Date post: | 22-Apr-2019 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | duongkhanh |
View: | 221 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Talking ASEAN on ASEAN Cooperation on Fisheries ManagementJakarta, February, 2014
Indonesian Efforts In Combating IUU Fishingby Ida Kusuma
Talking ASEAN on "Developing ASEAN Cooperation on Fisheries Management: Tackling IUU Fishing in the Region”
D IRE CT ORAT E GE NE RAL OF SURVE ILLANCE FOR MARINE AND F ISHE RY RE SOURCE S
MINISTRY OF MARINE AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES
Indonesian Efforts In Combating IUU Fishing
Ida Kusuma Executive Secretary of the Directorate General of Surveillance
for Marine and Fisheries Resources
Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU fishing) is regarded as one of the main obstacles to coastal states realising the economic benefits arising from their rights to the living resources of their EEZs.
Unsustainable fishing practices, illegal fishing activities by foreign fishing vessels in areas under national jurisdiction, excessive fleet capacity, non-reporting and misreporting of catches, lack of effective flag and port State control, and an open access regime in many high seas fisheries are some of the most common global concerns related to IUU fishing.
Illegal fishing: - conducted by IFV or FFV in waters, without the permission the , or in
contravention of laws and regulations;
- conducted by vessels flying operate in contravention of the CMM adopted by RFMOs or relevant provisions of the applicable international law; or
- in violation of laws or international obligations
Unreported fishing:
- which have not been reported, or have been misreported, to the relevant authority, in contravention of laws and regulations; or
- undertaken in the RFMO’s area which have not been reported or have been misreported, in contravention of the reporting procedures of the relevant RFMOs.
Unregulated fishing:
- in the area of application of a relevant RFMO conducted by vessels w/o nationality, or by those flying the flag of a State not party to that organization, or by a fishing entity, in a manner that is not consistent with or contravenes the CMM of RFMO; or
- in areas or for fish stocks in relation to which there are no applicable CMM and conducted in a manner inconsistent with State responsibilities for the conservation of living marine resources under international law.
Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zones
Territorial Waters
DGoS and POLICE DGoS and Navy
Coordinated by BAKORKAMLA
X x x x
x
x x x
Territorial Waters
DGoS - RFMOs
X x
Exclusive Economic Zone High Seas
Small Scale Indonesian Fishing Fleet (IFF) [± 95%]
Indonseian Fishing Fleet (IFF) [< 5 % and mostly < 300 GT]
Foreign Fishing Fleet (IFF)
Foreign Fishing Fleet (IFF) Flying Indonesian Flag
Archipelagic Waters
v v
x x
x v
x
6
The State of Indonesian Fisheries
• Overfishing and overcapacity
• IUU fishing practices, both by FFV and IFV
• Marine environment degradation
• Poverty of Fisherfolks
• Numbers of fishing vessels > 30 GT: ± 5.147 units and < 30 GT: ±179.131 units
• Under utilization of national fishing industries due to sort of raw materials [30-40%]
According to the UN, 99% of worldwide annual commercial ocean catch comes from coastal
waters, within 200 nautical miles of the coastline.
