INDONESIA - Nura Tenggara Timur

ART GOLD Indonesia Programme

Nusa Ten

Provincial Development Guidelines 2009

ART GOLD Indonesia Programme

Tenggara Timur Province

Provincial Development Guidelines 2009Provincial Development Guidelines 2009

2

3

INDEX

1. Introduction

Background p. 4

Millennium Development Goals (MDG) p. 4

Methodology

p. 5

2. Nusa Tenggara Timur Province

p. 6

Profile of Nusa Tenggara Timur Province p. 7

1.1 Geography and Demographics p. 7

1.2 Provincial overview

p.8

Provincial Development Issues and Priorities p. 12

1.3 Provincial Development Issues p. 12

1.4 Provincial Priorities

p. 19

List of possible project

p. 20

3. Profile and Priorities in Districts

p. 23

Timor Tengah Selatan District p. 24

District profile p. 24

Priorities and Development Issues p. 25


p. 28

Flores Timur District p. 31


Priorities and Development Issues p.32


p.35

Sabu District p. 37


Priorities and Development Issues p.38

List of possible project p. 42

NTT Provincial Working Group p. 45

4

Introduction

Background

ART GOLD (Articulating Good Local Development) Programme is part of the initiative from the UNDP

Hub for Innovative Partnership. The programme encourages regional development and more effective

local government in the areas of local participation, local economic development, increasing access to

local services, including health and education. In Indonesia the ART GOLD Programme seeks to improve

the capacity of local government to provide greater services to the population and to meet the

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

The ART GOLD Indonesia Programme (AGI) is present in two provinces: Gorontalo and Nusa Tenggara

Timur (NTT).

Following a preparatory phase, activities in the NTT Province began in May 2009.

Since then, the Province has formalized, by decree, the construction of the Provincial Working Group,

which is working with the support of AGI Unit in Kupang. Three Districts have been selected for the

implementation of the Programme and first steps for the creation of District Working Groups have been

made.

This document consists of information collected at provincial level, as well from the three selected

Districts which will implement the Programme. Further, the document is designed to inform potential

partners of the development possibilities of the Province in the hope that international partnerships can

be achieved within the ART GOLD methodology.

Millennium Development Goals (MDG) to be achieved by 2015:

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

2. Achieve universal primary education

3. Promote gender equality and empower women

4. Reduce child mortality

5. Improve maternal health

6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

7. Ensure environmental sustainability

8. Promote a global partnership for development

5

Methodology

The Provincial Development Guidelines followed a process of consultation at the sub-District level by

way of community meetings with village heads, civil society, local government officials and interested

participants.

Further, the research encapsulated a process of collecting information by direct field visit. Next, the

data were collected and analyzed by the Provincial Working Group (PWG), which is comprised of

sectoral representatives from the provincial government, local university, and local NGOs working as a

unit to create a multi-sectoral document. The PWG also utilized the pre-existing plans created by the

different ministries and province.

Some of the members of the Provincial Working Group participated in field visits, meetings and

workshops at District, sub-District, village and community level:

In the District of Timor Tengah Selatan meetings were held in the sub-District of Amanuban

Tengah, Kie and Fatumnasi;

In the District of Flores Timur meetings were held in the Tanjung Bunga sub-District and in the

village of Bahinga;

In the District of Sabu Raijua meetings were held in the sub-District of Sabu Liae, Hawu Mehaia,

Sabu Timur and Sabu Tengah.

In the process of debate, data gathering, participatory analysis at multi-sectoral levels (Provincial,

District, sub-Distric and village), the main issues and priorities that emerged as central to local

development were Health, Education, Local Economy and Environment.

NUSA TENGGARA T

TIMUR PROVINCE

7

Profile of Nusa Tenggara Timur Province

Geography and Demographics

The Nusa Tenggara Timur territory is archipelagic and consists of 556 islands; 44 of which are inhabited.

The Province, which directly borders East Timor and Australia, has 21 Districts with a land area of 47,350

Km2 and a sea area of 200,000 Km2. it is mountainous in topography and has a semi arid climate. The

area has a short rainy season (3-4 months) with long dry season (8-9 months). Global climate change

has had a negative impact to this territory. It is predicted that El Nino will come to this area on

November 2009 and have the effect of prolonging the dry season, which is what occurred in 2005. This

event would have a big impact on the population, which is comprised mainly of farmers (70%).

The population in 2007 was 4,448,873 with growth of 1.82%. Population composition based on age

showed that the percentage of those aged 15-64 years was 57.15%, followed by those aged 0-14 at

37.84% and >65 years at 4.99%. The actual problem faced is that the productive population outweighs

the job availability; thus a real risk lies in the growing unemployment rate.

The province is located in the meeting area of the

continent plaques on the ring of fire. This location

puts NTT at high risk of earthquakes, tsunamis,

and volcano eruptions. The mountainous

topography also brings the risk of landslides and

high erosion.

Human Development Index (HDI) of the Province

in 2005 was 62.7 and increased to 63.6 in 2006

and 64.8 in 2007. The national HDI in 2007 was

70.1, this put the Province in the 31st rank of 33 provinces in Indonesia.

8

No District/

Municipality Area

(Km2) Sub-

District Villages Male Female Tot.Pop Household Pop

Density

1 Sumba Barat 737 5 53 54,323 50,600 104,923 19,488 142

2 Sumba Timur 7,001 22 156 116,571 106,545 223,116 44,048 32

3 Kupang 5,437 23 140 143,070 131,063 274,133 65,482 50

4 Timor Tengah Selatan 3,947 32 198 214,975 200,685 415,660 100,832 105

5 Timor Tengah Utara 2,670 9 174 105,830 105,520 211,350 49,760 79

6 Belu 2,446 24 208 207,006 210,998 418,004 86,848 171

7 Alor 2,865 17 175 89,029 89,935 178,964 40,000 62

8 Lembata 1,266 8 117 49,271 55,169 104,440 26,144 82

9 Flores Timur 1,813 18 213 108,771 121,147 229,918 50,064 127

10 Sikka 1,732 21 160 132,274 145,353 277,627 58,752 160

11 Ende 2,047 20 211 108,589 129,451 238,040 50,880 116

12 Ngada 1,621 9 94 64,093 67,372 131,465 26,368 81

13 Manggarai 4,189 6 140 251,573 252,590 504,163 99,552 120

14 Rote Ndao 1,280 8 80 58,415 54,138 112,553 28,128 88

15 Manggarai Barat 2,948 7 121 99,606 101,523 201,129 42,432 68

16 Sumba Barat Daya 1,445 8 96 132,907 123,054 255,961 23,968 177

17 Sumba Tengah 1,869 4 43 30,616 28,348 58,964 34,112 32

18 Nagakeo 1,417 7 93 58,942 64,232 123,174 24,384 87

19 Manggarai Timur* 7 93

20 Sabu Raijua 461 6 63 45,832 53,698 99,530 18,390 216

21 Kota Kupang 160 4 49 141,915 144,384 286,299 61,728 1,786

NTT 2007 47,350 265 2,677 2,213,608 2,235,265 4,448,873 951,360 94

*Data of Manggarai Timur, a new District, are still with the Manggarai District’s data

Source: Statistic Bureau of Nusa Tenggara Province, 2008 (adapted)

Provincial Overview

Education

Education developments between 2003-2008 show a significant increase, Most of the population of NTT has access to basic education. Generally, the participation rate at Elementary School, Junior High School, and Senior High School levels has increased in the last years.

Participation Rate at the Elementary School, Junior High School, and Senior High School

No Component 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007*)

1. Gross Participation Rate of Elementary School

92.18 99.53 107.84 112.28 114.20

2. Net Participation Rate of Elementary School

69.14 72.26 76.24 79.78 90.80

3. Gross Participation Rate of Junior High School

48.29 49.67 59.39 59.72 67.46

4. Net Participation Rate of Junior High School

32.02 32.71 39.36 46.24 52.23

5 Gross Participation Rate Senior High School

40.07 40.60 40.26 42.66 48.19

6 Net Participation Rate Senior High School

24.97 25.93 25.62 30.69 34.67

Source: Province Department of Education Youth and Sport, 2007

9

The high rate of participation at the Elementary level can be attributed to the distribution of schools in

the territory, with each village having at least an elementary school. Participation rates at higher

education levels show a notable decrease, which can mainly be attributed to the distance of the school,

lack of parental awareness about the importance of education and by the economic conditions of the

families.

Achieving a higher quality of education is a priority for the Province and Districts. Education personnel

require both an increase in numbers and capacity.

The percentage of teachers with High School classification working in Elementary Schools is 70.98%, in

Junior High School it is 12.37%, and in Senior High School it is 3.73%. Teachers with a university degree

classification working in Elementary Schools are 2.81% of the total, in Junior High Schools are 35.33% and

in Senior High School are 60.89%.

