARG 4 ARG 5 CHL 2 CHL 4 CHL 5 CHL 12 COL 2 MEX 2 PAN 1 PER 9 URU 1 URU 2 GAS 1 GAS 2 GAS 3 BULK 1 BULK 2
Buildings Reefer Cooling Ship-‐to-‐Shore Cranes Lightening
Undefined Consump2on Fossil Fuel Consump2on Gas Consump2on Pumps and Belts
© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
structure of energy consumption in container terminals, 2012
Source: Wilmsmeier and Zotz, based on ECLAC Energy Efficiency Questionnaire 2014
The storage of reefer consumes 20% on average of total electric energy
19.03% 14.38%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
ARG 1 ARG 4 ARG 5 CHL 2 CHL 4 CHL 5 CHL 12 COL 2 MEX 2 PAN 1 PER 9 URU 1 URU 2 ASIA 1 ASIA 2
Buildings Reefer Cooling Ship-‐to-‐Shore Cranes
Lightening Undefined Consump2on Fossil Fuel Consump2on
Gas Consump2on Average Share of Reefer Cooling
© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
energy consumption (kWh) of one reefer TEU per storage day
Source: Wilmsmeier and Zotz, based on ECLAC Energy Efficiency Questionnaire 2014
66
51
60
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2010 2011 2012
kWh pe
r reefer T
EU storage da
y
ARG 1 ARG 4 ARG 5 CHL 2 CHL 12 COL 2 URU 1 ASIA 2 Latam Average
© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
energy consumption (kWh) STS cranes per operation hour
Source: Wilmsmeier and Zotz, based on ECLAC Energy Efficiency Questionnaire 2014
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2010 2011 2012
kWh pe
r oprtario
n ho
ur
ARG 1 ARG 4 ARG 5 CHL 2 CHL 12 PAN 1 URU 2 MEX 2 ASIA 1 ASIA 2
© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
next steps and challenges
emerging issues
© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
• seasonality of exports and thus, energy demand
• variation of demand in relation to regular port services
• technological renewal
• link between energy consumption and carbon footprint
• implications for the relationship between ports and their surrounding cities – less pollution (+), installation of wind turbines (not welcome everywhere)
challenges for increasing energy efficiency
© Wilmsmeier & Zotz 2014
next steps
• further geographical expansion data for all terminal types
• intensified dialogue on construction of energy efficiency indicators for terminals
• identification of good practices