7
Various Mode of IUU Fishing
Fishing without legal permit, illegal entry into Indonesian waters
Unauthorized fishing gears, in unauthorized fishing ground, port of call
Fake document regarding transfered od foreign fishing vessels, document falsification, manipulation of prerequisite to conduct fishing activities (DC, Bill of Sale)
Transhipment at sea without reporting to the assigned fishing ports
Double flagging or sailing under Indonesian flags in Indoonesian waters to avoid detection by Indonesian security
Fictitious company address and forgery of documents issued by other institutions
Economic Losses
• Estimated US $ 40 billion/year*)
• Overfishing dan overcapacity
• Fisheries resources degradaion depletion of fish
stocks
• Marine ecosystem degradation
• Decline of catch per-unit effort (CPUE)
• Incompetitiveness of fishery businesses
• Weaken competitiveness of National Fishing Industries
• Affect Traditional Livelihood fisher folks remains
suffering of poverty
Impacts of IUU Fishing Marine ecosystem degradation and fish stocks degradation caused by trawling,
blast fishing and the use of cyanide (e.g., extensive damage to coral reefs). Increase competition among local fisherfolks Disadvantage for due to lost of:
- the opportunity to develop national fisheries - the opportunity to use income that generates for poverty alleviation and
development - tax and levy
Increase onflicts among fisherfolks on the unhealthy fishing grounds Reduced profitability of fisheries, reduced economic rent and fleet efficiency,
and less than optimal use of scarce national resources; Declining levels of production reducing employment both at sea and on shore
(fishing industries). Estimated US $ 40 billion/year*) Overfishing dan overcapacity Decline of catch per-unit effort (CPUE) Incompetitiveness of fishery businesses Weaken competitiveness of National Fishing Industries Affect Traditional Livelihood fisher folks remains suffering of poverty 9
Law no. 31 year 2004: Fisheries, as amended by Law no. 45 year 2009
Law no. 27 year 2007: Coastal and Small Island Management
Ministerial Act no. 26 year 2013: Capture Fisheries
Ministerial Act no. 18 year 2010: Logbooks
Ministerial Act no. 02 year 2011: Fishing Area and Fishing Gears
Ministerial Act no. 10 year 2012: Vessel Monitoring System
Ministerial Act no. 7 year 2012: Legal Form for Fishing Operation
Ministerial Act no. 50 year 2012: National Plan of Action (NPOA) to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate IUU Fishing 2012-2016
UNCLOS’ 1982 Law of the Sea Convention
FAO, Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries [CCRF], 1995
FAO, International Plan of Action (IPOA) to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate IUU Fishing, 2001
[Seabirds, Sharks, Capacity, IUU]
FAO, Compliance Agreement, 1993
FAO, Fish Stocks Agreement, 1995
UNGA Resolutions
EC Regulation 1005/2008
FAO, Port State Measures, 2005
11
1. Strengthen and Develop Surveillance Technical Implementing Units
2. Review and revitalize Fisheries Acts 3. Capacity building for fisheries inspectors
and fisheries investigators 4. Regional Cooperation:
a. Joint Regional Fisheries Management Organizations [IOTC, CCSBT, WCPFC [on-going process]
b. Establish Regional Plan of Action (RPOA)* to promote responsible fishing practices including combating IUU fishing
5. Member of RFMOs: IOTC, CCSBT, WCPFC 6. Actively Involved in the Regional and
International Forum, including joint the International Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance [IMCS] Network
7. Implement the EC regulation, and considering to ratify PSMA
1. MCS Implementation: • VMS * • Observer program • Logbook • Port Inspection
2. Enhance effective MCS: • Before fishing: inspect the
documents, fishing permits/license, fishing gears, VMS, and crews
• While fishing: patrol, intercepts, boarding and inspection, ship search.
• During landing: inspect and verify the fish caught
• Post landing: to ensure that the fish caught distributed legally
4. Develop the Surveillance Infrastruc-tures: Patrol Vessels, Speedboats, Regional Surveillance Facilities and Equipments
5. Promote thr development of Integrated Surveillance Systems
6. Facilitate and strengthen community based surveillance groups [POKMASWAS]
7. Joint patrol with related institutions to perform law enforcement at sea (BAKORKAMLA, Navy, and POLICE)
8. Coordinated patrol with neigh-boouring countries [Austalia, Malaysia]
9. Support the establishment of Fisheries Courts
DJ PSDKP
MAN WASKAN, PPNS,
POLSUS, POKMASWAS,
UPT
MACHINE KAPAL PATROLI,
SP. BOAT, VMS, PERKANTORAN,
dll.]
METHODE PER-UU-AN,
JUKNIS, NSPK, dll.
