INDONESIA

(updated on April 2013)

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1. Country overview

1.1.1. Governmental System

The Republic of Indonesia applies the Trias Politica that recognizes the separation of the

legislative, executive and judicial bodies. The legislative authority is under the People’s

Consultative Assembly (MPR) that consists of two bodies namely the Parliament

composed of members of political parties (DPR), and the Regional Representative Council

(DPD) composed of representatives from each province in Indonesia.

The executive institution is centralized under the president, vice president, and the cabinet

of ministers. The cabinet is a presidential cabinet in which the ministers report to the

president and do not represent the political parties. Presidential elections are held every

five years. Since 2004, the President of the Republic of Indonesia is elected through direct

popular vote.

The judicial institution - since the reform era and upon the amendment of the 1945

Constitution - is administered by the Supreme Court including the administration of the

judges.

1.1.2. Geography and Climate

Indonesia is one of the largest archipelagos in the world that has 17,508 islands, situated

between 6º N and 11º S latitudes,spreading from 97º to 141º E longitude and it is located

between two continents, Asia and Oceania. This strategic position greatly influences the

country’s culture, society, politics and economy.

Stretching along 6,400 km between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Indonesia has

a total area of 4.92 million km2, including the ocean. The water area is about two-thirds of

the total area.

The five large islands of Indonesia are: Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua.

These islands were formed between the Tertiary to Quaternary age. The Australian and

Pacific tectonic plates have a great effect on the change of the islands. The Australian

plate changes slowly with an upward movement into the small plates of the Pacific plate,

that moves southward. The islands of Indonesia are stretched out between these lines.

This makes Indonesia one of the most changing geological areas in the world. There are

400 volcanic mountains – of which 100 are active- that dot the islands of Indonesia.Java

alone is home to 112 volcanoes, 15 of which are still active. Most of the islands are hot

and humid throughout the year. Temperatures range from 27.6° to 36.8° C during the day

and from 14.6° to 24.6° C during the night. Humidity ranges from 63% to 83%. Rain falls

primarily from December to March, when the winter monsoon dominates. Only western

Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands have a dry season, from June to September. Figure 1

shows the map of Indonesia.

Source: maps.nationmaster.com

FIGURE 1. MAP OF INDONESIA

1.1.3. Population

TABLE 1. POPULATION INFORMATION Average

annual Growth

Rate (%)

Year 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010 2011 2000 to 2011

Population (thousands) 147,490.3 179,378.9 205,843.0 218,869.0 237,641.0 241,134.0 1.42

Population (million) 147.5 179.4 205.8 218.9 237.6 241.1

Population density

(inhabitants/km2) 76.1 92.6 106.3 113.0 122.7 124.5

Urban Population as % of

total - - 42 48.1 50 51

Area (1000 km2) 1,937.2

Source: Statistic Centre Board (www.bps.go.id)

Currently, there are more than 241 million people living in Indonesia. The population

grew at an average of 1.42% between 2000 and 2011. It is projected that the total

population of Indonesia will always increase in the next 25 years, from 241.1million in

2011 to 273.1 million in 2025.

Every year urban population is increasing. Based on the data shown in Table 1, 51% of

Indonesia population is now living in a city. Generally, urbanization level is projected to

reach 68% by 2025.

The results of the 2010 National Population Census show that Java and Madura Islands,

which account for 7% of the total area, are resided by around 57.5% of the population

(136 million), while Maluku and Papua which account for 25% of the total area, are

inhabited by 3% of the total population.

1.1.4. Economic Data

TABLE 2. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)

Average

annual

growth

rate (%)

Year 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2000 to

2011

GDP (million of

current US$) 144,843.1 285,861.0 364,384.2 432,264.0 510,647.9 538,643.7 709,458.8 853,193.2

GDP (million of

constant 2000 US$) 144,843.1 182,471.6 192,509.3 204,724.1 217,035.5 227,081.9 241,215.1 256,870.9 5.35

GDP per Capita

(PPP US$/capita) 2,199.6 2,875.0 3,102.3 3,340.1 3,615.0 3,875.7 4,055.7 4,311.9

GDP Per Capita

(current US$/capita) 703.7 1,306.1 1,640.0 1,915.7 2,234.6 2,297.7 2,985.4 3,538.3

Source: Statistic Centre Board

Indonesia had an average real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of 5.35%between

2000 and 2011.During the 2000-2011 periods, GDP of Indonesia had increased from

US$144.8 billion to US$256.87 billion (CY 2000 Price).Table 2 shows the GDP of

Indonesia.

By utilizing the Masterplan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia’s Economic

Development (MP3EI), Indonesia aims to earn its place as one of the world’s developed

countries by 2025, with an expected GDP per capita of US$ 14,250-15,500 and a total

GDP of US$4.0-4.5 trillion. To achieve the above objectives,real economic growth of 6.4-

7.5% is expected for the period 2011-2014. This economic growth isexpected to coincide

with the decrease in the rate of inflation from 6.5% during 2011-2014 to 3.0% by2025.

The combined growth and inflation rates reflect the characteristics of a developed country.

1.2. Energy Information

1.2.1. Estimated available energy

TABLE 3. ESTIMATED AVAILABLE ENERGY SOURCES Estimated Available Energy Sources

Fossil Fuels Nuclear* Renewables

Solid Liquid Gas Uranium

Thorium

(Hypothetical) Hydro Geothermal Solar Biomass

Specific Unit Million tons

Billion Barrel

TSCF Metric tons Metric tons GW GW GW GW

Total Amount

in specific unit 148,356.06 7.73 152.89 53,705.34 109,200 845.29 29215 22.5 49.81

Total Amount

in Exajoules

(EJ)

4,227.88 44.15 156.84 2.48E-04 5.02E-04 26.66 921.32 0.71 1.57

Source:

- Handbook of Energy and Economic Statistics of Indonesia 2012

- Batan (National Nuclear Energy Agency) for nuclear

1.2.2. Energy Statistics

TABLE 4. ENERGY STATISTICS Average

Annual Growth Rate

(%)

Year 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2000 to 2011

Energy Consumption

* Total 3.85 4.56 4.63 4.81 4.73 4.95 5.66 5.81

- Solid 0.21 0.38 0.51 0.70 0.54 0.47 0.78 0.83 17.21

- Liquids 1.88 2.10 2.02 2.02 1.93 2.07 2.39 2.48 2.79

- Gases 0.48 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.67 0.82 0.84 0.90 6.39

- Nuclear 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

- Hydro 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

Other Renewables

* Geothermal 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

* Biomass 1.28 1.54 1.58 1.57 1.59 1.59 1.65 1.60 2.22

Energy Production

* Total 9.29 10.80 11.56 11.49 11.90 12.59 13.85 15.46

- Solid 1.88 3.65 4.65 5.22 5.49 6.15 6.60 8.47 14.87

- Liquids 2.96 2.21 2.10 1.99 2.04 1.98 2.13 2.15 -2.76

- Gases 2.98 3.06 3.03 2.49 2.54 2.62 3.13 2.97 0.35

- Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,00

- Hydro 0.14 0.20 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.25 0.18 4.36

-Other Renewables

* Geothermal 0.05 0.14 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.09 9.95

* Biomass 1.28 1.54 1.58 1.57 1.59 1.60 1.65 1.60 2.15

Net Import (Import - Export)

* Total -3.61 -3.34 -4.38 -4.80 -4.66 -5.59 -5.90 -7.35 7.34

Source: Handbook of Energy and Economic Statistics of Indonesia 2012

1.2.3. Energy policy

The President of the Republic of Indonesia issued Presidential Regulation No. 5 of 2006

that outlined the National Energy Policy (NEP). This NEP is a comprehensive policy

which covers both the supply and the demand-side policy. The NEP also underlines the

need that energy conversion in all sectors has to be implemented immediately, not only to

reduce the dependence on oil fuel, but also to diversify energy, alleviate poverty, increase

economic growth, and promote environmentally-friendly development.

The aforementioned Presidential Regulation serves as the main guideline in the national

energy management to achieve the security of domestic energy supply. This regulation

sets a clear target of the share of each type of energy up to 2025, as follows: oil supply

will be reduced to 20%, natural gas increased to 30%, coal to 33%, and new and

renewable energy to 17%.

With a clear and consistent policy in creating a conducive investment climate, as well as

with the support and participation of all national stakeholders, this target may be achieved.

The Presidential Regulation also supports the development of various sources of energy,

including new and renewable energy by the end of 2025.

