Date post: | 10-Apr-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | aries-prayoga |
View: | 215 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 33
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
1/33
8 th edition
Steven P. RobbinsMary Coulter
Steven P. RobbinsMary Coulter
Individual Behavior and
Learningin Organisation
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
2/33
142
L E A R N I N G O U T L I N EFollow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.
Why Look at Individual Behavior? Describe the focus and the goals of
organizational behavior.
Explain why the concept of an organization asan iceberg is important to understandingorganizational behavior.
Define the five important employee behaviors
that managers want to explain, predict, andinfluence.
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
3/33
143
L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (contd)Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.
Learning Explain how operant conditioning helps
managers understand, predict, and influencebehavior.
Describe the implications of social learningtheory for managing people at work.
Discuss how managers can shape behavior.
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
4/33
144
FlexibilityFactors
FlexibilityFactors
StrengthFactors
StrengthFactors
Basic Physical AbilitiesBasic Physical Abilities
Other FactorsOther
Factors
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
5/33
145
FAKTORKEKUATAN FAKTORFLEKSIBILITAS FAKTOR LAINNYA
Kekuatan dinamis Fleksibiltas luas Koordinasi tubuh
Kekuatan tubuh Fleksibilitas dinamis Keseimbangan
Kekuatan statis Stamina
Kekuatan eksplosif
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
6/33
146
Intellectual Abilities
Number aptitude/skill/ability/talent
Verbal comprehension
Perceptual speed Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Spatial visualization
Memory ability
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
7/33
147
The Ability-Job FitThe Ability-Job Fit
Abilities of the
employee
Requirements of the
job
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
8/33
148
Personality
The unique combination of
psychological characteristics
(measurable traits) that affect how a personreacts and interacts with others.consists of the stable psychological traits and behavioralattributes that give a person his or her identity/ that
distinguish one person from another.
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
9/33
149
Important Employee Behaviors
Employee ProductivityA performance measure of both efficiency andeffectiveness
AbsenteeismThe failure to report to work when expected
Turnover The voluntary and involuntary
permanent withdrawal froman organization
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
10/33
1410
Important Employee Behaviors
Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)Discretionary behavior that is not a part of anemployees formal job requirements, but whichpromotes the effective functioning of the organization.
Job SatisfactionThe individuals general attitudetoward his or her job
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
11/33
1411
Organizational Behavior DefinedOrganizational Behavior DefinedOrganizational Behavior (OB)Organizational Behavior (OB) is dedicatedto a better understanding and management of people at work
Behavior Behavior represented by actions and judgmentsThe actions of people at work
Focuses on two areas:
Individual Behavior
Attitudes, personality, perception, learning,and motivation
Group Behavior Norms, roles, teambuilding, leadership,
and conflictGoals of OB
To explain, predict and influence behavior.
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
12/33
1412
Exhibit 14.1Exhibit 14.1
The Organization as an Iceberg
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
13/33
1413
What Is the Nature of IndividualDifferences?
Individual differences arepersonal attributes thatvary from one person to
another. What are individual
differences?Physical.
Psychological.Emotional.
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
14/33
1414
BiographicalBiographical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
AgeAge
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
15/33
1415
BiographicalBiographical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Gender Gender
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
16/33
1416
BiographicalBiographical
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
RaceRace
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
17/33
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
18/33
1418
Distortions in PerceptionDistortions in Perception
1.1. Selective PerceptionSelective Perception is the tendency to filter outinformation that is discomforting, that seems irrelevant, or thatcontradicts ones beliefs
2.2. StereotypingStereotyping the tendency to attribute to an individual thecharacteristics one believes are typical of the groups to whichthat individual belongs
3.3. The Halo EffectThe Halo Effect form an impression of an individualbased on a single trait
Assumed Similarity 1. :Assuming that others are more like us than they actually are
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
19/33
PEMBELAJARAN
Setiap perubahan perilaku yang relatif permanen, terjadi sebagai hasil daripengalaman
1419
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
20/33
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
21/33
Classical
Conditioning
Classical
Conditioning
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
22/33
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
23/33
OperantConditioning
OperantConditioning
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
24/33
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
25/33
Social Learning TheorySocial Learning TheoryLearn by observing others and through direct experiences
Models have influence when the following processes occur:
Get rewardedReinforcement
MotorReproduction
Retention
Attentional Recognize
Remember
Do
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
26/33
SHAPING BEHAVIOR(PEMBENTUKAN PERILAKU)
Secara sistematis menegaskan setiap urutanlangkah yang menggerakkan seorang individu
lebih dekat kepada respons yang diharapkan
1426
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
27/33
Methods of Methods of Shaping Behavior Shaping Behavior Methods of Methods of Shaping Behavior Shaping Behavior
NegativeNegative
ReinforcementReinforcement
NegativeNegative
ReinforcementReinforcement
PositivePositive
ReinforcementReinforcement
PositivePositive
ReinforcementReinforcement
ExtinctionExtinctionExtinctionExtinctionPunishmentPunishmentPunishmentPunishment
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
28/33
Types of Reinforcement
Continuous Intermittent
Reinforces desiredbehavior every time
Reinforces desiredbehavior often
enough to makebehavior worth
repeating
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
29/33
Schedules of Reinforcement
Fixed-Interval
Fixed-Ratio
Variable-RatioVariable-Interval
Interval Ratio
V a r i a
b l e
F i x e
d
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
30/33
JADWAL PENEGASAN
1430
JADWAL SIFAT PENGARUH CONTOH
Berkesinambungan Penghargaandiberikan setelahperilaku yg diharapkan
Pembelajaran secaracepat thdp perilaku ygbaru tetapi lenyapdengan cepat
Pujian
Interval tetap Penghargaandiberikan pada interval
waktu yang tetap
Kinerja rata-rata dantidak teratur, dan
lenyap dg cepat
Bayaran mingguan
Interval variabel Penghargaandiberikan pada intervalwaktu yang variabel
Kinerja yg cukup tinggidan stabil didapat dgcepat tapi juga lenyapdg cepat
Kuis dadakan
Rasio tetap Penghargaandiberikan pada jumlahhasil secara tetap
Kinerja sangat tinggidan lenyap denganlambat
Bayaran tarif per buah
Rasio variabel Penghargaandiberikan pada jumlahhasil yang variabel
Komisi berdasarkanpenjualan
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
31/33
Behavior Modification
Critical behaviors
Baseline data
Behavioral consequences
Intervention strategy
Performance improvement
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
32/33
Organizational
Applications Lotteries to reduce absenteeism
Well pay versus sick pay
Training programs
Mentoring programs
8/8/2019 Individual Behavior-kuliah 2
33/33
TERIMA KASIHSampai JumpaMingguDepan ......