The infrastructure supporting the learning process such as laboratories, libraries, demonstration

models, and books of reference are also very limited. Better management of the educational database

is also needed to achieve better planning.

Health

While health services have shown

positive changes, the level of the health

conditions and development of the

people remains low. Life expectancy

has risen over the past few years (2004:

64.4; 2005: 64.9; 2006: 65.1) but is still

below the national rate (2006: 66.2).

The local situation illustrates a number

of problems: low community

awareness on clean and healthy

behavior, high rate of morbidity caused by infectious diseases, low quality of community nutrition

(2007: 37.80% of under five has moderate and sever malnourished), high mother mortality (2007:

306/100.000) and child mortality rate (2007: 57/1000). Community health problems are also related to

deficiencies in the local health system. The ratio of health personnel compared to the population is very

low (Medical Doctor in 2007 NTT: 12:100.000; National: 40/100.000) health infrastructure also needs to

be increased. The quality and specialization of the health personnel is still limited and the distribution is

not equal. Finally, the local health information system is not effective enough to be used optimally for

decision making and planning.

10

Economy

Economic development in the province faces many challenges. Economic growth has been fuelled by

consumption activity, however this has created a weak foundation for mid and long term economic

development.

This situation impacted the poverty rate of the population, which was 27.51% in 2007.

The Gross Domestic Regional Product is 3.6 million per capita, one third of the national figure. Economic

development indicated average yearly growth rate of 5% in 2005, 5.08% in 2006, 5.5% in 2007, but it had

low growth in 2008 and reached 3.59% in 2009.

It should also be noted that the open unemployment rate decreased from 5.4% in 2004 to 3.72% in 2007.

Agriculture and governmental service still dominate the economy of the Province. The role of

agricultural sector has tended to decrease and the role of the governmental services has increased, this

indicates low community and private sector investment in comparison to government investment.

Territorial infrastructure

The Province has 0.36 Km of roads for each Km2, and 60% of these roads are in bad

condition.

Each District has a harbor, however most require an increase or improvement in order to

support the 44 Islands. Currently, only Tenau seaport in Kupang has the status of

international seaport. Supporting the interprovincial transportation are 15 airports in the

15 Districts. The Provincial government has also given attention to the development of

the water catchment system by building water trappings, artificial lakes and systems for

irrigation. This sector still needs much improvement, as most of this Province is dry area.

Environment

The tendency of critical land to increase has been more rapid than the effort to rehabilitate the critical

area. Today the critical land area is calculated in 21.094.97 Km2, 45% of total land area; the forest area

that has changed to critical area is 35% of total forest area.

Local Government

In the last few years, the National Government has given most autonomy to local governments. There

are also new national regulations that made significant changes and impacted the entire governmental

system.

Local governments have had to change governance system in all aspects: institution, personnel

management, structure and infrastructure of provincial government, District government, sub-District

and village level, and also planning process, implementation and monitoring of the development

process. The provincial government is now in a transition period and is building new governance

according to the changed regulations.

An increase in capacity and ability of governmental officers is

one of the priorities of the Province, with the aim of achieving

good and clean government. The following figures show

qualification level rates of government officers: Elementary

School 2.68%, Junior High School 3.23%, Senior High School:

47.32%, Diploma: 10.31%, Bachelor 32.44%, Master degree 3.97%

and Doctoral degree 0.086%. The provincial structure is

organized into three main sectors: the provincial Secretariat and bureaus that support the Governor,

the sectoral Dinas (Departments), and other bodies, agencies and technical Institutions. Provincial

Development Planning Body (BAPPEDA), one of the governmental agencies, is the main counterpart for

AGI Programme. The following is the list of the existing provincial Departments and Agencies:

Industry and Trade

Transportation

Communication and Information

Provincial Development Issues and Priorities

Governor

Vice Governor

Provincial Secretary

Assistant of Governance

and Welfare Assistant of

Economic and Development

Assistant of Public

Administration

Provincial Body/Office/ technical Institution:

Inspectorate

Training and Research Body

Village Community Empowerment Body

Environment Body

Nation Unity, Politic, and Community Protection Body

Achieve Body

Food Security and Extension Worker

Province Library

Civil Police (Polisi Pamong Praja)

Electronic Data Processing Office

Liaison Office

Parliament Secretariat

National Family Planning Coordination Body

Statistic Center Body

General Hospital

Bank of Nusa Tenggara Timur

Provincial Department

Marine and Fisheries

Livestock

Forestry

Public Works

Local Revenue and asset

Culture and Tourism

Energy and Mining

Health

Social

Education, Youth, and Sport

Industry and Trade

Labor and Transmigration

Cooperative, Micro, Small, Medium Enterprise

Transportation

Communication and Information

Provincial Secretariat

Bureau

Bureau of Governance

Bureau of Law

Bureau of Economy

Bureau of Development Administration

Bureau of Welfare

Bureau of Woman Empowerment

Bureau of Human Resource

Bureau of Finance

Bureau of Organization

Governor

Vice Governor

12

Provincial Development Issues

Education

Since one of the main development problems in the area is a lack of capacity, knowledge and

specialization, improving the quality of education is obviously a main priority. However, improvement is

hampered by a number of factors, such as the limited economic resources available and the

geographical conformation of the territory in which distances are enlarged by mountainous

conformations and bad conditions or absence of road connection.

The sector presents the following problems:

� The number of teacher cannot cover the students’ needs: often classes have a high number of

students and the teacher must conduct classes of different levels at the same time and cover all

disciplines;

� The quality of training and capacity of qualified human resources is low;

� There is a lack in facilities and structures: usually the number of books is minimal with books

sometimes only being available for teachers. Many schools have problems obtaining laboratory

equipment and teaching material; students also have problems in buying stationary and

equipment due to the economic condition of families;

� There is a considerable drop out from school, especially after the elementary level: this is due to

three main factors:

- Family economic condition;

- Absence of awareness of the importance of education: many families cannot see the

advantage of sending their children to school, and often don’t support and encourage

their attendance. This is connected with the common problem of child labour;

- Distance of high school infrastructure from homes: the provincial Government is trying

to reduce this problem with the One roof school program that aims to join, in some

remote areas, primary and secondary school levels into one structure.

Vocational Schools

There are many vocational and professional

schools present. However, the quality of training

and programs adopted is low and in many cases

they are not linked with concrete applications.

This is unfortunate, as they represent a big

opportunity for the territory to prepare future

workers in many sectors (e.g. fishery, agriculture,

livestock, construction, automotives, computer

science, economics and accounting),

Universities

13

The center of high education for the Province is in Kupang. There are some universities and academies

managed by Government, private and religious institutions (Catholic, Protestant and Muslim). The

largest state University is Universitas Nusa Cendana. The University has faculties on agriculture,

education, social science, technical science, medicine and public health. The government also manages

some academies related to health; these include academies for nurses, sanitation, and midwifery. There

are also some university and academies in some Districts of the Province. These higher education

institutions are expected to produce high quality students with limited lecturers and other supporting

facilities.

Health

This is a strategic issue faced by the Province. Health development cannot reach a high quality, as it

cannot access the entire population, especially those in the border areas, islands and other remote

areas. Thus, the health status of the population in general is still low. The infant and mother mortality

rate is still high (57/1000 and 306/100.000) and the prevalence of moderate and severe malnutrition in

under-5s is also still high.

Highest health problems are ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection) and malaria (this is an endemic area).

Some diseases are also re-emerging (tuberculoses, rabies, diarrhea, HIV-AIDS) and frequent natural

disasters also have consequences on the health of the people.

Control, surveillance and the accountability system of

provincial Health Department is inadequate due to a lack

of data-information and capacity in the planning section.

There is also a deficiency in the number and quality of

personnel and difficulties in implementing specific health

development and research. The capacity building of

health personnel is also still low and the availability of

health personnel is still inadequate in number, variety,

quality, and distribution. Also, the support from other

development actors to this sector is not optimal.

The main points of the provincial health program from 2009-2013 will be:

- Public health - Improving community nutrition - Prevention and elimination of diseases - Health financing - Improving health resources - Improving health development policy and management - Health research and development - Cross sector and territorial cooperation - Improving personal health status - Medicine and health tools provision - Surveillance on drugs and food - Health promotion and community development - Sanitation (healthy environment)

- Health education.

Economy

14

Agriculture

The agricultural sector represents 41% of the domestic regional product.

The NTT Province has considered, in its five-year plan, 4 mains areas to be vital for its local economy:

� Corn

� Livestock

� Sandalwood

� Cooperative

The Province is implementing a plan to reintroduce corn plantations and to promote this product as

fundamental both for production and alimentation. Corn has actually been substituted by rice in the

local diet, but the local rice production cannot cover the demand, thus it is mostly imported.

