Indonesia 1997: Results from the Demographic and Health SurveySource: Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 30, No. 3 (Sep., 1999), pp. 254-258Published by: Population CouncilStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/172201 .

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DATA

Indonesia 1997: Results from the

Demographic and Health Survey

Introduction

The Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey was con- ducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics, State Ministry of Population/National Family Planning Coordinating Board, and Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia, within the framework of the DHS Program of Macro Interna- tional. Data for the DHS were collected from 34,255 households and complete interviews were conducted with 28,810 women aged 15-49. The interviews took place between 1 September and 31 December 1997.

The summary statistics presented below were taken from the Indonesia country report,1 with exceptions as noted.

Fertility 2.1 Fertility trends

8

6 Q! (12

4

2

0 1955-60 '60-65 '65-70 '70-75 '75-80 '80-85 '85-90 1995-97

Year

2.2 Fertility differentials, 1995-97

6.00 -

1.1 General characteristics of the population Percent

Characteristic 1965 1985 change Demographic

Population size (mil.) 107.0 167.3 +56.4 Crude birth rate (/1,000) 42.7 30.4 -28.8 Crude death rate (/1,000) 20.4 10.3 -49.5 Population growth rate (%/year) 2.24 1.92 -14.3 Life expectancy (years) 44.3 58.2 +31.4

Socioeconomic GNP per capita ($) - 610

Adult literacy (%) - 77

Sources: See notes 2 and 3. aGNP per capita is given for 1991.

1.2 Percentage distribution of ever-married women surveyed, by educational level, according to residence

Residence Educational level Rural Urban Total None 16.4 5.0 13.2 Some primary 31.4 17.9 27.7 Completed primary 32.8 26.6 31.1 Secondary + 19.4 50.5 28.0 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 (N) (20,777) (8,033) (28,810)

a) * 4.00

a)

| 2.00

0.00

2.98

2.40

&c

Rural Urban

Residence

3.23

2.66 2.96

2.55

a b c d

Educational level4

2.3 Age-specific fertility Years prior to survey

Age 0-3 4-7 8-11 12-15 16-19

15-19 62 79 81 117 127 20-24 145 159 175 220 240 25-29 148 156 172 203 236 30-34 107 125 125 162 (196) 35-39 65 66 86 (112) na 40-44 27 34 (69) na na 45-49 (5) (22) na na na

Note: Age-specific fertility is measured in births per 1,000 women per year in each age group. Numbers in parentheses are partially truncated rates. na = Not available.

254 Studies in Family Planning

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Fertility Preferences

3.1 Mean ideal number of children, by age and number of living children for ever-married women

C a) L-

0

a)

3 E

a) '

Current Contraceptive Use 4.1 Contraceptive prevalence differentials (D E 100 - Traditional methods E-=

3 90 - Modern methods a) 80-

70 - 60.5 62.3 59.8 60.5 E 60 - 56.5 547 57.4

50 44.2 S? 40-

30 '~ 020

10

:L Rural Urban a b c d Total Residence Educational level4

2.7

2 30-34 40-44 I I

15-19 25-29 35-39 45-49 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+

Age Number of living children*

*Includes current pregnancy.

3.2 Desire to stop childbearing among currently married women, by number of living children

100

a)

o 80

o

CO . 60

o 40

c a) 20

0

Number of living children*

*Includes current pregnancy. **lncludes sterilized women.

3.3 Percentage distribution of births in the five years preceding the survey, by planning status, according to birth order

Birth order*

Planning status 1 2 3 4+ All Wanted then 94.5 85.2 80.6 67.9 82.9 Wanted later 5.0 13.7 9.9 8.1 8.8 Not wanted 0.3 1.1 9.5 24.0 8.3 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (N) (5,896) (4,418) (2,837) (4,754) (17,906)

*Includes current pregnancy.

4.2 Contraceptive prevalence, by age and number of living children

80

C 70 68.9 64.0 E

60 60.7 --- E ,/ 62.3 60.5 557 59.3

. 50

E 40 3> 0 34.0

30 ' 20

o 10 9.3

0 20T24 30-34 401-44 ?) 0 i i 15-19 25-29 35-39 45-49 0 1 2 3

.C Aae Number of livina c 3 4+ :hildren

4.3 Percentage distribution of current users of modern methods, by most recent source of supply or information, according to method

Method Female Male

Inject- Con- Im- sterili- sterili- Source Pill IUD able dom plant zation zation Total Public sector 33.7 60.2 31.2 16.3 71.4 70.1 86.5 43.0

Government hospital 0.7 8.0 1.2 1.0 4.8 67.9 72.1 6.7 Health center 24.3 46.8 29.0 12.0 55.0 2.2 14.4 31.3 Family planning field-worker 5.6 0.5 0.3 2.9 1.9 0.0 0.0 2.0

Family planning mobile clinic 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.3

