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Indo-Pakistani WarsBy: Samar Arshad, Misbah Rafiq, Lireyn Cabiling, Liliana Busqueñoand Jessica Rasanayagam

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 We come to t e Dr.PShow!

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Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkNz0zcgEdo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkNz0zcgEdo

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Background

● National turmoil in British India after WWII

● Muslims wished for their own independentcountry

● British India Partition (1947)→ modern RepuIndia and Pakistan

● Ethnic disparities

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Causes of 1947-1949 W

● Fought over the state of Kashmir and Jammu

● Kashmir and Jammu were Muslim territories

● Both India and Pakistan wanted Kashmir

● Kashmir and Jammu were given the opportu join either India or Pakistan

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Disputed Territory

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 What Happened?

● Mainly a border war between Pakistani and Inationalists

● First conflict (10/22/1947)

● The conflict escalated

● Indian government sought UN mediation of tconflict on December 31,1947.

● Januar 1, 1949

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Effects of 1947-1949 W

● 1500 soldiers were killed during the war

● Pakistan was able to acquire 2/5ths of Kashm

● India maintained the remaining 3/5ths of Kasincluding the most populous and fertile regio

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Causes of 1965 War

● Continuation of 1947 war

● Fought over region of First Kashmir War

● Began following Pakistan’s Operation Gibralta

● Started a rebellion against disputed Indian ru

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 What Happened?(1965

● Ended with UN mandated ceasefire

● Stalemate

● Resulted in Tashkent Declaration: (1966) Peacagreement→ resulted in peace by September

● Fought mostly along international border

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Causes of 1971 War

 

● Secessionist demands

● Pakistan started operations in East Pakistan tosuppress rebellion

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 What Happened?

● Fighting in East Pakistan forced 10 million civilians to flee t

● Caused India to become involved in the war when West Palaunched air strikes upon India

●

US Support of West Pakistan

●  West Pakistani army was involved in mass rapes and killinEast Pakistanis; attracted many other countries to become

● Ended with West Pakistani surrender at Dhaka;Instrument

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Effects of 1971 War

● It established India’s military dominance of the subcontine

● Pakistan lost half its population and significant portion of teconomy, ½ of navy, 1/3 of military and ¼ of air force

● Had 90,000 people turned into war prisoners

● Citizens could not come to terms with the results of the wstarted protests

● Bangladesh became independent nation and set up trials t

people involved in alleged war crimes

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Important Practices

● Flying ace: Muhammad Mahmood Alam wascredited with nine aerial victories and twoprobable victories

●

North American F-86 Sabre: Shot down 5 In Aircraft in less than a minute; destroyed arouaircraft on the ground in Indian Airfields