Breeding and livestock sector is fundamental to the domestic economy, almost all families have

livestock (cows, goats, pig, water buffalo), but there are inadequate techniques of management and

reproduction. If communities and local governments were empowered to create cooperatives,

networks and capacity building in this sector, it would improve the number and quality of livestock.

The traditional way of livestock management, which involves leaving the animals in open space without

control, has consequences on the health of the animals, on the control of animal diseases and on the

local effort for reforestation.

Cooperative

While cooperative activities are considered a key

element for local economic development, the

capacity for developing and expanding cooperatives

is still weak. Many workers that would like to increase

their product value, their specific skills and their

capacity to connect to the market, have no

knowledge or abilities on how to organize and

manage a cooperative.

Based on the local needs and on structure and actions carried out by the provincial Department for

Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, the actions supporting the development of this

sector can be summarized as follows:

1. Integrated program Integrating micro, small and medium scale enterprises into cooperative

Integrating community’s productive enterprises into cooperative

2. Human resources and Management capacity empowerment program

Competency based training for cooperative management

Entrepreneurship training for entrepreneur/cooperative member candidates

Technical Guide, comparative study

3. Program on Cooperative capital resources empowerment

Access to capital resources with easy requirements such as low interest, easy to gain (for financial service, productive and distributive cooperatives)

Fishery and marine

15

The NTT Province is waiting to be recognized on a

national level as an archipelago Province. Fishery and

activities of sea farming, especially pearl and alga (sea

weed: eucheuma cotonii) have, due to the geographical

conformation of the area and the richness of the sea, an

enormous potential. However, the level of organization,

infrastructure and human capacity in this sector needs to

be increased. Fisheries remain, in most cases, a home

activity, practiced without particular skill or equipment

and, due to the condition of the network of

infrastructure, without access to market.

Statistics supporting the fishing industry’s expansion are

as follows:

� Less than the 34% of the potential in fishery is

used;

� Only 5% of the population is working in this

sector;

� Only an area of less of 20 miles from the cost is

used.

The Provincial government is enacting a policy to improve the quality of products by training workers

about the importance of adequate hygienic procedure and standards and by providing equipment to

process and maintain sea products, however the quality level remains quite low. Also, the alga (used for

alimentation and the cosmetic industry) and pearl farming industries have high potential.

The products of the fisheries could represent a valuable resource for families as a means of increasing

the quality of alimentation. However, food security is still not viewed as a priority and, due to extremely

impoverished conditions, the best products are often sold.

Industry and trade

Industry still plays a minor role in the local economy and the development of the industries based on

natural resources is still minimal.

The program developed by the provincial Department in this sector includes:

Development of the small and medium industry

Increasing capacity on the technology for industry

Supporting the management of industry structures

Other important objectives are to increase the competitive value of products (there is currently a low

competitiveness of industrial products), to increase communities and people’s entrepreneurship in

order to develop industry at the medium and large levels, to create mechanisms to process the local

products on site, and to connect local economic activities with the market.

In the trade sector the Province aims to improve exports (strictly linked to the rise of quality of the

products), increase consumer protection and to improve the efficiency in country trading.

16

Environment

Water crisis

Rainy season in NTT lasts for four months with eight months of dry

season. Water fall is calculated 16 billion m3 per year, but water

infrastructures are not yet capable of create adequate reserves for

the dry season (only 5 billion m3 of water is available, but 8 billion m3

is needed to supply local needs).

The Province has inserted in its plan of development between 2008-

2013 the construction of 1.000 artificial lakes. Actors of international

cooperation are also contributing to this essential issue. Where these

lakes are present, educating communities on how to use and

manage these lakes could ensure their sustainability.

Desertification

Some areas of the NTT Province, especially the southern islands

(Sumba, Sabu, Rote and Timor) are exposed to a great risk due to

desertification of land. The main causes are the long period of dry

season, the lack of infrastructure to collect and distribute water, logging for energy and construction

and the use of slash & burn practices.

Slash & burn is a local practice used in farming: farmers cut trees and plants and burn the land in order

to clean and prepare it for seeding. It is used both for preparing land usually used for farming, and to

open forest to obtain new land for farming.

The Province is carrying out actions of reforestation with Departments of Environment and Forestry and

information and socialization with local communities about regulations and the risks associated with

the slash & burn practice.

Waste management

The Province would need implants for processing waste and garbage. The main center and cities have

public services that collect and transfer it in the dump but the waste is then burned in open air. In sub-

Districts and Villages the common practice is to burn garbage produced.

Province and Districts aim to implement action in this sector, and ask for the technical contribution of

international cooperations.

Mining and Energy

Fossil energy is used to cover the needs of the entire population. The Province is interested in

developing renewable energy and hopes to receive technical support in this sector. A feasibility study is

underway in Flores Island into the use of geothermal energy. Some islands also present good conditions

for Aeolian implants (e.g. Sabu Island), and there has also been some experience in bio-gas production.

17

Many of the islands of the area are rich in mineral resources (manganese, chopper, iron, marble,

limestone, clay and, in minor quantities, silver, gold and nickel). In some Districts it is common to find

abandoned illegal mines; this is due to lack of control and local regulation.

Infrastructure

Provincial and districts departments are working to provide water access and electricity for

communities and villages; at the moment 61% of the population is not reached by electricity and most of

the decentralized villages and communities and have no direct connection to water.

The construction of big and small structures and infrastructure to maintain water in the dry season,

construction electric lines and the integration of systems for the production of alternative energy (bio-

gas, solar energy, Aeolian energy) are basic issues.

It is calculated that more than 60% of roads (including national provincial, and districts roads) are in bad

condition. Improving the quality of streets and connections is a strategic issue that will improve health

conditions, education and the economy of local communities.

Tourism and Culture

The Province has much cultural and natural

potential for tourism. Potential areas include

marine tourism (diving, surfing), eco tourism

(tracking, forest, lake, mountain), cultural and

religion tourism (ritual ceremony), and special

interest tourism (fishing). One of the assets for

tourism, the Komodo dragon, has been nominated

to be one of the new seven wonders. The tourism

and culture sector has not yet been developed

with little attention being paid to improving and

developing local culture and natural potentialities.

Access to the tourist destinations is difficult due to the limited means of transportation and bad road

conditions. Other supporting infrastructure (clean water, electricity, telecommunication,

accommodation facility) is also limited. The Province has not yet created a strategy for tourism

marketing development, as it is constrained by low capacity of human resources, bureaucracy, and lack

of potential tourism partnerships.

NGO, International Cooperation and BAPPEDA Joint Secretariat

The BAPPEDA Agency for Development Planning has, at provincial level and in some cases at district

level, a Joint Secretariat whose principal aim is to support and coordinate the interventions of the

international cooperation in NTT.

The Joint Secretariat, that actively collaborates with AGI and is represented in the Provincial Working

Group, has mapped the presence of international NGOs, UN Agencies, and other actors that work in

NTT as follows:

18

The NGO tissue

About 500 NGOs are present in NTT Province. Many are active in the identified sectors of intervention:

community development, advocacy, environment, agriculture, fisheries, human resource

empowerment, villages and communities management at planning and financial level, participatory

planning, economic empowerment, local institution empowerment, gender issue, disaster

management, health (including mother and children health, HIV focus) and other.

NGOs try to strengthen community institution in the village by supporting farmers groups,

cooperatives, and other community organization. They usually train staff to give continuous support to

communities and also prepare an exit strategy, so that when programs and actions end communities

can give continuity to them. NGOs tissue can ensure a deep and qualified connection with local

communities when giving assistance.

In the last years, some NGOs have begun to collaborate with the Government in assisting its policy and

strategies.

One of NGOs main beliefs is that sustainability of actions and programs can only be ensured by

integrating community capacity building as a crucial factor (especially supporting technical and specialty

skills, management in organization and financial aspects, network development and knowledge about

evaluation).