Other government 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Safari KB 0.0 3.2 0.1 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.0 1.2 Village official 3.0 0.5 0.4 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 1.4

Medical private sector 31.9 32.1 61.3 75.5 16.8 29.4 8.7 41.9 Hospital 0.7 4.7 0.9 1.3 1.5 22.5 8.3 2.7 Family planning clinic 1.8 2.1 2.2 0.4 0.4 4.9 0.4 2.0 Doctor 1.6 8.1 6.0 1.8 3.2 1.9 0.0 4.4 Midwife 18.5 17.1 49.9 2.5 11.3 0.0 0.0 28.3 Pharmacy 7.8 0.0 0.1 69.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 Other private 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 Health officer 1.1 0.1 2.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.2

Other private sector 34.4 7.8 7.5 5.9 11.5 0.1 4.8 15.1 Village delivery post 2.7 0.4 3.3 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 2.4 Health post 16.3 6.2 2.9 4.1 5.8 0.0 0.0 7.3 Family planning post 10.7 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.9 0.0 0.0 3.8 Traditional birth

attendant 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 Friend/relative 1.6 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 Other 2.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.1 4.8 0.8

Don't know 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

(N)a (4,153) (2,191) (5,687) (179) (1,601) (826) (102) (14,742)

aTotal includes five users of vaginal methods.

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Contraception Marital and Contraceptive Status

5.1 Knowledge, ever use, and current use of methods 6.1 Percentage distribution of women, by current among currently married women (percent) marital status, according to age

Know Ever Currently Age Method method used using Marital status 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 Total

Any modern method 96.9 76.1 54.7 Single 82.0 36.1 14.1 5.3 2.4 2.9 1.7 25.3 Pill 93.9 44.2 15.4 Married 17.1 61.4 82.6 90.8 91.6 87.5 82.6 69.7 IUD 85.0 19.0 8.1 Divorced 0.9 2.3 2.6 2.7 3.3 3.9 3.2 2.5 Injectable 93.9 43.9 21.1 Widowed 0.0 0.2 0.7 1.2 2.8 5.7 12.6 2.5 Diaphragm/foam/jelly/tablet 11.7 0.2 a Diaphragmfoam/jellytablet 11 4 0.27 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Female sterilization 60.5 3.0 370 (N) (7,298) (6,352) (6,358) (5,678) (5,325) (4,122) (3,457) (38,590) Female sterilization 60.5 3.0 3.0 Male sterilization 36.3 0.4 0.4 Implant 81.3 9.2 6.0

Any traditional method 39.8 8.3 2.7 Withdrawal 17.8 3.2 0.8 Periodic abstinence 27.7 3.4 1.1 Herbs 12.7 3.3 na Massage 5.7 2.8 na Other 0.5 0.4 0.8

Any method 97.2 77.8 57.4 na = Not available. aTotal number of currently married women surveyed (26,886) includes five users of vaginal methods.

5.2 Percentage distribution of currently married women who are nonusers, by intention to practice contraception in the future, according to number of living children

Number of living children* Intention 0 1 2 3 4+ Total Intend to use in next 12 months 12.7 32.7 37.0 32.6 21.4 27.6

Intend to use later 26.1 15.0 9.3 5.2 2.3 10.4 Unsure as to timing 5.6 3.8 2.7 1.6 0.7 2.7 Unsure as to intention 20.6 14.4 10.4 13.6 11.5 13.5 Do not intend to use 35.0 34.1 40.6 47.1 63.7 45.7 Missing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

*Includes current pregnancy.

5.3 Percentage distribution of currently married women who are nonusers,* by main reason for nonuse, according to age

Age Reason for nonuse <30 30+ Total

Infrequent sex 3.0 6.2 5.7 Menopause/hysterectomy 0.4 22.0 18.8 Subfecund/infecund 0.5 10.9 9.3 Postpartum/breastfeeding 1.6 0.2 0.4 Wants children 37.9 16.8 19.9 Opposed to family planning 8.9 6.7 7.0 Partner opposed 16.3 6.7 8.2 Other person opposed 0.6 0.1 0.1 Religion 0.3 0.6 0.5 Lacks knowledge 3.3 2.3 2.4 Knows no source 0.1 0.3 0.2 Health concerns 9.3 11.7 11.3 Fears side effects 13.9 11.6 11.9 Difficult to obtain 0.1 0.2 0.2 Cost 0.8 0.7 0.7 Inconvenient to use 0.3 0.5 0.5 Interferes with body 0.1 0.5 0.4 Other 0.5 1.3 1.2 Doesn't know 2.1 0.9 1.1 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 (N) (778) (4,453) (5,231) *Refers to women who are not using contraceptives and who do not intend to use them in the future.