All aspects related to the resources, use and arrangement of energy in Indonesia have been

regulated by the Act No. 30 of 2007 on Energy, including new and renewable energy

resources. According to this Act, among others, new energy resources can be produced by

new technology, either from renewable or non-renewable energy, such as nuclear,

hydrogen, coal bed methane, liquefied and gasified coal. These new energy resources

should be managed by the state and utilized for the prosperity of the people.

In addition to the Presidential Regulation No. 5/2006, the Indonesian Government also

issued several other regulations and policies on new and renewable energy, such as

Geothermal Law, Green Energy Policy, and Small Distributed Power Generation using

Renewable Energy.

1.3. The electricity system

1.3.1. Electricity policy and decision making process

The Indonesian power sector is ruled and regulated by the following law and government

regulations:

Law No. 15 /1985 regarding electricity;

Government Regulation No. 3/2005 regarding amendment of the Government

Regulation No. 10/1985 regarding electricity;

Ministerial Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) No.

9/2005.

Ministerial Decree of MEMR No.10/2005.

The Directorate General of Electricity (DGE) under the Ministry of Energy and Mineral

Resources is primarily responsible to formulate electricity policy and regulation. One

responsibility of DGE is to prepare general national electricity planning to meet electricity

power demand in a reliable and sustainable way. The National Electricity General

Planning (RUKN) is an integrated policy in the electricity sector, comprising projection of

electricity demand and supply of power generation, investment and financing, utilization

of primary energy resources, as well as new and renewable energy for power generation.

According to Act No. 15 on Electricity (1985) and the Government Regulation No. 26 on

supply and utilization of power generation (2006), the electricity utility should undertake

planning and have a Electricity Power Supply Business Plan (RUPTL).

1.3.2. Structure of electric power sector

The structure of the current Indonesian electricity supply industry is shown in Figure2.

According to Law No.15/1985, PLN - which is a state owned enterprise, as well as a

limited liability company - is the only authority in the country that provides electricity to

all Indonesian people (PKUK). In serving the national electricity demand, PLN produces

electricity from its own power plants, including from generator companies which are

PLN’s subsidiaries. PLN also acts as the single buyer that purchases electricity from

independent power producers (IPP). Other power producers apart from PLN and IPP are

’captive power’, mostly industries that produce power for self-use, and some other smaller

companies, including cooperatives that sell their electricity directly to consumers.

FIGURE 2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE CURRENT INDONESIAN

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY

PLN builds and owns most electricity infrastructure in the country. In term of generation

facilities, PLN owns almost every kind of power plant, such as coal- and oil-fired steam

power plants, gas turbines, geothermal, hydro-electric, and diesel plants. Most of these

generation facilities are under the management of two PLN’s subsidiaries, PT Indonesia

Power and Java-Bali Electric Company (PT. PJB).

FIGURE 3. CURRENT ELECTRICITY MARKET IN INDONESIA

In delivering electricity to its large, medium and small customers, while maintaining the

quality and reliability of service, PLN has developed extensive transmission and

distribution networks, including the large scale interconnection power grid in the Java-Bali

system.

Furthermore, PT PLN established 5 subsidiaries and one joint venture:

1. PT. Indonesia Power, whose main business is electricity generation.

2. PT. Pembangkitan Jawa Bali (PT PJB), whose main business is electricity

generation.

3. PT. National Electricity Service of Batam Island (PT. Pelayanan Listrik Nasional

Batam- PLN Batam), which engaged in business of electricity provision for public

purposes in the Region Batam Island.

4. PT. Indonesia Comnets Plus, whose main business is telecommunications business.

5. PT. Prima Layanan Nasional Enjiniring (PT. PLN Enjiniring), a company on

engineering, consultant, and construction supervision.

6. PT. National Electricity Service Tarakan (PT PLN Tarakan), a provider of

electricity for public purposes in Tarakan Island of East Kalimantan.

7. PT. Geo Dipa Energi, a joint venture between PT.PLN and PT. PERTAMINA ,

whose business is in electricity generation, especially geothermal power plants.

1.3.3. Main indicators

Installed Capacity

In the end of 2011, Indonesia had a power capacity of 39,898.97 MW, split between

PLN’s 30,528.63 MW and Non-PLN (IPP and captive power) is 9,370.34 MW.

TABLE 5. ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND CAPACITY

Average

Annual

Growth

Rate (%)

2001 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

2000 to

2011

Capacity of Electrical Plants (GWe)

Hydro 3.1 3,2 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 1,27

Steam 6.9 6.9 8.2 8.5 8.8 8.8 9.5 12.1 6.10

Gas 1.2 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.6 3.2 2.8 11.31

Combine Cycle 6.86 6.28 7.02 7.02 7.37 7.37 6.95 7.83 1.51

Geothermal 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.39

Diesel PP 2.6 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 2.6 0.30

Mini Gas PP 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.72

Other Renewable

Wind 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.E-04 2.6E-04 1.06E-03 3.4E-04 3.4E-04 39.98

Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 N/A 1.9E-04 1.23E-03 54.74

Total 21.06 22.53 24.85 25.22 25.59 25.64 26.89 29.27 3.40

Electricity Production (TWh)

Hydro 10.7 9.8 8.8 10.6 10.7 10.3 15.8 10.3 2.05

Steam 39.4 42.3 47.8 52.2 52.4 53.0 54.4 62.3 4.85

Gas 1.5 6.0 5.0 4.7 5.3 7.8 7.9 8.2 22.44

Combine Cycle 27.4 31.3 30.9 31.4 35.7 34.7 36.8 40.4 4.10

Geothermal 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 1.69

Diesel PP 5.8 5.8 6.1 5.7 5.7 6.1 5.1 4.0 -3.09

Mini Gas PP 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.12 0.11 0.00 0.07 0.05 -14.43

Other Renewable

Wind 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00010 0,00050 0,00072 44.4

Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 N/A N/A N/A -

Rent of Generator 0.8 3.1 2.8 3.3 4.7 5.2 8.2 13.9 37.42

Buy 13.3 26.1 26.6 31.2 31.4 36.2 38.1 40.7 12.38

Total 101.7 127.4 131.1 142.4 149.4 156.8 169.8 183.4 6.09

Total Electricity

Consumption (TWh) 84.5 107.0 112.6 121.2 129.0 134.6 147.3 158.0 6.48

Source: National Electricity Company, PT PLN

The system peak-load of Indonesia in 2011 was 26.66GWe. The peak load of Indonesia

increased 7.01% over the previous year. PT. PLN produced electricity of about 183.4 TWh

in 2011, including those produced from power generation units rented from other

companies. The total production (including purchase from utilities outside PLN or IPP)

during the CY 2010 was 169.8 TWh, an increase of 12.9 TWh or 8% over the previous

year. Of this energy production, the energy purchased from other utilities outside PLN

amounted to 38.1 TWh (22%). This was increased by 1.9 TWh or 5% over the previous

year. From the total energy purchased, the greater part was 8.7 TWh (23%) from PT.

Paiton Energy Company and 8.4 TWh (22%) from PT. Java Power.

TABLE 6. ENERGY RELATED RATIOS 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Energy Consumption

per Capita (GJ/Capita) 18.6828 20.8505 20.8504 21.3229 20.6883 21.1366 23.8213 24.0847

Electricity

Consumption per capita

(kWh/Capita)

489.0232 506.8132 537.3416 564.5769 574.0768 619.8319 655.2070

Electricity

Production/Energy

Production (%)

3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.5

Nuclear/Total

Electricity (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Ratio of External

dependency (%) -0.9 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 -0.7 -0.9 -1.0

2. NUCLEAR POWER SITUATION

2.1. Historical development and current organizational structure

2.1.1. Overview

Nuclear activities in Indonesia began with the establishment of the State Committee for

the Investigation of Radioactivity in 1954. The Committee was assigned to investigate the

possibility of radioactive fall-out in Indonesian territory due to nuclear weapon tests in the

Pacific Ocean.

Noting that the development and application of atomic energy could enhance the welfare

of the people, the Government on December 5, 1958 issued Government Regulation No.

65, establishing the Atomic Energy Council and the Atomic Energy Institute. This

Government Regulation was then followed by the enactment of Act No. 31 in 1964

regarding the Basic Stipulations on Atomic Energy. In 1965, Government Regulation No.

33 renamed the Atomic Energy Institute as the National Atomic Energy Agency (Badan

Tenaga Atom Nasional or BATAN). However, the 5th

of December has been retained as

the date of anniversary of BATAN.