MATERIAL DATA PERIZINAN, INFORMASI, UNIT
USAHA
MONEY APBN, APBD, SUMBER LAIN
•Patrol Vessel: 27 [90] •Logistics/yr: 90-180 [250] •Speedboat: 68 + 53 [540] •VMS: 3.585[4.599] •RMC: 2 [26] •Minilab: 0 [10] • Infrastructures: 5 [26]
•Surveillance Reporting System/SIMWASKAN: 30 [200]
•E-logbook: 0 [816] •Fishing permits/FishTransport (SIPI/SIKPI) 5.147 [184.278]
•Law: 2 [3] •G’ment Regulation: 0 [1] •Presidential Decree •Ministerial Decree •Technical Guidelines •Standard Operating Procedures
•Fisheries Inspectors: 227 [1.500] •Fisheries Investigators: 303 [1.200] •Special Coastal Police: 120 [1.000] •Community Groups: 1.943 [5.000] •TIU: 5 [26]
•2010: 324 m •2011: 362 m •2012: 509 m •2013: 549 m [51m P/HLN] •2014: 600 m [238 m P/HLN]
4 workstation to monitor fishing vessel’s in almost near real time Single Side Band Communication
Data Monitoring and Analysis SERVER
15 A series of weapons for self protection
Patrol Vessels
Technical Implementing Unit
Sustainable Fisheries
Fisheries Management • MCS (Monitoring, Control and
Surveillance )
• Community based co-management
• Rights-based fisheries management
• Eco-system approach
Fisheries Resources
-Common property resources - Possibly depleted
Food security
Why do we need for Fisheries Management ?
• MCS (
• Monitoring Resource condition, Catch, condition of
Fishing area and habitat area etc, • Control
Catch, Fishing gears, Fishing area and season, etc,
• Surveillance Survey for controlled activities to keep
effectiveness of control
MCS (Monitoring, Control and Surveillance)
Appropriate Resource management is necessary for Sustainable Fisheries
Fisheries Management Focus on
• MCS (Monitoring, Control and
Surveillance )
• Community based co-management
• Rights-based fisheries management
• Eco-system approach
MCS Strategy
Monitoring
Control Surveillance
Management Plan
Scientific Research
Fishery Management
Policy
Fishery Before fishing – While fishing – During landing – Post landing
Fish Stock
Habitat
MCS [ K E P M E N n o . K E P. 5 0 / M E N / 2 0 1 2 t e n t a n g N P O A 2 0 1 2 - 2 0 1 6 ]
MONITORING SURVEILLANCE CONTROL
KKP (BALITBANG KP) KOMNAS
KAJISKAN
• KKP (DJ PT)
• KEMHUB (DJ
HUBLA)
•TNI AL •POLAIR •KKP(DJ PSDKP) •Bakorkamla •MA •KEJAGUNG
Data bio-fisik perikanan dan lingkungannya
• KKP(DJ KP3K) • INSTANSI
TERKAIT LAINNYA
Perlindungan, Konservasi, dan Rehabilitasi
Perizinan
Pemantauan VMS dan Penegakan Hukum
Penanganan Pelanggaran
SLO SKAT
Pengaturan Pengelolaan
Data sosial ekonomi
Data
Statistik
Kebijakan Pemanfaatan KKP (MENTERI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN
VMS, SIGHTING
OBSERVER, LOG BOOK, PORT INSPECTION
S
T
O
C
K
A
S
S
E
S
S
M
E
N
T
20
Law no. 31 year 2004 concerning Fisheries as amended by Law no. 45 year 2009:
- Article 66 (1): Fishery inspection shall be conducted by fishery inspector.
- Article 66 (2): Fisheries Inspectors mandated to inspect the compliance to the legislation concerning fisheries.
- Article 66 A (1): Fishery inspectors referred to article 66 shall be a civil servant working in fisheries sector, appointed by the relevant Minister or Officer appointed.
Political Will and Commitment are essential 21
FAO-MCS Technical Guidelines 4.2.2 ... There is also a need in any operation to ensure that there is one lead agency with the appropriate authority to make decisions. Although there are several ministries with interest in MCS and, consequently, there may be a need for a coordinating committee, there still needs to be one final authority for decisions on the deployment and priorities for MCS operations. Split operational “command and control”, to use military phraseology, have not met with success in the past in military or civilian operations. It is recommended
that the fisheries department be provided with the lead role and ultimate authority for ocean sector MCS activities, in consultation with other interested departments and ministries.