19

Provincial Priorities

1. Improving education quality a. Improving education quality at all sectors and levels b. Improving education to ensure it has relevance and compatibility with global

environments c. Developing efficient education management d. Increasing community participation in education implementation

2. Developing Health Sectors a. Improving community health status b. Improving the effective works of the health institution c. Improving community health services d. Improving community health behavior

3. Economic development a. Improving the labor force quality b. Creating more work opportunities c. Revitalization of the economic institution d. Increasing production and stabilizing the price of the community production

4. Infrastructure development a. Improving the development quality and rehabilitation of the transportation-

communication infrastructure to facilitate development of economy and human resources

b. Increasing the development and rehabilitation of the water sources infrastructure, irrigation, and dam.

c. Increasing the development of the electricity system and sustainable source of energy. d. Increasing the development of the economy infrastructure

5. Improving local law system and justice a. Increasing community law awareness b. Revitalization and functional of law enforcement institution c. Developing and renewing the local regulation to be more responsive and participative. d. Increasing community awareness on human rights issues e. Developing the bureaucratic law culture for creating clean government and free of KKN

(corruption, collusion, and nepotism) 6. Consolidate the spatial planning and environment management

a. Consolidate the territorial/spatial planning b. Increasing monitoring, surveillance, and spatial management regulation c. Increasing environment protection and conservation in relation to sustainable

development 7. Improving living conditions, the role of women, child welfare and youth participation

a. Increasing the woman empowerment to make gender balance and justice a reality b. Increasing the protection and welfare assurance of children c. Increasing support for youth

8. Special agenda: a. Poverty alleviation b. Border area management c. Development of archipelago province d. Disaster management

20

Based on findings at District, sub-District and village level, on Provincial and District’s plan and on issues, problems, and priority just

expressed in this document, these are some proposition for the insertion of the International Cooperation in the local needs and plans.

Some possible actions

Beneficiaries

MDG Millennium

Development Goals

Local counterpart

Governance and decentralization Empower BAPPEDA civil servant on territorial and town planning

Provincial Departments Planning Unit, provincial Department for Public Works, civil servant of provincial and district BAPPEDA, provincial Parliament members

MDG: 1,3,7,8 BAPPEDA, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Support provincial and district Departments to develop good strategy and practice in waste management

Technicians of the Public Works Department, and civil servant of provincial Health Department, specific programs units

MDG: 4,5,7,8 Badan Environment body, public Work Department, provincial Health Department, Municipal Dinas Kebersihan

Support local service dedicated to new industry and economic activities for organizing in one easy access structure

Public workers of Economic Bureau of Governor office, civil servant of the provincial Trade and Industry Department and provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, new entrepreneur

MDG: 1,3,8 Economic Bureau of Governor office, provincial Trade and Industry Department, provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise

Support local technicians in planning new implants for water connection and valorizing the natural water sources present in the areas

Local technicians of provincial Department for Public Works and Clean Water Enterprise

MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Public Works, local governmental Clean Water Enterprise, AMPL (Clean Water and Sanitation) working group

Support the local provincial Disaster Management Body with expertise and new techniques

Civil servant of provincial Disaster Management Body, the whole population

MDG:8,7 Provincial Disaster Management Body

Increase capacity building and strategy planning of Family Planning

Civil servant of BKKBN, provincial Health Department, Woman Empowerment Bureau

MDG: 3,4,5,6,8 BKKBN, Family Planning National Coordination Body, Health Department, Woman Empowerment Bureau

Improve provincial BAPPEDA capacity planning concerning the archipelago development

Civil servant of provincial BAPPEDA MGD: 1,3,7,8 Provincial BAPPEDA, Governance Bureau

21

Social Service Support provincial program for scholarship Students MDG: 2,3,8 Provincial Department of Education,

Welfare Bureau

Support provincial Department of Education in the program of One roof school to contribute to reduce distance between children and schools

Students MDG: 2,8 Provincial Department of Education

Create scholarship on medicine studies for students of remote areas, especially for women at university and post university level.

Students, women, population of target areas

MDG: 3,4,5,6,8 Provincial Department of Health

Create scholarship on teaching studies for students of remote areas

Students, population of target areas MDG: 2,3,8 Provincial Department for Education

Support the provincial Department of Health, local academies and local University to increase quality of health services in districts

Medical and paramedical staff MDG: 3,4,5,6,8 Department of Health, local academies and local University

Increase the quality of paramedical training and capacity building through formal and non formal education

Midwives, nurses and sanitation officer and other paramedical assistants

MDG: 3,4,5,6,8 Provincial Department of Health, Hospital and districts health centers (Puskesmas)

Support the provincial Department of Health increasing the number of paramedical staff in Districts and sub-Districts

Provincial Department of Health, nurse, midwives, other paramedical staff, population of target areas

MDG: 1,3,4,5,6,8 Provincial and District Department of Health, local Puskesmas

Empower the management capacity of public health structures (Hospital and Puskesmas)

Directors and management staff of Hospitals and Puskesmas

MDG: 4,5,6,8 Provincial Department of Health, Hospitals and Puskesmas

Support the Province in creating actions for prevention of children exploitation, abuse and child labor

Civil servant of provincial Commission for Child Protection and of Provincial Women empowerment bureau, children

MDG: 1,2,4,8 Provincial Commission for Child Protection, provincial Women empowerment Bureau, labor Department, local NGOs, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Local Economy Support local communities with economic and cooperative capacity building; assist Groups of workers in the process of formalization and legalization of their status

Informal groups of workers at sub-District and village level

MDG: 1,3,8 Provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, Local NGO, Network of Farmer in Timur, Flores, Sabu and Rote island, VECO NGO, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

22

Increase the provincial capacity to valorize local productions and to link with external market

Civil servant of provincial Department for Industry and Trade

MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Industry and Trade, provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, local NGOs

Support the Provincial Department for Agriculture developing new policies and techniques for increasing corn, cocoa and cashew nut production

Civil Servant of provincial Department for Agriculture

MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Agriculture, local University, BPTP (Institution for Agriculture Technical Development)

Support the provincial Department for Agriculture developing new techniques for irrigation

Civil Servant of provincial Department for Agriculture, technicians of BPTP (Institution for Agriculture Technical Development)

MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Agriculture, local University, BPTP (Institution for Agriculture Technical Development)

Support the provincial Department for Livestock in developing livestock centers for research, selection and assistance

Civil Servant of provincial Department for Livestock

MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Livestock, local University

Support the provincial and district Departments of Infrastructures in improving roads connection, irrigation and artificial lake system

Civil servant of provincial Department for Infrastructure

MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Infrastructure

Environment Empower local technicians on the use of renewable energies (solar, Aeolian, biogas, and others) and create pilot implants

Civil servant and technicians of the provincial Department of Mining and Energy, Environment, Public Works

MDG: 3,7,8 Provincial Department of Mining and Energy, provincial Department for Environment, local University provincial Department for Agriculture, provincial Development for Livestock

Increase the quality of the system of collection and distribution of water

Local technicians of provincial Department for Public Works, Environment and Forestry

MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Public Works, provincial Department for Environment, provincial Department for Forestry, GTZ cooperation, ACF (Action contre la Faim) NGO, AMPL (Clean Water and Sanitation) working group

Support local Department of Forestry, especially in the protection of water sources areas

Local technicians and civil servant of provincial Department for Forestry and Environment

MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Forestry, provincial Department for Environment

Support provincial Departments in creating an integrate strategy to front climate changes

Parliament members, civil servants of provincial Departments

MDG: 1,7,8 Provincial Departments of Mining and Energy, Forestry and provincial Environmental Body

PROFILE AND PRIORITIES IN RIORITIES IN DISTRICTS

23

District

District profile

The District of Timor Tengah Selatan is placed in the central part of

3.947 km2 with 21 sub-Districts and 234 Villages and has a population of 414.106.

No Sub-District Area(Km2)

1 Mollo Utara 32,200

2 Fatumnasi 32,000

3 Mollo Selatan 42,950

4 Pollen 26,400

5 Kota SoE 2,090

6 Amanuban Barat 22,930

7 Batu Putih 10,210

8 Amanuban Selatan 29,200

9 Kuanfatu 26,700

10 Kualin 23,700

11 Amanuban Tengah 12,500

12 Oenino 11,400

13 Kolbano 21,600

14 Amanuban Timur 22,400

15 KiE 14,500

16 Kot'olin 6,000

17 Amanatun Selatan 12,700

18 Nunkolo 10,600

19 Boking 10,800

20 Amanatun Utara 14,120

21 Toianas 9,700

TTS 394,700

Source: Statistic bureau of TTS, 2008

The population is growing fast; only 29.736 person

in rural zones. Most of the population is Christian.

Many of the Villages suffer for extreme poverty

development index for this district in 2007 wa

District of Timor Tengah Selatan

The District of Timor Tengah Selatan is placed in the central part of the Timor Island. It covers an area of

and 234 Villages and has a population of 414.106.