In 1965, the operation of the first research reactor (Triga Mark II, 100 KWt later upgraded

to 1 MWt in 1971 and 2 MWt in 2000) was inaugurated in Bandung. In order to improve

mastery of nuclear science and technology, several R&D and engineering facilities were

built, among others the Nuclear Technology Research Center of Pasar Jumat, Jakarta in

1966, and the Nuclear Technology Research Center of GAMA, Yogyakarta in 1967. In the

latter, the Kartini research reactor was built in 1979 with a capacity of 100 KWt. To

further support the nuclear energy programme, R&D and engineering facilities, the 30

MWt Multipurpose Research Reactor was inaugurated in 1987. To support this last

reactor’s activities, laboratories, including facilities for fuel fabrication of research and

power reactors, reactor safety testing, production of radioisotopes and

radiopharmaceuticals, management of radioactive wastes and other nuclear facilities have

been built in the PUSPIPTEK science and technology research complex in Serpong.

Further development saw the enactment of Act No. 10 on Nuclear Energy in 1997, which

stipulated among others the separation of the executing function on the beneficial

applications of nuclear energy (BATAN), from the regulatory function held by the Nuclear

Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN).

2.1.2 Current organizational chart(s)

To implement a nuclear energy program, Indonesia so far has not decided to establish an

implementing organization (NEPIO). It should be noted that some available institutions,

such as the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Ministry of Energy and Mineral

Resources, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Research and Technology, have played

essential roles, similar to those of NEPIO.

FIGURE 4. INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAM

The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources hasa role in energy and electricity policy,

the Ministry of Research and Technology in science and technology policy, the Ministry

of Environment in site and environmental policy, while the Ministry of Industry in

national industry and technology transfer policy.

BATAN, assisted by universities, has a role in R&D, including technical consultancy,

human resources and training, information and socialization and site

preparation.BAPETEN (Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency) has a role as a regulatory

body in nuclear regulation and licensing.

BATAN (National Nuclear Energy Agency) in cooperation with other relevant

government institutions such asBAPETEN (Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency), Ministry

of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM), Ministry of Environment (KLH), Ministry of

Industry (Depperin), and State Electricity Company (PLN), is preparing, developing and

conducting a self-evaluation on the national status of 19 basic infrastructures of NPP

development, which is on-going since 2009. Table 7 shows the responsible institutions and

their scope of work in infrastructure preparation of the nuclear power program.

TABLE 7. RESPONSIBLE INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR SCOPE OF WORK

Responsible institutions Scope of work

BATAN

Nuclear Safety

Stakeholder Involvement (Socialization

Program),

Siting,

Fuel Cycle and Radioactive Waste

Environmental Protection

BAPETEN (Regulatory Body) Nuclear Safety

Legislative Framework

Regulation Framework

Safeguard,

Radiation Protection

Emergency Planning

Security & Physical Protection

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources

(Directorate General of New and

Renewable Energy and Energy

Conservation, Training and Education

Agency)

Electricity State Owned Company (PLN)

Ministry of Industry

Ministry of Environmental

National Position

Management

Funding & Financing

Electrical Grid

Human Resources Development

Stakeholder Involvement

Environment Protection

Industrial Involvement and Procurement.

2.2. Nuclear power plants: Overview

2.2.1. Status and performance of nuclear power plants

Not applicable.

2.2.2. Plant upgrading, plant life management and license renewals

Not applicable

2.3. Future development of Nuclear Power

2.3.1. Nuclear power development strategy

Utilization of NPPs as a part of national energy mix was noted in the Presidential

Regulation No. 5 of 2006 on the National Energy Policy, as well as in Act No.17 of 2007

on the National Long-term Development Plan for 2005-2025. Act No.17 of 2007 mentions

that the introduction of nuclear power should be utilized with high consideration of safety.

According to these two legal documents, NPP utilization may be initiated within the

period mentioned. The projected Indonesian NPP development framework is shown in

Figure 5.

Indonesia is considering an NPP project through an open bid mechanism. The type of

contract for the first NPP is a turnkey approach.

Regarding the nuclear fuel cycle, an open cycle is a preferred option at the moment.

According to BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No. 4/2009 on Nuclear Reactor

Decommissioning, the Owner has the responsibility of decommissioning the NPP,

including provision for financial guarantees.

Specific plans are needed for national strategy implementation. The nuclear infrastructure

is being developed through many related institutions, based on their tasks.

The schedule of activities for the first NPP was prepared in accordance with Nuclear Act

No. 10 of 1997, and the commercial operation and connection to the grid are expected by

2027, as shown in Figure 5.The planned reactor will have a capacity of 1000 MWe.

FIGURE 5. PROJECT FRAMEWORK OF INDONESA IN NPP DEVELOPMENT

Note: FS: Feasibility Study, GD: Government decision, OE; Owner Establishment, SC: Select Consultant,

CP; Construction Permit (needs 24 months), POL: Professional Operation Licensing, OL: Operation

Licensing (needs 18 months), BIS: Bid Information Specification, ITB: Invitation To Bid, ATP: Authorization

To Proceed, A/E: Architect Engineering, URD: User Requirement Document, CHT: Cold Hydro Test, HFT:

Hot Functional Test.

2.3.2. Project management

Commercial construction, operation, and decommissioning of nuclear reactor shall be

performed by any company, State Company, co-operative, and/or private company, as

mentioned in Act No 10 of 1997. Regarding the operation of NPP, the operator should

apply for a license or permit from BAPETEN for each site, for construction, for

commissioning, for operation and for decommissioning.

The owner is responsible for the type of contract suitable for implementation of each NPP

project. Presently, no organization has been established to own the first NPP. A study on

project management of NPP done by BATAN and KHNP (Korea Hydro and Nuclear

Power Co.) shows that a turnkey contract approach is suitable for the first NPP project.

As is the case for all industrial construction projects in Indonesia, local participation and

local materials use should be maximized. Local participation in the construction of a

nuclear power plant would mean the use of material and manpower resources within

Indonesia. A recent study was carried out by BATAN and KHNP in 2006 recommends

the target for localization: 20% of equipment localization at the first 2 units (step-1), 50%

at the next 4 units (step-2) and 70% at the other 4 units (step-3).

Policies and requirements for purchasing nuclear equipment and services are not

considered yet, but they should follow any existing related regulations.

2.3.3. Project funding

A funding scheme for the project is still under consideration. A study undertaken by

BATAN, PLN and KHNP proposed a financing scheme and ownership structure for the first

NPP in Indonesia. The funding for the construction of the first NPP may be a combination

of long term loans and equity. The loan would be used mostly to finance procurement of

foreign contents, most likely obtained from ECA (Export Credit Agency) and commercial

banks through loan agreement with the ‘NPP company’ that could be owned by the

government. Most of the equity portion would be used to finance local capital expenditure,

such as land acquisition, professional fees, mobilization, certification, etc. The equity will be

sourced partly from the public utility's own funds, which might be PLN or another state

owned enterprise, and from private investors who can be partners.

Funding for spent fuel handling, waste management, decommissioning and final disposal is

the responsibility of the owner.

2.3.4. Electric Grid development

Presently, an integrated system of electrical grids exists in Java-Bali-Madura and Sumatera.

The Java-Bali-Madura system is interconnected with 500 kV and 150 kV lines, while

Sumatra is interconnected with 275 kV and 150 kV lines. Power transmission in Jawa-Bali

and Sumatera will be integrated. PT. PLN plans to expand the interconnection project

through an electricity transmission system of high voltage direct current/HVDC. The project

starts construction in 2013 and targeted to operate in 2017. The interconnection system is

designed to distribute 3,000 MW from Sumatera to Jawa-Bali. It will consist of a converter

station, from AC power to DC, in Muara Enim, South Sumatera. DC power will be

converted again to AC (inverter station) in Bogor, West Java. In case the Bangka NPP is

built, this power transmission integration will ease the electricity distribution from Sumatera

to Jawa.

Currently, in Kalimantan Island, a 150 kV line has interconnected the provinces of Central

Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan. However, West Kalimantan province

is still isolated from the other provinces.

2.3.5. Site Selection

There are several locations in Indonesia that have been identified as potential sites for

NPPs. Figure 6 shows the location of each site and recent status regarding site survey of

the site. The sites are in the Muria Peninsula, Banten and Bangka Island sites. All of the

potential sites were located in a coastal line due to cooling water source availability.

In conducting the site survey and evaluation, IAEA guidance related to the safety and non-

safety related aspects and other considerations are used as the basis for safety and non-

safety analysis.

FIGURE 6. CURRENT STATUS OF NPP SITE STUDY IN INDONESIA

Muria Site

A feasibility study for Muria Peninsula was completed in 1996, identifying three candidate

sites, i.e. Ujung Lemahabang (ULA), Ujung Watu (UW) and Ujung Grenggengan (UG).