Regional Plan of Action (RPOA) to Promote Responsible Fishing Practices
including Combating IUU Fishing in the Southeast Asia Region
A voluntary instrument
Enhance and Strengthen the overall
level of fisheries management in
the region Promote responsible fishing practices
to sustain fisheries resources and
marine environment
to optimise the benefit of adopting responsible fishing practices.
Managing Fishing Capacity
Combating IUU Fishing
Conservation of Fisheries Resources and Their Environment
Object ive and Framework
Promote the implementation of the IPOA-IUU through NPOA-IUU
Why RPOA? Draws its core principles from international fisheries
instruments (e.g. IPOA IUU Fishing)
A cooperative approach to enhance and strengthen the overall level of fisheries management in the region of the South China Sea, Sulu-Sulawesi Seas and Arafura-Timor Seas.
Highlight the responsibilities of all States, flag States, coastal States, and port States in addressing problems related to IUU fishing.
1. understanding the current resource and management situation in the region
2. implementation of international and regional instruments
3. implementing Coastal State measures
4. enforcing Flag State responsibilities
5. developing Port State measures
6. considering regional market measures
7. developing regional capacity building
8. strengthening monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) systems
9. controlling transhipment at sea.
Endorsed by 11 Ministers Responsible for Fisheries (Bali, May 2007)
International and Regional Instruments
• Follow up actions on the assessment impacts of IUU Fishing and EC Reg 1005/2008 on small scale fisheries;
• Lesson learnt of RPOA countries on the progress of the implementation of Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA);
• Adoption of IPOA – IUU Fishing by RPOA countries.
Program and Act ivit ies
Regional Plan of Action (RPOA) to Promote Responsible Fishing Practices including Combating IUU Fishing
in the Southeast Asia Region
Current resource and management situation in the region
• Strengthen fisheries legislation - countries fisheries legislation model against Benchmark Measures
• A Human Capacity Development Framework for Marine Capture Fisheries Management in the Southeast Asia region – a structured guidance on priorities to strengthen marine capture fisheries management at regional, national and provincial level
Program and Act ivit ies
Regional Plan of Action (RPOA) to Promote Responsible Fishing Practices including Combating IUU Fishing
in the Southeast Asia Region
Coastal & Flag State Responsibility
• Workshop on the Development Tools to
Fight IUU Fishing – the Comprehensive of
Global Record Fishing Vessels, Refrigerated
Transport and Supply Vessels
• Update IUU list on RPOA –IUU Website
• Information exchange on IUU vessels
• Monitoring and preventing the IUU vessels
accessing ports facilities
• Developing procedure of listing and
delisting IUU fishing vessels/vessel watch list
Program and Act ivit ies
Regional Plan of Action (RPOA) to Promote Responsible Fishing Practices including Combating IUU Fishing
in the Southeast Asia Region
Regional Capacity Building on Port State Measures
• Port Monitoring Techniques, Regional
Fisheries Inspector Training Workshop
for the implementation of Port State
Measures Agreement (PSMA)
• Monitoring and preventing the IUU
vessels accessing ports facilities
Program and Act ivit ies
Regional Plan of Action (RPOA) to Promote Responsible Fishing Practices including Combating IUU Fishing
in the Southeast Asia Region
Strengthening MCS • Establish and develop the Regional and 3 Sub-
regional MCS networks
• Review and adoption MCS Training Curriculum
• Identify the need to develop a funding strategy to support sub-regional and regional MCS courses.