Village Male Female Tot. pop. Household

15 4,990 14,751 29,741

9 9,859 9,630 19,489

18 13,097 12,551 25,648

10 6,236 6,151 12,387

13 17,355 17,152 34,507

14 15,940 15,562 31,502

7 5,745 5,414 11,159

15 16,913 17,036 33,949

8 9,565 9,517 19,082

7 9,174 8,994 18,168

10 6,222 6,206 12,428

7 4,632 4,738 9,370

11 9,319 9,325 18,644

18 13,664 14,003 27,667

11 8,812 9,656 18,468

8 4,689 5,202 9,891

13 8,462 9,250 17,712

9 6,287 7,081 13,368

14 10,462 11,256 21,718

10 9,512 10,065 19,577

7 6,028 6,373 12,401

234 206,963 209,913 416,876

growing fast; only 29.736 persons live in urban areas, while the remaining 384.370 live

. Most of the population is Christian.

Many of the Villages suffer for extreme poverty and lack access to water and electricity. The h

for this district in 2007 was 64.46 (NTT: 65.36).

24

the Timor Island. It covers an area of

ousehold

Pop Density

6,958 92

4,802 61

6,361 60

3,286 47

7,228 1,651

7,934 137

2,858 109

8,426 116

4,541 71

4,395 77

3,325 99

2,549 82

5,009 86

7,688 124

5,187 127

2,748 165

4,965 139

3,479 126

6,103 201

5,364 139

3,389 128

106,595 106

the remaining 384.370 live

electricity. The human

25

The District has a highland area (Mutis) that reaches 2250 m, most of which is within a National Reserve.

This upper area is crucial for the water access of the whole District and other Districts. The Mutis area is

has two largest river basins in Timor, Noelmina (2150 km2) and Benanain (3750 km). The high land has

more rainfall in a year compared with other areas, which are generally very low.

Additional information about the District:

• People with Health Insurance Card Propriety 20, 38% • People with Rice Insurance 88,44% • Number of person with more than 10 years old illiterate 13,84% (18,46% women, 9,37% man) • Representative in TTS Parliament: 31 man, 4 women • The 23 Camat, (Head of sub-village) are all man

• 0.26% of people has a Computer and less that 10% has a telephone or cellular phone.

•

Priorities and Development Issues

Main priorities of the District are related to Health, Education, Infrastructure, and Environment.

Health

In the District, mother and infant mortality rates are high, with the infant mortality rate reaching

134/1000. Causes are related to nutrition, lack of access to clean water, difficulty accessing health

services and lack of information.

Principal diseases are ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection), malaria, skin disease and diarrhea.

The number of medical and paramedical staff cannot cover the needs of the whole population. 23

Community Health Centers, 2 hospitals and 26 doctors (including dentists) must cover the needs of the

entire district. The next projection shows the access of the population to Local Health Centers.

26

In Villages where a midwife is present, mother and infant mortality rates have the tendency to decrease.

Though, many babies’ deliveries are still not assisted. Also, despite the presence of structures, not all

Village Health centers (Polindes) are active. Education

The issue of school dropouts is a problem, with few

students continuing their studies onto high school

and University. This is mainly due to distance from

schools infrastructure and the economic condition

of families. The number of the teachers and the

quality of their training level also cannot fulfill the

needs of the education system.

Many schools lack basic tools and equipment like

books and libraries. Community awareness on the

importance of education needs to be improved.

Child labor also contributes to the early dropout

rate.

Environment

The District suffers from a high level of

deforestation. The main consequences are a

high risk of landslides and an increase in the

desertification process. There is also large use

of the slash and burn technique.

Environmental problems are strictly related

with culture, traditional behavior, knowledge/

understanding on environmental issues and

27

difficulties in developing a sustainable approach to environment.

The waste collection is present only in the city of Soe; there are no waste management systems, so the

waste is burned in open air.

Infrastructures

Lack of access to water is due to climate conditions and lack of infrastructure for water reserves and

distribution.

50% of the roads are in bad condition, and the situation worsens during the rainy season. Difficulties in

communication and transportation affect a number of sectors (health access, education, economy of

communities). Despite this great need, only District resources can only cover some of these sectors of

intervention.

Electricity only reaches some parts of villages and communities. Districts and communities are trying to

implement pilot systems for renewable energy, and are interested in developing this sector, though

they have limited resources.

Structural problems present difficulties in community housing. The District Government is enacting a

plan to help the community provide proper construction for domestic use. However, many families are

still living in traditional lopo, which also has damaging effects on health (particularly ARI).

Economy

The local economy is based on agriculture and livestock. This is mainly carried out via home production

and home industry. Producers usually do not have adequate knowledge and resources to join in

cooperative structures and to directly connect with the market.

Mining activities are present all over TTS territory; the soil is particularly rich with manganese, color

stone and marble. District Government hasn’t yet set regulations to control mining activities and the

presence of large mining works sometimes creates conflict with the local population.

Workers lack capacity in joining cooperatives and groups, which influences the capacity of people to

valorize their work and products. The provincial Government is implementing actions to help informal

groups of workers legalize their groups in a cooperative way. Departments of Cooperative and Trade

and Industry are joined at District level into one structure, so concrete action can be taken in this field.

The livestock sector, which in the past was a big resource

for this area and contributed greatly to household

economy, is nowadays suffering from lack of knowledge,

infrastructure, research and assistance. Usually the fertile

livestock and animals in good condition are sold; thus the

remaining animals are no longer fertile.

Extension workers, who must connect at district level

with communities and villages usually move from one

sector to another; this creates a dispersion of skills and

capacities.

28



Example of possible actions

Beneficiaries

MDG Millennium

Development Goals

Local counterpart

Governance and decentralization Support to local Department expertise in the field of water saving (dams, artificial lakes, links and infrastructures)

Districts technicians, population without access to water

MDG: 1,4,5,7,8 BAPPEDA, district Department of Infrastructures

Support local planning unit in developing integrated planning, using updated data of GIS system.

BAPPEDA territorial planning section

MDG: 1,3,4,5,6,7,8 BAPPEDA, District’s planning unit

Support the Local Government with expertise in the field of renewable energies; make analysis, create pilot projects

BAPPEDA, districts Departments MDG: 4,5,7,8 BAPPEDA, districts Departments

Local Civil Servants empowerment on waste processing

District Department of Housing, MDG: 4,5,7,8 BAPPEDA, Department of Housing

Social Services

Create campaign to inform population about proper health behavior

Villages, local communities MDG: 4,5,6,7 BAPPEDA, local NGO’s, BPMD (village and communities Development Body)

Support the Local Health Center with equipment Local Health Center MDG: 4,5,6 District Department of Health

Support the creation and assumption of new qualified heath personal with scholarship

Provincial and district Department of Health, Local Health University

MDG: 3, 5, 5, 6 District Department of Health

Equip Local Health Center, schools and communities with solar implants

Local Communities, District civil servant of Department of Health, Department of Energy, Department for Infrastructures

MDG: 2,4,5,7 Department of Health, Department of Energy, Department for Infrastructures, communities, villages, local Committees, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

29

Local Economy

Support local communities with economic and cooperative capacity building; assist groups of workers in the process of formalization and legalization of their status

Informal groups of workers at sub-District and village level, TTS Network of Farmer

MDG: 1, 3, 8 DEKOPIN (Public Consortium of Cooperative at national level) DEKOPINWIL, (Public Consortium of Cooperative at provincial Level) DEKOPINDA (Public Consortium of Cooperative at district level) LAPENKOP (Training Institute for Cooperative) Provincial Department of Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, Local NGO, Groups of workers, TTS Network of Farmer, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Support Fatumnasi District, Nenas Village and the Local Farmer Network to identify and solve problems that affect their cultivation

Groups of Workers and their families

MDG: 1,7,8, BAPPEDA, district Department for Agriculture, TTS Farmer Network, local University, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Support to the TTS Farmer Network to create a Secretariat to join, coordinate and inform

Groups of Workers and their families

MDG: 1,7,8, BAPPEDA, Farmer Network, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Create a center for research and management for livestock quality at District Level

District Livestock Department, livestock farmer

MDG: 1,7,8 District Livestock Department, communities, local university

Support local Group of Workers in honey production

Local Groups of Workers and their families

MDG: 1,3,7,8 Provincial Department of Industry and Trade, provincial Department of Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, Local, WWF, other local NGO, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Environment

Community capacity building about how to produce fertilizer with organic waste

Communities, villages MDG: 7 Department of Agriculture and Housing Department, WWF, other local NGO, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Support the District in developing a planning and Civil servant of district Department MDG: 4,5,7,8 Local BAPPEDA and district

30

expertise for an system of waste management and processing

of Housing, BAPPEDA Department of Housing

Cross sector

Create a pilot intervention in the Belle Village at cross sector level: water access, activities for reforestation, support to the creation of cooperative, increase community knowledge about proper behavior that can affect health conditions, capacity building in livestock management, development of solar energy implant, biogas, women empowerment

Belle village population MDG: 1,3,4,5,6,7 Provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise, districts Departments, Belle Village, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

District

District profile

The District of Flores Timur is placed in the Eastern part of Flores Island. It covers an area of

Km2, (land: 1.812,85 Km2 or 31 % and sea: 4,170.53 Km

18 sub-Districts and 226 Villages and has a population of 228,099.