However, only two sites were selected as preferred sites, namely ULA and UW. Site

evaluation of ULA was done by NEWJEC in 1991-1996, while for UW, the evaluation has

not done yet. Nonetheless, the development of international guidance or national

regulation, give rise to the necessity of further intensive investigation of the ULA site,

mainly on volcanolgy, geotechnics and seismotectonics aspects. Figure 7 shows the main

access road to the preferred sites.

FIGURE 7. TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE MURIA SITE

Banten Site

Based on a preliminary study from 2008 up until now, there are two potential sites in the

Banten site, namely Pulo Panjang and Kramatwatu-Bojonegara. This study covers regional

and near-regional analysis. Both of the potential sites are characterized as safe from

external hazard (volcanic, surface faulting, seismicity, extreme meteorology, and coastal

flooding), it is not located at the Pyroclastic Density Current (PDC) of a capable volcano,

the distance of supposed capable fault to the sites > 5 km, PGA value < 0.4 g, it is not an

area that has tornado events and tropical cyclones, it has not been flooded by tsunami

waves since 1883, it is not projected to be inundated by sea level rise due to, global

warming in 100 year period, it is not in an urban and population center and has a distance

to the outer border of a population center > 1 km, therefore it is safe from human activity.

FIGURE 8. TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE BANTEN SITE

Bangka Site

A feasibility study is being carried out in Bangka Island, consisting of three phases in

three consecutive years, from 2011-2013, as illustrated in Table 9. Based on the ongoing

study, there are two interest areas in the Bangka site that are (1) Teluk Manggris-Tanah

Merah, Mentok, West Bangka Regency, and (2) Tj. Berani-Tj Krasak, Sebagin, Simpang

Rimba, South Bangka Regency.

TABLE 8. BANGKA SITE STUDIES PHASE

Year Site Studies Phase

2011 Regional and Near RegionalSurvey

2012 Site vicinity survey and Site characterization (site area survey)

2013 Licensing document preparation: SDR, SER, SDI, AMDAL concept, Draft of NPP Master

plan

Interest area 1 can be reached from Pangkal Pinang through Kelapa by a 140km paved

road, and a further 4-6km of unpaved road, accessible by motorcycle or off-road vehicle.

Interest area 2 can be reached from Pangkal Pinang through Sungai Selan, Bangka Kota,

Simpang Rimba, PermisVillage, Rajik Village and Sebakin Village by a 83.5 km paved

road. There are 5 major harbors and one medium airport. Bangka site transport

infrastructure is provided in Figure 9.

FIGURE 9. BANGKA SITE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES

2.4. Organizations involved in construction of NPPs

Not applicable.

2.5. Organizations involved in operation of NPPs

Not applicable.

2.6. Organizations involved in decommissioning of NPPs

Not applicable.

2.7. Fuel cycle including waste management

Based on Act No 10, 1997 on Nuclear Energy, general surveys, explorations and

exploitation of nuclear material ore, as well as the production and/or procurement of raw

materials for manufacturing nuclear fuel shall only be performed by BATAN, and may be

done in cooperation with a state company, co-operative, or private company. BATAN shall

also perform non-commercial production of nuclear fuel and radioisotopes, while the

commercial production shall be performed by a state company, co-operative, and/or private

company.

Act 10, 1997 stipulated that the radioactive waste management shall be performed by

BATAN. Low level and intermediate level radioactive waste generated shall be collected,

segregated, treated and temporarily stored before being transferred to BATAN. High level

radioactive waste (i.e. spent fuel) generated shall temporarily be stored for a period of no

less than the life of the nuclear reactor. A final repository for high level radioactive waste

shall be provided by BATAN.

2.8. Research and development

2.8.1. R&D organizations

R&D of nuclear science and technology are mainly implemented by BATAN. Nuclear

R&D activities are classified into reactor safety, radiation safety, environmental safety,

radiation and radioisotope application, and radioactive waste-management. R&D activities

are implemented in several nuclear complexes.

SERPONG NUCLEAR COMPLEX

There are many centres in the Serpong Nuclear Complex for R&D and engineering of

nuclear science and technology that have the objectives to support development of the

nuclear industry and for preparation, development, and operation of NPPs in Indonesia.

The development of installations and laboratories of the Serpong Nuclear Complex had

been conducted in 3 phases, beginning in 1983 and fully completed in 1992. The area is

about 25 hectares and is located in the National Center for Research of Science and

Technology (PUSPIPTEK), Serpong.

The main facility in the area is the GA. Siwabessy Multipurpose Research Reactor with a

power of 30 MWth. The Installation has the following centers: Production of Research

Reactor Fuel Element, Radioisotopes and Radiopharmaceuticals Installation, Experimental

Fuel Element Installation, Radioactive Waste Processing Installation, Radiometallurgy

Installation, Reactor Safety and Engineering Installation, Facility for Development of

Informatics and Computation, Nuclear Mechano-Electronic Installation, Neutron

Spectrometry Installation, as well as Storage for Spent Fuel Elements and Contaminated

Materials Installation.

BANDUNG NUCLEAR COMPLEX

The Bandung Nuclear Complex was initially constructed in the early 1960's on an area of

3 hectares and was the site of the first research reactor in Indonesia. The activities

conducted cover the utilization of the reactor for research and fostering of expertise, R&D

of basic materials, radioisotopes and labelled compounds, instrumentation and radiometry

analysis techniques, supervision of occupational radiation safety and environment.

In addition, nuclear medicine first developed in the Bandung nuclear complex was the

embryo of nuclear medicine in Indonesia. The activities of nuclear medicine were then

further developed in several hospitals in Indonesia.

In order to support the R&D activities, the Bandung Nuclear Complex utilizes various

facilities, among others, the Triga Mark II Reactor, which started with a power of 250 kW

in 1965. The power of this reactor was increased to 1000 kW in 1971 and further to 2000

kW in 2000.

Other facilities in this area are the laboratory for physics, chemistry and biology,

production of isotopes and labelled compounds.

YOGYAKARTA NUCLEAR COMPLEX

The Yogyakarta Nuclear Complex was established in 1974 on 8.5 hectares of land. The

Center for Technology of Accelerator and Material Process and the Polytechnic Institute

of Nuclear Technology are located within this area.

The activities conducted cover R&D in nuclear physics, chemistry, technology of low and

medium energy particle accelerator, process technology, analysis of nuclear materials and

reactor, as well as the use of the reactor for research and fostering of expertise.

In addition, supervision of occupational radiation safety and of environmental

radioactivity is also conducted. Meanwhile the Polytechnic Institute of Nuclear

Technology conducts programmes of education in the field of nuclear science and

technology.

The facilities in this area are the Kartini Research reactor with a power of 100 kW,

complemented with a subcritical assembly, a laboratory for pure materials research,

accelerators, laboratories for nuclear physics and chemistry, a work safety and health

facility, library facilities, as well as laboratory facilities for education.

PASAR JUM'AT NUCLEAR COMPLEX

The Pasar Jum'at Nuclear Complex was built in 1966 in an area of about 20 hectares. In

this area, the Center for Application of Isotope and Radiation Technology, Center for

Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, Center for Development of Nuclear

Geology, Center for Education and Training and Center for Dissemination of Nuclear

Science and Technology are located.

In this area, among others, are the following facilities: 3 units of Co-60 Gamma

Irradiators, 2 electron beam machines, a laboratory for uranium processing, radiation

measuring equipment, chemistry, biology, process and hydrology, education and training

facility as well as a permanent exhibition for nuclear science and technology.

MONITORING STATIONS FOR MICRO-EARTHQUAKES AND

METEOROLOGY JEPARA - CENTRAL JAVA AND BANGKA ISLAND

Since 1982 a monitoring station for Micro-Earthquakes and Meteorology has been built

and operated in the Ujung Watu village in Jepara - Central Java. The micro-earthquakes

monitoring station records the earthquakes data originating from volcanic, as well as

tectonic earthquakes, whereas the meteorology station is applied to record air pressure,

wind speed and direction, air temperature, humidity and solar radiation.

In addition, since 2011, a similar facility has been built in Bangka Island to record the data

of micro-earthquakes and meteorology in Bangka site. There are 10 micro-earthquakes

monitoring stations and two meteorology monitoring stations.

2.8.2. Development of advanced nuclear technologies

Indonesia is willing to participate in the development of nuclear reactor systems through

INPRO project. There is also a plan to develop a HTR design with co-generation

capabilities.

2.8.3. International co-operation and initiatives

Indonesia has signed a number of international agreements as well as conducted bilateral

and multilateral cooperations in the field of nuclear power development. A complete list of

international agreements and cooperations is provided in Appendix 1.