• Develop matrix of national, sub-regional and regional MCS issues and needs to guide the work of the networks
• Facilitate regular and sub-regional MCS meeting and monitor the progress of the work priorities and plans
• Developing MCS communication procedures
• Development public information campaign (PIC) in the region as complement to MCS
Program and Act ivit ies
IUU Vessels Watch
Regional Plan of Action (RPOA) to Promote Responsible Fishing Practices including Combating IUU Fishing in
the Southeast Asia Region
• Information exchange on IUU vessels – mostly from RFMOs list, to monitor the movement and to prevent vessels to access and utilize port’s facilities of the RPOA countries
• Update data on vessel’s movement using air surveillance data
Highl ighted Programs
Malaysia and Singapore on investigated FV Pion [January-June 2012]
Malaysia on investigated FV Thunder [March-April 2012] Indonesia on investigated FV Thunder [April 2013]
Case Study
Highl ighted Programs
PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES
RPOA SECRETARIAT
Available Analyzed Data and
Information
Report of the Result
Circulate the Information through RPOA website
and/or official letters
RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES
Inspection and Investigation
Report to RPOA Secr.
MCS FOCAL POINT
Share the Information
Latest Status of the Vessel
Request RPOA relevant participating countries to deny the vessel port entry,
accessing port facilities
Inform Relevant Institution
Regional Plan of Action (RPOA) to Promote Responsible Fishing Practices including Combating IUU Fishing in
the Southeast Asia Region
Potential Linkages
IMCSN
Information Exchange
Raising Awarenes
Strengthen Capacity A
rea
of C
oo
pe
ratio
n
RPOA - IUU
Coastal & Flag State Responsibility:
• MCS Network Development
• IUU vessel watch
• Global Record Fishing Vessels
Regional PIC Development
Regional Capacity Building:
• PSMA
• Strengthening MCS
Organizational Structure
RPOA PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES (1) Australia, (2) Brunei Darussalam, (3)Cambodia, (4)Indonesia, (5)
Malaysia, (6)Papua New Guinea, (7)Philippines, (8)Singapore, (9)Thailand, (10)Timor Leste and (11)Vietnam
Sub Regional MCS Network
Southern-Eastern South China Sea and Sulu-Sulawesi Seas
(Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines)
Gulf of Thailand (Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, Viet Nam)
Arafura – Timur Seas (Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea,
and Timor Leste)
Technical Working Group on Fisheries Resources Management and MCS Network
ADVISORY BODIES FAO – APFIC SEAFDEC Worldfish Centre InfoFish
FFV flying Indonesian flag operated illegally, both in
national waters or high seas
... lanjutan
Fake Documen (two fishing vessels with the same name
and number)
Sighting by Radar Satelit
Sighting by Radarsat and Envisat in Arafura Sea and South China Sea [2004 and 2007]
Transhipment
Pair trawl
Vessels Committed IUU Fishing
Remarks: - IFV = Indonesian Fishing Vessel -FFV = Foreign Fishing Vessel Kapal Ikan Asing 41
YEAR INSPECTED
[units] ARRESTED [units]
IFV FFV IFV + FFV 2005 344 91 24 115 2006 1.447 83 49 132 2007 2.207 95 88 183 2008 2.178 119 124 243 2009 3.961 78 125 203 2010 2.253 24 159 183 2011 3.348 30 76 106 2012 4.326 42 70 112 2013 3.643 24 44 68
JUMLAH 23.707 586 759 1.345
Radar Satelite captured the target , send the
information to FMC and Patrol Vessel
FISHING MONITORING CENTER
SATELIT VMS INTEGRATED SURVEILLANCE
SYSTEM (ISS) SATELIT RADAR
Suspect IUU Vessel
Patrol Vessel received information from various sources and intercept to conduct inspection and
investigation when needed
Aircraft approach the target, send information
to Fishing Monitoring Center (FMC) and
broadcast to Patrol Vessel
FMC receives data from many resources and send the
information to patrol vessels Coastal Radar detects the
target and send the information to the FMC
KP PATROLI
43
IUU fishing is a global, regional and national problem that threaten food security
Combating IUU fishing effectively takes a collaborative approach
Country specific should be wisely taken into account to implement enforcement
Strengthening MCS capacity and capability, both in hard and soft structure, is urgently required
Market control between importer and exporter, including consistently prevent fisheries products derived from IUU fishing, is expected to reduce IUU practices