6.2 Differentials in median age at first birth

| All women 25-49 (20.8)

//// A///// "///// l/ /,,,/////, Rural (20.2)

// /////;//////////////// ///// ,/////,//// Urban (22.3) Residence

'///////////////// /A////////// a(19.6)

'///////////////// /////// /// b (19.6)

///' ///////////////////// /// c(20.0) Educational level4

/////////////////7////$///////////// d (23.6)

I I l I I I I

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Median age at first birth, women 25-49

6.3 Union and contraceptive status

Previously in union* 5.0%

Married/ use contraceptives

40.0% Single 25.3%

*Divorced, separated, or widowed.

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Postpartum Variables

7.1 Differentials in duration of breastfeeding 40 -

35 - Co cn

0 O 30 - 28.3

E 24.7 26.0 E- 25 4.7 24.3 23.

, , 22.1 21.8 20 Breasfeeding (23.9) E

Amenorrheic (15.7)-

Nonsusceptible* /(7.5)

CZt

Rural Urban a b c d Tote

Residence Educational level4

7.2 Median duration of postpartum interval

~ ~~//////////g/// AbstBreastfeeding (23.9)

Amenorrheic (5.7)

E t1 a>

a.ij A

Nonsusceptible* (7.5) Co 0

Abstinent (2.4)

i I [ I i i i

0 5 10 15 20 25

Median duration (months) *Amenorrheic and/or abstaining.

Infant Mortality 8.1 Infant mortality trends

1955-60 '60-65 '65-70 '70-75 '75-80 '80-85 '85-90

Year

8.2 Infant mortality differentials, 1987-97

100

a, 75

.2_ it Co t 50 0 E

a 25

0

30 35

Rural Urban a b c

Residence Educational level4

8.3 Children ever born, surviving, and proportion dead* Mean number of children

Age of Ever Proportion mother born Surviving Dead dead 15-19 0.58 0.52 0.06 0.10 20-24 1.14 1.09 0.05 0.04 25-29 1.89 1.76 0.13 0.07 30-34 2.76 2.54 0.22 0.08 35-39 3.57 3.21 0.36 0.10 40-44 4.22 3.69 0.53 0.13 45-49 4.84 4.15 0.69 0.14

Total 2.82 2.53 0.29 0.10

*Among currently married women.

Volume 30 Number 3 September 1999 257

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Health: Disease, Prevention, and Treatment

9.1 Percentage of children 12 to 23 months of age who have received specific vaccines, by residence and mother's educational level

Percent receiving vaccines All

Characteristic BCG DPT (3) Polio (3)* Measles vaccines Total 84.9 64.1 73.6 70.9 54.8 Residence

Rural 81.7 59.3 68.8 67.3 50.0 Urban 92.6 75.3 84.9 79.3 65.9

Educational level None 66.7 47.1 55.9 52.9 39.3 Some primary 74.7 50.5 62.2 57.1 42.3 Completed primary 85.8 62.1 72.1 70.9 51.9 Secondary + 95.1 79.1 86.7 84.1 69.3

*The coverage for DPT for children without vaccination cards is assumed to be the same as that for polio when the mother has reported that her child has been vaccinated against polio.

9.2 Percentage of children younger than five years with diarrhea in two weeks prior to survey, and of those, percentage consulting health facility and percentage receiving oral rehydration therapy (ORT), by residence and mother's educational level

ORT Diarrhea in Consult In-

past two health ORS Other creased Characteristic weeks facility packets fluids fluids No ORT Total 10.4 54.2 47.7 40.4 57.0 15.1 Residence

Rural 10.9 55.0 48.8 40.1 55.5 14.8 Urban 9.1 51.5 44.2 41.2 61.7 15.9

Educational level None 8.9 39.7 45.7 33.6 40.2 23.4 Some primary 12.5 53.2 52.4 37.5 51.6 14.9 Completed primary 11.1 54.5 44.1 35.3 56.9 17.1 Secondary + 8.6 59.2 47.7 51.4 67.0 10.4

ORS = Oral rehydration salts.

Notes

1 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 1997 (Central Bureau of

Statistics, State Ministry of Population/National Family Planning Coordinating Board, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia, and Macro International, Calverton, MD, October 1998). The DHS used a nationally representative, community-based, stratified, weighted sample.

2 United Nations, "World population prospects 1990," Population Studies, No. 120 (1991).

3 World Bank, World Development Report, 1992 (New York: Oxford

University Press, 1992).

4 Key for educational levels: a = none; b = some primary; c = com-

pleted primary; d = secondary +.

This information was compiled by the Population Council in coopera- tion with Macro International, from the results of the Indonesia 1997

Demographic and Health Survey.

9.3 Percentage distribution of births in the five years prior to survey, by type of assistance during delivery, according to residence Type of assistance Rural Urban Total Doctor 1.5 7.9 3.2 Midwife 29.5 68.5 40.0 Traditional birth attendant 65.3 23.1 54.0 Relative/other 3.3 0.4 2.6 No one 0.3 0.1 0.3 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 (N) (11,844) (4,373) (16,217)

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