2.9. Human Resources Development

A human resource development (HRD) plan identifying the human resources needed by

the organization implementing nuclear energy program has been addressed in the study on

HRD Program and HRD Blue Print, carried out in 2008.

TRS 200 IAEA has been used to identify competences and human resources needed by

future organization of NPP. More detailed reviews and analyses in competences and

human resourcesneeded for future organization and the blue print of Human Resources

Development (HRD) program and the concept of Nuclear Training Center (NTC) facilities

are being conducted by interdepartmental organizations, including MEMR, BATAN,

Department of Labor and Transmigration, BAPETEN, and Ministry of Research &

Technology, as indicated by the Decree of ETC-MEMR Chairman No. 105K Year 2008

and Decree of BATAN Chairman No. 071 Year 2009. The stakeholders involved are

BATAN, BAPETEN, MEMR, Ministry of Research and Technology, Department of

Labor and Transmigration, and universities.

For the human resources development program, BATAN and related institutions have sent

personnel to Universities (in Indonesia or abroad) to obtain Master/Doctoral Degrees and

to notable NPP Companies, such as General Electric, Westinghouse, Atomic Energy of

Canada Limited, Mitsubishi, Korea Nuclear and Hydro Power (KHNP), Korea Atomic

Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and Korea Power Engineering Company (KOPEC) to

participate in their NPP design activities.

BATAN has established the Education and Training Center (PUSDIKLAT), which is

responsible for the implementation of education and training programs, especially in

nuclear science and technology related to BATAN’s competency. The development

program is oriented to provide well educated and well trained personnel in the fields of

research, development and application of nuclear technology, as well as to promote

nuclear science and technology to the public, especially industrial society, through

education and training programs.

Moreover, BATAN has also established a higher education institute called College of

Nuclear Technology (STTN) based on Presidential Decree No. 71 Year 2001. STTN is an

official education institute carrying out a nuclear science and technology man-power

development program through a carefully crafted four year education. STTN has two

majors study programs,namely Nuclear Techno-Chemistry and Nuclear Techno-Physics.

In addition, for human resources development, BATAN has established cooperation with

Gadjah Mada University, University of Indonesia, and Bandung Technology Institute in

various fields of study.

2.10. Stakeholder Communication

Within the framework of public information and communication, BATAN and the

Ministry of Research and Technology have undertaken several activities in public

information and education.

Public information and education are carried out for disseminating information on the

nuclear power program to various target audiences, which include parliamentary

representatives, government executives, politicians, journalist and editors, social

organizations (including women associations), local representatives and religious leaders,

professional groups (engineers, ecologists, sociologist, culture researchers,

artists etc.), schools/universities (schools/universities/colleges, students, teachers,

lectures), and the armed forces.

The means of distributing public information and education are through several periodic

events, including exhibitions, opening events at any nuclear facility involving high

ranking officials, visits to nuclear research or power plants for decision makers

(parliamentary representatives, civil servant), and for opinion leaders (newspapers, radio,

TV), national seminars on nuclear technology and energy, inviting speakers from various

domestic and overseas institutions.

In order to survey public perception concerning utilization of NPP in Indonesia, on

November 2010, a poll was conducted for the 3,000 respondents in the district /city areas

of Java, Madura and Bali with 59.7% of respondents agreeing, 26.1% not agreeing and

14.2% abstaining. After Fukushima’s NPP accident in 2011, a poll was conducted for the

same 3,000 respondents. Nationally, 49.5% agreed, 35.5% did not agree and 15%

abstained. According to the newest poll in 2012, nationally public acceptance of

utilization of an NPP in Indonesia increased to 52%.

3. NATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS

3.1. Regulatory Framework

3.1.1. Regulatory Authority(s)

Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) is a non-Departmental Government

Institution (LPND) which is under and responsible to the President. BAPETEN has the

tasks of implementing the surveillance of all activities of the use of nuclear energy in

Indonesia through regulation, licensing and inspection in accordance with applicable laws

and regulations. BAPETEN was founded on May 8, 1998 and began actively working on

January 4, 1999.

Role & Responsibility of the Regulatory Body

BAPETEN, as an independent regulatory body, has responsibility to ensure that any

activity related to the use of any nuclear energy is performed to maintain the safety,

security, and peace, as well as the health of the workers and the public, and also the

protection of the environment. These are administered by:

1. Drafting and establishing nuclear safety regulations

2. Controlling nuclear installations and nuclear materials through licensing and

inspection systems that covered all stages of NPP establishment (from site

evaluation to decommissioning stages);

3. Controlling the use of radioactive materials and other radiation sources through

licensing and inspection systems.

FIGURE 10. ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE REGULATORY BODY

The primary objective of the regulatory body is to ensure that workers, the public and the

environment are protected from possible adverse effects arising from nuclear activity. In

order to achieve these objectives, BAPETEN has responsibility in:

1. the rule-making of national policy in the field of the control of nuclear energy

utilization;

2. the planning of national program in the field of the control of nuclear energy

utilization;

3. the guidance and the rule-making and the implementation of nuclear safety,

radiation safety, and safeguards assessments;

4. the implementation of licensing and inspection to the development and the

operation of nuclear reactor, nuclear installation, nuclear material facility, radiation

source, and the development of nuclear preparedness;

5. the implementation of co-operation in the field of control of nuclear energy

utilization with other Government agencies or organizations either internally or

externally to the Government of Indonesia;

6. the implementation of safeguards and SSAC (State's system on accounting for and

control of nuclear material);

7. the implementation of the guidance and counseling for the effort that related to the

safety and health of the worker and the people, and the effort of environmental

conservation.

Organization of the Regulatory Body

BAPETEN is headed by a chairman, assisted by two deputies and one executive

secretariat. It has seven directorates, two centers for assessment, three bureaus, and one

inspectorate, as shown in Figure 10 below. According to Decree No.01/K-OTK/VIII-1998

the Chairman of BAPETEN shall directly report to the President.

3.1.2. Licensing Process

Based on government Regulation No. 43 of 2006 on Nuclear Reactor Licensing, the

construction and operation of a nuclear reactor can be performed after obtaining a license

from BAPETEN. The license will be issued in the following stages: Site Permit,

Construction Permit, Operating License, and Decommissioning Permit. There are two

procedures for obtaining a license, which are as the follows:

Five stage licensing procedure and evaluation period:

1. Site permit (12 months)

2. Construction Permit (24 months)

3. Commissioning Permit/License (12 months)

4. Operating License (24 months)

5. Decommissioning Permit (12 months)

Three stage licensing procedure and evaluation period (for commercial modular reactor

only):

1. Site Permit (12 months)

2. Combined Licensing (Construction, Commissioning and Operation) (24 months)

3. Decommissioning Permit (12 months)

The diagram of the Entire Licensing Process is shown in Figure 11 below.

FIGURE 11. DIAGRAM OF THE ENTIRE LICENSING PROCESS

3.2. Main national laws and regulations on nuclear power

The highest regulation level in the hierarchy of regulation in Indonesia is the 1945

Constitution followed by Acts, Government Regulations and Presidential Decrees, and

Ministry/Chairman of BAPETEN. In the lowest level are guides and standards.

A number of regulations regarding to the NPP establishment have been prepared as

follows:

Act:

1. Act No. 12 Year 2011 on The Establishment of Legislations

2. Act No. 30 Year 2007 on Energy

3. Act No. 25 Year 2007 on Investment

4. Act No. 17 Year 2007 on National Long Term Development Planning

5. Act No. 3 Year 2002 on National Defense

6. Act No. 10 Year 1997 on Nuclear Energy

7. Act No. 9 Year 1997 on Treaty on South East Asia Nuclear Weapon Free Zone

8. Act No. 8 Year 1978 on Ratification of NPT.

Government Regulation (GR):

1. GR No. 54 Year 2012 on The Safety and Security of Nuclear Installations and

Nuclear Material

2. GR No. 46 Year 2009 on Limit of Liability for Nuclear Damages

3. GR No. 29 Year 2009 on The Procedures for Determining the Amount, Payment,

and Remittance of Payable Non-Tax State Revenues

4. GR No. 27 Year 2009 on the Classification and Tariff of Non-Tax State Revenues

for the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency

5. GR No. 29 Year 2008 on the Licensing on the Utilization of Ionizing Radiation

Source and Nuclear Material

6. GR No. 33 Year 2007 on the Safety of Ionizing Radiation and the Security of

Radioactive Source.