No Sub-District Km2

1 Wulanggitang 255.96

2 Titehena 211.7

3 Ilebura 48.53

4 Tanjung Bunga 234.55

5 Lewolema 108.61

6 Larantuka 75.91

7 Ile Mandiri 72.24

8 Demon Pagong 57.37

9 Solor Barat 150.68

10 Solor Timur 75.66

11 Adonara Barat 55.97

12 Wotanulumado 75.81

13 Adonara Tengah 57.99

14 Adonara Timur 108.94

15 Ile Boleng 51.39

16 Witihama 77.97

17 Kelubagolit 42.12

18 Adonara 46.45

Flores Timur 1807.85

Source: Statistic bureau of Flores Timur, 2008

District of Flores Timur

The District of Flores Timur is placed in the Eastern part of Flores Island. It covers an area of

or 31 % and sea: 4,170.53 Km2 or 69 %). The district is administratively divided into

Districts and 226 Villages and has a population of 228,099.

Village Male Female Tot. pop. HH

10 6,523 6,610 13,133 2915

12 5,688 6,036 11,724 2913

5 3,018 3,293 6,311 1484

14 5,526 5,866 11,392 2426

7 3,908 4,225 8,133 1795

16 6,557 16,957 33,514 7107

8 4,492 4,505 8,997 2061

6 2,071 2,259 4,330 1059

18 5,820 6,988 12,808 3070

19 6,628 7,792 14,420 3691

16 5,373 5,756 11,129 2500

12 3,864 4,003 7,867 1866

12 5,477 5,756 11,233 2596

19 12,430 13,858 26,288 6362

20 6,443 7,711 14,154 4155

13 6,689 7,673 14,362 4215

12 4,571 5,498 10,069 3042

7 4,527 5,145 9,672 2533

226 109,605 119,931 229,536 55,790

Source: Statistic bureau of Flores Timur, 2008

31

The District of Flores Timur is placed in the Eastern part of Flores Island. It covers an area of 5,963.38

The district is administratively divided into

HH Pop Density

2915 51.31

2913 55.38

1484 130.04

2426 48.57

1795 74.88

7107 441.50

2061 124.54

1059 75.47

3070 85.00

3691 190.59

2500 198.84

1866 103.77

2596 193.71

6362 241.31

4155 275.42

4215 184.20

3042 239.06

2533 208.22

55,790 126.97

32

Flores Timur district has 4 volcanoes, Gunung

Lewotobi laki-laki (1,584 m), Gunung Lewotobi

Perempuan (1,703 m), Gunung Leraboleng

(1,117 m), and Gunung Ile Boleng (1,659 m). The

district has dry a climate with average rainfall

of 1,263 mm/year and rain 60-150 days /year.

The District includes the eastern part of Flores

Island, the island of Adonara and Solor and

other small islands. Most of the population is

Catholic, followed by Muslim.

The District’s economy is based mainly on

fishery, sea farming, agriculture and livestock. Access to this District is mainly by road from the main

Flores Island, by air to the airport of Gewayantana, and by the seaport of Larantuka. There are also

smaller seaports around the islands.


The main priorities of the District are related to Health, Education, Infrastructure, Food and Nutrition

Security.

Health

Mother and infant mortality rates are high

compared with both national and Provincial

standards. Mother mortality rate in 2008 was

317/100.000. Lack of health personnel and

centers and food insecurity seem to be the

main causes. In villages where a midwife is

present in the local health center the rates are

lower, however only some villages offer this

service. Also, the quality of health personnel is

often low.

The main health problems are ARI (Acute

Respiratory Infections), malaria and HIV.

Leprosy is still present in this area, 88 new

cases of leprosy where registered in 2009, with

increasing numbers over the last years.

The main problems regarding health services

are lack of qualified personnel, lack of

equipment, lack of access to water for local

33

health centers and lack of adequate structures. Many villages, especially the remote ones, have great

difficulties in reaching local health centers. Lack of community knowledge on health issues and poor

economic conditions also contribute to the health problem.

Education

School infrastructure and classrooms as well as

the number of teachers, cannot cover local

need.

Also, the quality of education and school

management needs to be increased.

Due to these problems and a lack of awareness

of communities about the importance of

education, many children drop out of school

early with rates of students that reach high

school level very low. The drop out rate

between Elementary School and Junior high School can often be attributed to the distance and the

student’s family economic situation (usually the junior high school is located in the capital of sub-District

or District).

Women have less opportunity than men to achieve high level of education.

The District Government supports only two kindergartens and another 160 structures have been

established by private sector. Some professional schools are present in the District area; to support the

quality of their training could help to solve the problem of unemployment.

Infrastructures

Only 40-50% of the population has direct access to clean water. The area has many natural water

sources (only 26 of the 281 are actually used: though some have little water debit and some are located

at low areas with difficult access) and lakes, but there is a lack of water connection and infrastructure.

Electricity cannot reach the entire population. Some communities and villages are willing to share the

costs of electrical mini-plants and would like

training in managing them for their sustainability.

Communities are also interested in the possible

use of renewable energy.

30% of houses do not meet the required health

standard.

Communication and transportation are a big

problem: 70% of the 500 Km of roads in Flores

Timur are in bad condition and vehicles cannot

reach some villages.

34

The District plan is trying to increase the quality of communication because this problem affects the

local economy, health and education. However, resources are limited and allocated according to need.

Environment

The principal technique of farmers is slash & burn, which is contributing to rising deforestation. Though

Flores is a green island with many water sources, local behaviors and climate changes are contributing

to rapidly enlarging dry lands. The existing mangrove forest is decreased and the sand mining is

uncontrolled, leading to environmental degradation.

Economy

The District has significant natural resources. There is good potential for coconut, cashew nut and

candlenut farming, but many trees are old and will need replanting for better production in the future.

The geographical conformation also creates big potential in fisheries, alga (sea weed: eucheuma cotonii)

and pearl farming.

The district’s unemployment rate is 38%. Most of the productive labor force works outside the area (in

other districts or abroad), so many prospective areas cannot be utilized. District policy to select and

provide support to persons in requesting visas and passport to work abroad aggravate the situation.

The cooperative sector has good potential; the District has 300 microenterprises, 1064 groups of

workers and 22 cooperatives (11 now inactive).

Local products are usually sold at a low price, due to a lack of knowledge about how to treat and

process them and the fact that access to the market for small producers is limited. Poor transportation

conditions mean communities have to spend a high proportion of their income on this.

35



Example of possible actions

Beneficiaries

MGD Millennum

Development Goals

Local counterpart

Governance and decentralization Support a local policy for employment to create alternatives to the actual emigration policy

Unemployed people (38% of the population)

MDG: 1, 3 District Social Department

Support villages in the management of human resources and funds and participatory planning

Head of villages, village Councils MDG: 1,3,4,5,6,7 Sub-District, villages, OXFAMM NGO, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Support local district Department in organizing services for cooperatives

District Department for Cooperative, groups of workers

MDG: 1,8 District Department for Cooperative

Social Services Support the special program of the district Department of Heath to ensure health insurance for all the district’s population

Civil Servant of district Health and Social Department, 6.000 persons that actually don’t have health insurance

MDG: 1,4,5,6,8 District Health and Social Department

Increase District health knowledge and expertise do eradicate leprosy

Health civil servant, medical and paramedical staff

MDG: 6,8 District Health and Social Department, local NGO, local center for leprosy

Increase District health Knowledge and expertise in fighting HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

Health civil servant, medical and paramedical staff

MDG: 3,4,5,6,8 District Health and Social Department, local NGO

Support the Tanjung Bunga PKK women’s organization with capacity building (proper health behaviors, food security, food processing, importance of education, women’s cooperative and entrepreneurship)

Woman of PKK organization (network at sub-district and villages level)

MDG: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 District Department of Social Services, local NGOs, PKK, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Support the local health center of Tanjung Bunga with a direct access to water and medical equipments

All district population, local medical e paramedical staff

MDG: 4,5,6,8 District Health Department, Tanjung Bunga Puskesmas

Built new classrooms for local elementary school Teachers, students MDG: 1,2,8 District Department for Education

Increase quality and effectiveness of local family District and sub-District civil servant MDG: 1,3,6,8 District Department for Social Services

36

planning

Support the District hospital with a boat mobile Center of Health to reach remote villages by sea; support relative health personnel

District Hospital, all District population

MDG: 4,5,6,8 District Department for Health

Support access to high school level of education by creating scholarships for students