7. GR No. 43 Year 2006 on Nuclear Reactor Licensing

8. GR No. 27 Year 2002 on Radioactive Waste Management

9. GR No. 26 Year 2002 on Safety of Radioactive Material Transport

10. GR No. 63 Year 2000 on Safety and Health concerning Utilization of Ionizing

Radiation

11. GR No. 64 Year 2000 on Licensing for Utilizing of Nuclear Energy

12. GR No. 20 Year 1994 on Investment

Presidential Decree:

1. Presidential Decree No. 74 Year 2012 on Nuclear Damage Liability

2. Presidential Decree No. 85 Year 2010 on the Ratification to the Joint Convention

on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste

Management

3. Presidential Decree No. 46 Year 2009 on the Ratification to the Convention on

Physical Protection of Nuclear Material

4. Presidential Decree No. 106 Year 2001 on Ratification of Convention on Nuclear

Safety

5. Presidential Decree No. 66 Year 1999 on Radiation Risk and Subvention

6. Presidential Decree No. 187 Year 1998 on BATAN and BAPETEN Establishment

7. Presidential Decree No. 82 Year 1993 on Ratification of Convention on Assistance

in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency

8. Presidential Decree No. 81 Year 1993 on Ratification of Convention on Early

Notification of a Nuclear Accident

9. Presidential Decree No. 80 Year 1993 on the Ratification to the Amendment of

Article VI of the Statue of the International Atomic Energy Agency

10. Presidential Decree No. 49 Year 1986 on Ratification of Convention on the

Physical Protection of Nuclear Material

BAPETEN Chairman Regulation (BCR):

1. BCR No. 17 Year 2012 on Radiation Safety in Nuclear Medicine

2. BCR No. 16 Year 2012 on Clearance Level

3. BCR No. 12 Year 2012 on the Implementation of Electronic System in Respect to

the Framework of Indonesia National Single Window in the Nuclear Energy

Regulatory Agency

4. BCR No. 8 Year 2012 on the Reporting of the Analysis to the Safety of Non-

Power Reactor

5. BCR No. 7 Year 2012 on Aging Management of Non-Nuclear Reactor

Installations

6. BCR No. 6 Year 2012 on the Essential System Design for Computer Based Safety

in Power Reactor

7. BCR No. 5 Year 2012 on Safety in Utilization and Modified Non Power Reactor

8. BCR No. 3 Year 2012 on the Management of Non-Tax Revenues in the Nuclear

Energy Regulatory Agency

9. BCR No. 2 Year 2012 on the Protection Against Internal Hazard other than Fires

and Explosions in the Design of Nuclear Power Plants

10. BCR No. 1 Year 2012 on the Provision Againts Internal Fires and Explosion in the

Design of Nuclear Power Plants

11. BCR No. 10 Year 2011 on the mangement System for Nuclear Energy Regulatory

Agency

12. BCR No. 9 Year 2011 on the Compliance Test for the X-Ray Radiology

Diagnostic

13. BCR No. 8 Year 2011 on the Radiation Safety in the Uses of X-Ray Radiology

Diagnostic and Intervention

14. BCR No. 7 Year 2011 on the Design of Emergency Power Supply System for

Power Reactor

15. BCR No. 6 Year 2011 on the Decommissioning of Non-Reactor Nuclear

Installation

16. BCR No. 5 Year 2011 on the Maintenance Requirements for Non-Power Reactor

17. BCR No. 4 Year 2011 on the Safeguard System

18. BCR No. 3 Year 2011 on the Safety Design of Power Reactor

19. BCR No. 2 Year 2011 on the Safety Requirements for the Operation of Non-Power

Reactor

20. BCR No. 1 Year 2011 on the Safety Requirements for the Design of Non-Power

Reactor

21. BCR No. 6 Year 2010 on the Health Monitoring for Radiological Workers

22. BCR No. 4 Year 2010 on the Nuclear Energy Facility and Utilization Activity

Management System

23. BCR No. 3 Year 2010 on the Design of Handling and Storage System of Nuclear

Fuel for Power Reactors

24. BCR No. 1 Year 2010 on Nuclear Emergency Responses and Preparedness

25. BCR No. 9 Year 2009 on Intervention Exposure from Technologically Enhanced

Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material

26. BCR No. 7 Year 2009 on Radiation Safety in the Use of Radiography Industry

Equipments

27. BCR No. 6 Year 2009 on Radiation Safety in the Utilization of Radioactive

Materials and X-Ray and X-Ray for Gauging Equipment

28. BCR No. 5 Year 2009 on Radiation Safety in the Use of Radioactive Materials for

Well Logging

29. BCR No 4 Year 2009 on Decommissioning of Nuclear Reactors

30. BCR No 3 Year 2009 on Limiting Condition of Operation for Nuclear Power

Plants

31. BCR No 2 Year 2009 on Design Information Questionnaire for Nuclear

Installations

32. BCR No 1 Year 2009 on Physical Protection for Nuclear Installations and Nuclear

Material

33. BCR No 10 Year 2008 on Certification for Personnel of Nuclear Installations

34. BCR No 9 Year 2008 on Additional Protocol to State System on Accounting for

and Control of Nuclear Material

35. BCR No 6 Year 2008 on Nuclear Power Site Evaluation for External Human

Induced Events Aspect

36. BCR No 5 Year 2008 on Nuclear Power Site Evaluation for Meteorology Aspect

37. BCR No 4 Year 2008 on Nuclear Power Site Evaluation for Aspects of

Geotechnics and Power Reactor Foundation

38. BCR No 3 Year 2008 on Nuclear Power Site Evaluation for Aspects of

Determination of Radioactive Material Dispersion in Atmosphere and Aquatic, and

Consideration of Population Distribution surrounding the Power Reactor Site

vicinity

39. BCR No 2 Year 2008 on Nuclear Power Site Evaluation for Volcanic Aspect

40. BCR No 1 Year 2008 on Nuclear Power Site Evaluation for Seismicity Aspect

41. BCR No 5 Year 2007 on Safety Guidance on Evaluation of Nuclear Reactor Site

42. BCR No 2 Year 2005 on System on Accounting for and Control of Nuclear

Material

43. BCR No 05-P /Ka-BAPETEN/I-03 Year 2003 on Guidance for Emergency

Preparedness Planning

44. BCR No. 04-P/Ka-BAPETEN/I-03 Year 2003 on Guide for Training for

Supervisors and Operator of Nuclear Reactors

45. BCR No.01-P/Ka-BAPETEN/VI-99 Year 1999 on Guide for Selection of Nuclear

Reactor Site

46. BCR No.07/Ka-BAPETEN/V-99 Year 1999 on Quality Assurance for Nuclear

Installation

47. BCR No.04/Ka-BAPETEN/V-99 Year 1999 on Safety Requirements for Transport

of Radioactive Material

48. BCR No.03/Ka-BAPETEN/V-99 Year 1999 on Safety Provisions for Radioactive

Waste Management

49. BCR No.02/Ka-BAPETEN/V-99 Year 1999 on Limit Values for Radioactivity in

Environment

50. BCR No.01/Ka-BAPETEN/V-99 Year 1999 on Working Safety Provision against

Radiation.

REFERENCES

[1] Handbook of Energy and Economic Statistics of Indonesia 2012, Ministry of Energy

and Mineral Resources, www.esdm.go.id

[2] Statistic of Indonesia, BPS-Statistics Indonesia, www.bps.go.id

[3] Statistic of Electricity, National Electricity Company, PT PLN, www.pln.co.id

[4] Statistics of Electricity, Directorate General of Electricity, www.djlpe.esdm.go.id

[4] Masterplan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia’s Economic Development

(MP3EI), www.bappenas.go.id

[5] Nuclear Regulations and Legislations, www.bapeten.go.id

[6] About Batan, http://www.batan.go.id/profil.php

[7] Self-Evaluation of The Status of Indonesia Nuclear Infrastructure Development Report,

National Nuclear Energy Agency (Batan), Jakarta, October 2009

[8] Blueprint of Human Resources Development for Nuclear Power Program 2012-2025,

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Jakarta, December 2010 (in Indonesia

language)

APPENDIX 1

INTERNATIONAL, MULTILATERAL AND BILATERAL AGREEMENTS

A. Convention and Treaty NO. TITLE STATUS REMARKS

ADOPTED /ENTRY

INTO FORCE

SIGNED

/RATIFIED

IAEA

1. Statute of the International Atomic

Energy Agency

Open Signature: 26

October 1956

Ratified

through Act

No. 25 year

1957 on July

22, 1957

Act No. 25 year

1957 on the

Agreement of

the Government

of the Republic

of Indonesia on

the Statute of the

International

Atomic Energy

Agency

2. Convention on the Privileges and

Immunities of the United Nation, 1946

Ratified

through

Presidential

Decree No. 51

year 1969 on

July 24, 1969

Presidential

Decree No. 51

year 1969 on the

Ratification on

the Convention

on Privileges

and Immunities

Convention on the Privileges and

Immunities of the Specialized Agencies,

1947

Agreement on the Privileges and

Immunities of the International Atomic

Energy Agency

3. An Amendment of Article VI of the

Statute of the International Atomic

Energy Agency

Ratified

through Act

No. 2 year

1973 on

January 12,

1973

Act No. 2 year

1973 on The

Agreement of the

Government of

the Republic of

Indonesia to the

Amendment of

Article VI of the

Statute of the

International

Atomic Energy

Agency

Non -proliferation

4. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of

Nuclear Weapons

Adopted: 12 June

1968 Entered into

force: 5 March 1970

Ratified

through Act

No. 8 year

1978 on

December 18,

1978

Act No. 8 year

1978 on the

Treaty on the

Non-

Proliferation of

Nuclear

Weapons

4.a. Agreement between the Republic of

Indonesia and the International Atomic

Energy Agency for the Application of the

Safeguards on Connection with the Treaty

on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear

Weapons.

4.b. Protocol Additional to the Agreement

between the Republic of Indonesia and

Ratified on

October

the International Atomic Energy Agency

for the Application of Safeguards in

Connection with the Treaty on the Non-

Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

29,1999

5. Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free

Zone Treaty (Treaty Bangkok)

Adopted: 15

December 1995

Entered into force: 27

March 1997

Ratified

through Act

No. 9 year

1997

Nuclear Security

6. Convention on the Physical Protection of

Nuclear Material

Adopted: 3 March

1980 Entered into

force: 8 February

1987

Ratified

through

Presidential

Decree No.49

year 1986

6.a. Amendment to the Convention on the

Physical Protection of Nuclear Material

Adopted: 8 July 2005.

Entered into force: not

yet

Currently in an

inter-

departmental

review process

7. Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Adopted: 10

September 1996.

Entered into force: not

yet

Signature : 10

September

1996

In order for this

treaty to be

effective,

Indonesia as one

of the 44

countries has to

ratify this treaty.

However, until

recently it has

not been ratified.

Nuclear Safety and Emergency Response

8. Convention on Early Notification of a

Nuclear Accident

Adopted: 26

September 1986

Entered into force: 27

October 1986

Ratified

through

Presidential

Decree No. 81

year 1993

9. Convention on Assistance in the Case of a

Nuclear Accident or Radiological

Emergency

Adopted: September

26, 1986. Entered into

force: February 26,

1987

Ratified

through

Presidential

Decree No. 82

year 1993

10. Convention on Nuclear Safety Adopted: June 17,

1994 Entered into

force: February 26,

1987

Ratified

through

Presidential

Decree No.

106 year 2001

11. Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent

Fuel Management and the Safety of Radio

Active Waste Management

Adopted: 5 September

1997 Entered into

force: June 18, 2001

Signature : 6

October 1997

Liability and Compensation for Nuclear

Damage

12. Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for

Nuclear Damage

Adopted: 21 May

1963 Entered into

force: November 12,

1977

13. Protocol to amend the Vienna Convention

on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage

Adopted: September

12, 1997. Entered into

force: 4 October 2003

Signature : 6

October 1997

14. Convention on Supplementary

Compensation for Nuclear Damage

Adopted: September

12, 1997. Entered into

force: not yet

Signature : 6

October 1997

B. Bilateral Agreements

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:

Agreement for Cooperation between The United States of America and The

Republic of Indonesia Concerning Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy, a G to G

cooperation signed on June 30, 1980.

Extended through,

Protocol Amending the Agreement for Cooperation Between The Government of

The United States of America concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, signed

in Jakarta, February 20, 2004 effective until December 31, 2031.

Memorandum of Understanding between BATAN and Westinghouse Electric

Corporation on The AP600, signed on October 27, 1989.

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) BATAN-GE Nuclear Energy, USA and

Mitsui & Company Limited, signed on November 8, 1990.

Letter of Understanding Batan Participation in SBWR Program,signed on March

27, 1991.

Arrangement between The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission

(USNRC) and The Indonesian National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN) for

Cooperation in Nuclear Safety Matters, signed on October 28, 1992.

Arrangement between The Government of The Republic of Indonesia and

Government of The United States of America and The IAEA for The Transfer of

Enriched Uranium for a Research Reactor in Indonesia (Fourth Supply

Agreement), signed on January 15, 1993.

Arrangement between The International Atomic Energy Agency and the

Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Government of the United States

of America concerning The Transfer of Enriched Uranium for the Fabrication of

Targets to the Production of Radioisotopes for Medical Purpose (Project and

Supply Agreement), signed on January 15, 1993.

Program Participant Agreement between Westinghouse Electric Corporation and

National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN), signed on November 24, 1994.

Program Participant Agreement BATAN-Westinghouse Electric Company signed

on November 24, 1994.

Nuclear Power Plant Technology Development Agreement between Badan Tenaga

Atom Nasional and General Electric Company, signed on March 24, 1995.

Agreement between General Electric Company and National Atomic Energy

Agency of Indonesia for the on-the-job-Training (OJT) Under the ABWR First-of-

a-Kind Engineering (FOAKE) Programme, signed on April 11, 1995.

Nuclear Power Plant Technology Development Agreement between Badan Tenaga

Atom Nasional and General Electric Company, signed on April 13, 1995.

Agreement for Join Study on the Application of an Advance Boiling Water

Reactor in The Republic of Indonesia between BATAN (National Atomic Energy

Agency) and The General Electric Company in Cooperation with Hitachi, Ltd,

Mitsui & Co., Ltd and Toshiba Corporation, signed on Augusts 16, 1996.

Contract No. DE-G109-99-Sr18920 between the United States Departement of

Energy Savannah River Operation Office and National Atomic Energy Agency

Center for Multipurpose Reactor Republic of Indonesia Terms and Conditions for

the Acceptance of Foreign Research Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel at the Savannah

River Site. signed on December 14, 1998

AUSTRALIA:

Agreement between Government of The Republic of Indonesia and The

Government of Australia Concerning Cooperation in Nuclear Science and

Technology, signed on November 11, 1997.

Memorandum of Understanding between The Government of The Republic

Indonesia and The Government of Australia relating to the Nuclear Technical

Assistance Project in Indonesia, signed on February 19, 1988.

Safeguards-in-Confidence Proposed Collaboration on the Further Development of

Remote Monitoring Techniques in Support of the International Atomic Energy

Agency (IAEA), signed on Augusts 4, 1998.

Agreement between The Government of The Republic of Indonesia and The

Government of Australia for Cooperation in Science Research and Technological

Development, signed on July 11, 2005.

MOU by and between National Nuclear Energy Agency (Badan Tenaga Nuklir

Nasional) and PT. Jawa Energy and Resources regarding Uranium Exsploration in

Kotabaru – Ransa, Kalimantan. signed on May 15, 2006

“Memorandum of Understanding Between The National Nuclear Energy agency

and The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization on Cooperative

Programme in Nuclear Science and Technology. signed on December 15, 2010

CANADA: Agreement between The Government of The Republic of Indonesia and The

Government of Canada Concerning the Peaceful Uses of The Nuclear Energy, a G

to G cooperation signed on July 12, 1982.

Memorandum of Agreement between National Atomic Energy Agency

(BATAN) and The Atomic Control Board of Canada, signed on November 14,

1994.

Memorandum of Agreement between Atomic of Canada Limited (AECL) and

National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN), signed on November 21, 1995.

Technical Cooperation Agreement between National Atomic Energy Agency

(BATAN) and Atomic Energy Agency of Canada Limited/Energie Atomique Du

Canada Limitee, signed on January 17, 1996.

Administrative Arrangement between The Indonesia Atomic Energy Agency and

Atomic Energy Control Board of Canada for Technical Cooperation and Exchange

of Information in Nuclear Regulatory Matters, signed on January 17, 1996.

Design Attachment Letter of Understanding BATAN-AECL for the Purposes of

Familiarization with the Design of Canada, signed on December 7, 1998.

“Computer Code Licensing Agreement between AECL and BATAN ” Transfer of

Cathena Code to BATAN, signed on June 11, 1999.

GERMANY: Agreement between The Government of The Republic of Indonesia and The

Government of The Federal Republic of Germany on Cooperation Regarding the

Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, a G to G cooperation signed on July 14, 1976.

Agreement between Badan Tenaga Atom Nasional and Kernforschungsanlage

Julich Gmbh, signed on January 22, 1987.

Memorandum of Understanding BATAN-Siemens AG signed on Augusts 18,

1992.