District’s students MDG: 2,3,8 District Department for Education

Support Bahinga Polindes with equipment and new structure and infrastructure (water access, electricity)

Women and mothers of Bahinga village and their children

MDG: 3,4,5,8 District Department for Health, Bahinga village and Council

Support local communities to establish a water connection to the Waibele (Asmara) Lake

Villages and local community MDG: 4,5,7,8 District Department for Infrastructure, Bahinga ommunity, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Support the Bahinga Village with access to electricity

All the Bahinga community MDG: 2,4,5,8 District Department for Infrastructure, Bahinga community, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Local Economy Support local professional schools in increasing quality of courses

Teachers of local professional schools, unemployed people

MDG: 1,2,3,7,8 District Department for Education, local professional schools

Support the creation of new plantation of coconut, cashew nut, and cocoa; capacity building on plantation; support workers for creation or revitalization of cooperative

Farmers, unemployed people MDG; 1,7,8 Provincial Department for Cooperative, Micro Small and Medium Enterprise, district Department for Agriculture, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Support Bahinga Villlage and his group of fisherman with fishery equipment, tools and capacity building

Bahinga fisherman group (50 person) and their families

MDG: 1,5,7,8 Provincial Department for Fishery and Marine, Bahinga Head of Village and Council, group of fisherman, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

Environment Support communities and villages with communicative campaign about the risks of some dangerous behavior (burning waste, massive deforestation, slash & burn practice); capacity building on alternative practices

Local communities MDG: 4,5,7,8 Local Environmental Body and districts Departments of Agriculture, Forestry, Education and Health OXFAM NGO and other local NGO, BPMD (Village and Communities Development Body)

District of Sabu

District profile

District of Sabu Raijua is the youngest d

Kupang District, but has been autonomous since June 2009

from the total province width) and cons

99,530, 60% of whom are classified

Sub-District Km2 Village

Raijua 36.97

Sabu Barat 174.10

Hawu Mehara 65.36

Sabu Timur 60.45

Sabu Liae 57.05

Sabu Tengah 66.85

Total 460.78

Source: Statictic Bureau of Statistic, Kupang 2008

Geographically, this District has two small islands located in the middle of the ocean, between

Timor and Sumba Islands, with maximum height 351 m dpl. The land is mainly

stone, and unfertile soil. It has semi

arid climate shown by a longer dry

season (March–December) and

shorter rainy season (December

February). It is one of the driest areas

in the Province. For example, in 2003,

some sub-Districts had no rain at

during the year, while others

experienced only 17 days of rain.

This district can be reached from Kupang

ferry in 13 hours (there are only two trips a week).

District of Sabu Raijua

District of Sabu Raijua is the youngest district in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province. It

has been autonomous since June 2009. It covers an area of 460.78 Km

e width) and consists of 6 sub-Districts and 63 Villages. Its population is

are classified as poor.

Village Male Female Total

Pop. Household

5 5,034 4,706 9,740 1,998

18 15,936 16,513 32,449 6,324

10 9,553 9,505 19,058 4,010

10 5,224 5,131 10,355 1,931

12 5,941 5,951 11,892 2,453

8 4,144 11,892 16,036 1,674

63 45,832 53,698 99,530 18,390

Source: Statictic Bureau of Statistic, Kupang 2008

istrict has two small islands located in the middle of the ocean, between

Timor and Sumba Islands, with maximum height 351 m dpl. The land is mainly consists of

, and unfertile soil. It has semi

n by a longer dry

ecember) and

shorter rainy season (December-

one of the driest areas

rovince. For example, in 2003,

no rain at all

others

be reached from Kupang-Province capital city by small plane in 45 m

ferry in 13 hours (there are only two trips a week).

37

rovince. It was part of

. It covers an area of 460.78 Km2 (2,8%

s population is

ousehold Pop/ Km2

(Density)

1,998 263

6,324 186

4,010 292

1,931 171

2,453 208

1,674 240

18,390 216

istrict has two small islands located in the middle of the ocean, between

consists of plaster,

Province capital city by small plane in 45 minutes, by

Most of the population depends on

small-scale dry-land agriculture. Crops

suited to dry-land areas are maize,

shorgum, green-bean, ground

onion, cashew nut, and palmyra palm

(borasus sp.). Palmyra palm can also

used as a source of food for

population, livestock and also for

housing and furniture. Coastal area communities

farming. The production per year is 4000 tons. Some people in coastal area

catch fish by applying traditional techniques.

Priorities and Development

Water

Water availability for household and

rainwater by constructing dams and water trap

community. Many dams could not conserve water f

sedimentation. Water springs in some area

lowland areas where the water flows

needs do not reach all of the population

of water connection.

Environment

Lack of vegetation and hilly topography make the top land surface

water. Improper practices in managing agricultural land also affect

The number of trees has decreased

needs (woodfire). Reforestation program

new plants becoming feed for

Village regulation on livestock cannot be

effectively implemented. Land

status also plays a role in impeding the

participation of the community to implant

trees in the field. There should a strong

commitment from the traditional community

to improve the environmental condition.

The lack of regulations in mining activities

Most of the population depends on

land agriculture. Crops

are maize,

bean, ground-nut,

onion, cashew nut, and palmyra palm

also be

source of food for the

, livestock and also for

sing and furniture. Coastal area communities greatly depend on alga (eucheuma cotonii)

farming. The production per year is 4000 tons. Some people in coastal areas produce salt and

catch fish by applying traditional techniques.


Water availability for household and agricultural needs is still a big problem. The efforts to catch

and water traps have not succeeded in meeting the need

community. Many dams could not conserve water for a long period due to high absorption and

in some areas have not been used optimally as they

the water flows onto the sea. Water connection for daily and agricultu

population, this is due to limited water resources and

Lack of vegetation and hilly topography make the top land surface easily eroded by

water. Improper practices in managing agricultural land also affects the quality of environment.

The number of trees has decreased as they have been cut down for construction and energy

(woodfire). Reforestation programs inevitably fail due to the extreme dry season and

new plants becoming feed for livestock.

Village regulation on livestock cannot be

ownership

in impeding the

community to implant

ld. There should a strong

commitment from the traditional community

to improve the environmental condition.

in mining activities

38

(eucheuma cotonii)

produce salt and

needs is still a big problem. The efforts to catch

the needs of the

high absorption and

are located in

nection for daily and agricultural

limited water resources and poor quality

easily eroded by wind and

the quality of environment.

cut down for construction and energy

extreme dry season and the

has adverse effects on the condition of areas in which mining is practiced

in particular), particularly river and costal area

Energy

Fuel energy is still limited in this district as there

meet the needs of the people. In west wind season, th

because vessels are unable to pass the wave

the people’s dependence on firewood.

Electricity only serves few people from 6 p.m. to

create difficulties in electrical connection

alternative energy sources.

Economy

Potential in inland area has not

difficult because of the limited capacity in water management and in dry

past, the people depended on Palmyra

alternatives, such as developing agriculture products and other small

Alga farming (eucheuma cotonii)

there is a big potential for trade and market of this product.

Potential in fisheries has not been reached because of limited capacity in catching fish

processing them. Fishing enterprise

utilized by a few people in coastal area

Economic groups in the community haven’t be

have a strong bargaining position and

on the condition of areas in which mining is practiced (stone and sand mining

river and costal areas.

Fuel energy is still limited in this district as there has not been a fuel tank that has been

people. In west wind season, the region can be isolated for 1

pass the waves in Sabu. It contributes to the lack of fuel stock and

on firewood.

serves few people from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. Scratched and separated shelters

connections. Solar, wind, and ethanol energies

been managed well. The population finds land management

limited capacity in water management and in dry-land agriculture

Palmyra trees and green bean. Nowadays, there are many more

developing agriculture products and other small-scale enterprises.

(eucheuma cotonii) has become the main economic activity in isolated areas and

for trade and market of this product.

ies has not been reached because of limited capacity in catching fish

enterprises are conducted by using simple and traditional tools and only

few people in coastal areas.

Economic groups in the community haven’t been developed or organized well; farmers

bargaining position and don’t have good access to market information.

39

(stone and sand mining

that has been able to

be isolated for 1-2 months

in Sabu. It contributes to the lack of fuel stock and

6 a.m. Scratched and separated shelters also

olar, wind, and ethanol energies are possible

finds land management

land agriculture. In the

there are many more

scale enterprises.

activity in isolated areas and

ies has not been reached because of limited capacity in catching fish and

traditional tools and only

organized well; farmers do not

good access to market information.

40

Health

This new District faces a significant lack of health

staff in regards to both quantity and quality, as

well as problems accessing tools, equipment and

drugs. A health centre is present in almost every

area but they are unused. There is a hospital but

there is still a lack of equipment and personnel.

At the moment there are only 2 medical staff in

Sabu. Sanitation infrastructure is also limited and

the community rarely uses it in their

neighborhood. Lack of economic capacity and knowledge also affects the health condition of the

community, an example being the communities’ capacity to obtain and process nutritious food.

Number of health infrastructure and personnel per sub-District in Sabu Raijua District

Sub- District Hospital

Puskes Mas Pustu Polindes Posyandu Doctor Nurse Midwife

Posyandu

Cadres Traditional

midwife

Raijua 0 1 4 0 25 0 6 3 98 22

Sabu Barat 1 1 6 9 51 0 5 7 255 37

Hawu Mehara 0 2 4 0 33 0 3 5 161 20

Sabu Timur 0 1 7 3 24 2 5 5 120 34

Sabu Liae 0 1 4 0 28 0 3 5 74 20

Sabu Tengah 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 5 104 38

Total 1 6 25 12 183 2 22 30 812 171

Source: adapted from Statictic Bureau of Statistic, Kupang 2008

Education

The district suffers from lack of teachers in terms of quantity and

quality. Efforts have been made by school management and school

committees to recruit Senior High School graduates as assisting

teachers (Contract teachers).

This effort also faces difficulties because of lack of budget to recruit

additional teacher, and the absence of sufficient qualified teachers.

Problems also arise in providing other supporting facilities, like

textbooks, library, laboratory, and electricity. The distance from

home to school is one of the causes of low student enrollment as

41

well as the economic condition of families. These factors limit the access of students to higher

education.

Fishery and marine professional schools have the potential to create a skilled generation in this

field and might develop the economic life of the area. But the lack of teachers and infrastructure

limits this.

Number of schools and teachers per sub-District in Sabu Raijua district

Sub-District Primary Teachers Students

Junior High School Teachers Students

Senior high School Teachers Students

Raijua 7 53 1076 1 17 204 0 0 0

Sabu Barat 25 248 4129 3 52 1104 3 77 1192

Hawu Mehara 13 129 2652 1 17 631 0 0 0

Sabu Timur 10 52 982 1 24 477 1 29 445

Sabu Liae 15 95 1535 1 19 470 0 0 0

Sabu Tengah 9 28 1356 1 3 243 0 0 0

Total District 79 605 11730 8 132 3129 4 106 1637

Source: Bureau of Statistic, Kupang 2008

Governance

As a newly established District, the government faces a big challenge in running good and clean

governance. Civil servants arebeing prepared to face the development problems in the future.

The existing government hopes to get support from many agencies to increase the capacity of

personnel. Accurate data availability from every region could contribute strongly to development

planning.

Infrastructure

This new District faces a big problem in infrastructure. Roads to sub-Districts are in bad condition,

buildings for departments and agencies are under construction, communication means

(telephone) are still limited and constantly inoperative and the quality of the harbor and airport

needs to be improved and optimized to open the connection between other areas.

Area planning

As a new District, Sabu has to arrange its own “Area Planning”, to be referred to in the Provincial

and National policy paper: this plan will be the basis for long-term development efforts. The local

government hopes to receive support from other agencies to conduct comprehensive planning.

Culture

Revitalization of Sabu culture would contribute to the development process of this District. A

cultural approach is needed to solve development problems. For example, the role of traditional

leaders and landlords are very important in relation to area planning.

42

Historical and cultural centers of Sabunese do not receive proper attention. The conservation and

development of local cultural assets would bring economic benefits, enrich tourism and create

natural incentives.

43



Examples of possible actions Beneficiaries

MDG Millennium

Development Goals

Local Partner

Governance and decentralisation Increase the capacity of governmental personnel in providing services to the community:

- Planning, policy making, management and accountability

District planning personnel and village structure

MDG: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 Province and District governments, NGO, local University and research agency

Social services - Campaign on clean and healthy life - Increase the quantity and quality of health infrastructure:

equipment, laboratory, sanitation of environment - Increase the capacity of paramedical staffs (midwives,

nurses) and health cadres (traditional midwives) - Providing scholarship for sending people studying in health

sector as the anticipation of future need

Health Department, community, health cadres for Posyandu, paramedical staffs, Community Health Centre (Puskesmas), Pustu, village health centre (Polindes), University

MDG: 2,3,4,5,6,8 Provincial and District health Department, NGO, University and professional association on health

- Increase teachers capacity in public and professional school (fishery program)

- Increase the structure and infrastructure of public schools and fishery professional school (books, teaching aid, library and laboratory)

- Increase the capacity of school management, laboratory and library personnel

- Scholarship for providing teachers - Campaign on the importance of education

District Department for Education, teachers, students, community, school committee, University

MDG: 2,3,8 District Department for Education, teacher, students, community, school committee, University

- Improve the access of the community to clean water by creating new wells

- Increase the number and improve the rain catching

District Department for Infrastructures, district Department for Agriculture,

MDG: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 District Department for Infrastructures, district Department for Agriculture, district water agency,

44

infrastructure (dam, rain water trap) - Assist the community around dam to use and conserve

water optimally - Increase the quality of clean water network and agriculture - Practical technology to flow water from lowland area into

upland area - Improve the capacity of civil servants related to catching

rain water

district Water Agency, farmers group, health centers, school

farmers group, health centers, school

Economy Capacity building for community’s groups related to economy and cooperative; assistance to formalize and legalize the status of cooperatives To increase group’s capacity in processing agricultural and fishery products

District Department for Trade, Industry and Cooperative, community’s group, women’s group

MDG: 1,3,8 District Department for Trade, Industry and Cooperative, community’s group, women’s group, NGO, bank, University

Support to increase the quality and prive of alga (sea weed): - Capacity building for farmers’ group to increase the quality

of alga - Increase the post harvesting management - Manage and open a direct market for alga

District Department for Trade, Industry and Cooperative, district Department for Fishery and Marine, community’s group, women’s group, local alga’s traders

MDG: 1,3,8 District Department for Trade, Industry and Cooperative, district Department for Fishery and Marine; professional school, University and local traders association

Support for fishery development : - Increase the capacity of the personnel in managing marine

resources - Capacity buildings for communities in catching and

processing fishery product - Support for providing fishery tools and equipment

Department for Fishery and Marine, traditional fisherman, communities at coastal area

MDG: 1,3,8 Department for Fishery and Marine, NGO, Fishery professional School

Developing renewable energy for supporting economy, education, and health activities for the community; Solar, wind, ethanol

District Department for Mining and Energy, communities, school, health centre

MDG: 1,2,3,4,5,7,8 District Departments for Infrastructure, Mining and Energy, Health, Education; sub-district and village governments, NGO, private sector

Environment Increase the capacity of personnel and community in managing environment; campaign on environment conservation

Local government, community, landlord, livestock owner, school

MDG: 1,2,3,7,8 District Department for Environment and Education, NGO, community, land-lord

45

Planting trees in the yard, reforestation in critical areas, palm trees conservation as a source of food and energy, conserving mangrove trees

Communities MDG: 1,2,3,7,8 District Departments for Forestry and Environment, sub-District and village governments, community, school

Developing city and territorial planning in participatory way Local government, BAPPEDA, community

MDG: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 District and provincial BAPPEDA, university, NGO, community

Culture Renovating Traditional houses Traditional community,

district government MDG: 1,4,5,6,8 Districts Departments for Public

Works, Health, Tourism and Culture, traditional community

Promoting tourism District Department for Tourism, community

MDG: 1,3,8 District Department for Tourism and culture, local organizer for tourism

46

ART GOLD Provincial Working Group in East Nusa Tenggara Timur Province is

Marius Jelamu Provincial Planning Board (BAPPEDA) COORDINATOR

Condrat Djo Provincial Department for Culture and Tourism

I Made Dony Harthayasa Provincial Department for Environment

Gabriel Ndawa Provincial Department for Agriculture

Frits O. Laoebela Provincial Department for Cooperative, and Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises

Diani. T.A. Ledo Provincial Department for Industry and Trade

Fritz D. Bua Mone Provincial Department for Education, Youth and Sport

Maria Silalahi Provincial Department for Health

Vincentius Sunardi Provincial Department for Fisheries and Marine

Agust M. Usfinit Provincial Department for Mining and Energy

Daiman Wahid Provincial Planning Board (BAPPEDA), Joint Secretariat

Sherley Wila Huki Province Planning Board (BAPPEDA), Economic sector

Sil Leki University of Nusa Cendana

Paskalis Nai SDM NGO

Winston Rondo CIS Timor, Central Information Service NGO

Date post:	22-Mar-2016
Category:	Documents
Upload:	undp-art-initiative
View:	238 times
Download:	1 times

INDONESIA - Nura Tenggara Timur

Documents