FRANCE: Agreement between The Badan Tenaga Atom Nasional and Rhecommisariat a

L’energie Atomique Concerning Scientific and Technical Cooperation in the Field

of Nuclear Energy for Peaceful Purposes, a G to G cooperation signed on April 2,

1980.

Memorandum of Understanding BATAN/SGN, signed on April 4, 1996.

Memorandum of Understanding Between the National Atomic Energy Agency of

Indonesia and La Socite Generale Pour Les Techniques Nouvelles (Identify Issues

and the Creation of the Joint Venture),signed on April 4, 1996.

ITALY: Agreement between The Government of The Republic of Indonesia and The

Government of The Republic of Italy on Cooperation Regarding the Peaceful Uses

of Nuclear Energy, a G to G cooperation signed on March 17, 1980.

First Arrangement between Batan and CNEN on Implementation of the Agreement

between the Government of The Republic of Indonesia and The Government of

The Republic of Italy on Cooperation Regarding The Peaceful Uses of Nuclear

Energy. signed on October 9, 1980

Memorandum Of Understanding Between Badan Tenaga Atom Nasional and

Italian Commission for Nuclear and Alternative Energy Sources (ENEA) signed on

July 3, 1987

Agreement between The Government of The Republic of Indonesia and The

Government of The Italian Republic on Scientific and Technological Cooperation”

signed on October 20, 1997

JAPAN:

Agreement between The Government of The Republic of Indonesia and The

Government of Japan on Scientific and Technological Cooperation, signed on

January 12, 1980.

Agreement between MITSUI & Co. Ltd., Japan and National Atomic Energy of

Indonesia regarding the Participation of BATAN on the Simplified Boiling Water

Reactor (SBWR) Program, January March 27, 1991.

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

(MHI) and National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) Muria Consortium

(MURIA) and PT. Citacinas, signed on March 13, 2000 in Jakarta.

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between Batan and Mitsubishi for a Joint

Study On 1000 MWe Class PWR, signed on November 21, 1997.

Arrangement on Collaborative Research in Neutron Science and Technology

between the Center for Research and Development of Materials Science and

Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (P3IB-BATAN) Indonesia and the

Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization

(KENS-KEK), Japan. signed on June 12, 2003

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between BATAN and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries Ltd. on Strengthening Cooperation Relationship through Exchange of

Information for the Successful Introduction of Nuclear Power Plants in

Indonesia, signed on July 14, 2006.

Arrangement between the National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia and the

Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan in the Field of Peaceful Uses of Nuclear

Energy. signed on May 25, 2007

Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the Ministry of Energy and

Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia and the Ministry of Economy,

Trade and Industry of Japan on Cooperation in the Promotion of Nuclear Power

Development. signed on November 22, 2007

Memorandum of Understanding between Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional and

Mitshubishi Heavy Industries, ltd on Strengthening Cooperation Relationship

through Exchange of Information for the Successful Introduction of Nuclear Power

Plants in Indonesia. signed on November 11, 2010 in Jakarta

Amendment to Arrangement between the National Nuclear Energy Agency,

Indonesia and the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan in the Field of Peaceful

Uses of Nuclear Energy”. signed on Japan April 11, 2012 & on Indonesia April

17, 2012

KOREA: Agreement between The Government of The Republic Indonesia and The

Government of The Republic of Korea for The Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of

Nuclear Energy, a G to G cooperation signed on December 4, 2006 in Jakarta and

in the process of ratification by the Government of Indonesia.

Agreement between the National Atomic Energy Agency of Indonesia and the

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute for Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of

Nuclear Energy, signed on April 7, 1995 in Taejon, Republic of Korea.

Cooperation for 1997/1998 between National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN)

and Korea Electric Power Corporation, signed on July 11, 1997.

Memorandum of Understanding between the National Nuclear Energy Agency

(BATAN) of the Republic of Indonesia and the Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power

Co., Ltd. (KHNP) of the Republic Korea for the Cooperation on the Nuclear Power

Development in Indonesia, signed on February 6, 2004.

“Agreement for Technical Cooperation on Neutron Scattering by Utilization of

research Reactors between Center for Technology of Nuclear Industrial Materials

of The National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN) and Neutron

Science Division, Basic Science and Technology Department of Korea Atomic

Energy Research Institute (KAERI)”. Signed on 2008

Memorandum of Understanding between the Center for Accelerator and Material

Process Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (PTAPB-BATAN),

Indonesia and Research Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Korea

Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (RIRAMS-KIRAMS), Korea on

Cooperation on the Development of Cyclotron Technology for Positron Emission

Tomography (PET)”. Signed on January 2011)

“Memorandum of Understanding the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)

of the Republic of Indonesia and the Korea Electric Power Cooperation (KEPCO)

of the Republic of Korea for Cooperation on the Development of Peaceful Uses of

Nuclear Energy”. Signed on March 2012

RUSSIA: Agreement between The Government of The Republic Indonesia and The

Government of The Russian Federation on the Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of

Atomic Energy,a G to G cooperation signed on December 1, 2006 in Moscow,

Russia, and ratified by the Government of Indonesia in 2011.

JORDAN

“Memorandum of Understanding between the National Nuclear Energy Agency

(BATAN) of the Republic of Indonesia and the Jordan Atomic Energy

Commission (JAEC) of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan concerning the

Development of Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy” (Signedon 1 November 2012)

C. Technical Co-operation with IAEA in the Field of Nuclear Power Development

Project

Number Title

1st Year of

Approval

INS/9/012 Nuclear Power Plant Sitting 1988

INS/9/013 Strengthening Nuclear Safety Infrastructure 1989

INS/4/028 Support for the First Nuclear Power Plant 1993

INS/9/021 NPP Site Confirmation and Structural Safety 1997

INS/0/015 Human Resource Development and Nuclear

Technology Support

1999

INS/0/016 Comparative Assessment of Different Energy Sources

for Electricity Generation

2001

INS/0/017 Human Resource Development And Nuclear

Technology Support

2003

INS/4/033 Preparation for a Nuclear Power Plant 2005-2008

INS/4/034 Feasibility Study for Nuclear Desalination Plant

Construction

2005-2006

INS/4/035 Preparation of Regulations, Codes, Guides and

Standards for a Nuclear Power Plant

2005-2006

INS/0/017 Human Resources Development and Nuclear

Technology Support

2005-2006

EBP-ASIA-

178

Extra Budgetary Program on the Safety of Nuclear

installations in South East Asia, Pacific and Far East

Asia

2000-2004

INS/4/036 Supporting the Preparation of Regulatory Control for

Nuclear Power Plant

2009

INS/7/005 Developing a Radioecology and Marine Environment

Programme in Muria Peninsula

2009

INS/4/033 Preparation for a Nuclear Power Plant. Objectives: To

enhance national capacity for preparation and

introduction of a nuclear power plant (NPP). Field:

(4V) Nuclear Power Plant Planning and Pre-

Operational Support

2005-2008

APPENDIX 2:

MAIN ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND COMPANIES INVOLVED IN

NUCLEAR POWER RELATED ACTIVITIES

1. Directorate General for New and Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation

Jl. Pegangsaan Timur No.1, Menteng, Jakarta 10320

Tel. +62-21-31924546, fax. +62-21-31924546

www.ebtke.esdm.go.id

2. Directorate General for Electricity

Jl. H.R Rasuna Said, kav 06 & 07, Blok X2, Kuningan, Jakarta 12950

Tel. +62-21-5225180, fax. +62-21-5256044

www.djlpe.esdm.go.id

3. Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN)

Jl. Kuningan Barat, Mampang Prapatan, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia

PO Box 4390 Jakarta 12043

Ph. +62-21-5251109, Fax. +62-21-5251110

www.batan.go.id

4. Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir (BAPETEN)

Jl. GajahMada No. 8,

PO. Box 4005 Jakarta 10040 Indonesia

Ph. (021) 6385 8269 - 70, Fax. (021) 6385 8275

www.bapeten.go.id

5. Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Nuklir (STTN)

Jl. Babarsari POB 6101 YKBB, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia

Ph. +62-274-484085, Fax. +62-274-489715

www.sttn-batan.ac.id

6. Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)

Jl. Tamansari 64, Bandung 40116 Indonesia

Tel/fax. +62-22-250 0935

Campus: Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132

www.itb.ac.id

7. Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering,

University of Gadjah Mada (UGM)

Jl. Grafika 2, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Ph./Fax. 062-274-580882

http://tf.ugm.ac.id

Contact person:

Suparman

Center for Nuclear Energy Development

National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)

Jl. Kuningan Barat, Mampang Prapatan, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia

PO Box 4390 Jakarta 12043

Email: superman@batan.go.id