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Indonesias DemographicDividend and AgeingThe need for further research
Prof. Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo PhDLilis MCicih Msi
Demographic Institute Faculty of Economics University ofIndonesia
Symposium on Global Ageing and the Development ofEducation and Research in Gerontology Geriatric
Depok, CHRUI, 3 June 2009
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 2
Indonesias Demographic Giant
Number(millions)
2005 2006 2015
Population 225,3 227,9 250,4
WRA 62,1 62,7 68,5
Under five 21,6 21,5 21,0
0-14 years 64,7 64,6 63,6
Working age 148,3 150,6 170,8
Ageing, 60+ 18,7 19,3 24,3
Sumber: UN World Population Projection, 2002 Revision
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 3
Number of children per 100
working population
1971 2000 2020-2030 >2030
86 54 < 50Increase
again due toexplosion of
oldpopulation
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
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Demographic Dividend and
The Window of Opportunity
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 4
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13/08/07 sm adioetomo/LD-EWC 5
Dependency Ratio 0-14, 65+, total
Indonesia 1950-2050
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Perse
65
Total
Demographic Bonus
window of opportunity
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13/08/07 sm adioetomo/LD-EWC 6
Demographic Bonus(demographic dividend)
Changes in age structure leading to
economic bonus of demography
(demographic dividend)
The road to the opening of window of
opportunity
An opportunityfor human capital
development
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13/08/07 sm adioetomo/LD-EWC 7
The Window of Opportunity
The Indonesian window of opportunitywill open
in 2020-2030
Age Dependency Ratio at its lowest level 44
young population compared to 100 workers Once in a lifetime
Increases again after 2030 due to the rapid
increase of old population
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Rapid increase in life
expectancies
From 45 years in 1971 to
70 years in 2009
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 8
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
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The explosion of old
population in Indonesia
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 10
Need to decompose old
population by age
Young old = ages 60-69 years old
Middle old = ages 70-79 years old Old-old (grand-old) = 80+ years
Different ages needs different intervention
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
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The UN Projection,
2006 RevisionCalculated by
Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo
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Growth of old population, Indonesia 1950-2050
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 12
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
Number('
000
)
Year
Number of old population by age, 1950 -2050 ,Indonesia
80+
70-79
60-69
World Population Projection, 2006
Total 79.8
21.4
4.935.8
32
11.8
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 13
Number of young, middle & grand-
old people, Indonesia, 1950-2050 Source World Population Projection,
2006 revision
Increase in life expectancy from 45.7years in 1970, to 65.4 in 2000, 69.9 in2015, 76.9 in 2050
Increase in number of old people 60+,from 4.9 million in 1950, to 21.4 m in2010 and to 79.8 in 2050.
What is the social, economics andhealth consequences?
Different agesdifferent needs forcaring and health services.
G r o w th o f o l d p o p u l a t i o n b y a g e , 1 9 5
0
1 0 ,0 0 0
2 0 ,0 0 0
3 0 ,0 0 0
4 0 ,0 0 0
5 0 ,0 0 0
6 0 ,0 0 0
7 0 ,0 0 0
8 0 ,0 0 0
9 0 ,0 0 0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Nu
mber('000)
8 0 +7 0 - 7
6 0 - 6
W o r l d P o p u la t io n P r o j e c
T o t a l 7 9
2 1 .
4 .3 5 .
3 2
1 1 .
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Old women outnumber old men
always
Why and how do they live?
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Growth of young old by sex 1950-2050,
will they be still productive?
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 15
Number of young old by sex, Indonesia, 1950-2050
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,00030,000
35,000
40,000
195
0
196
0
197
0
198
0
199
0
200
0
201
0
202
0
203
0
204
0
205
0
Number('000)
male
female
1
17.
5.8
6.7
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 16
Number of young old by sex
N u m b e r o f y o u n g o ld b y s e x , In d o
0
5 ,0 0 0
1 0 ,0 0 0
1 5 ,0 0 0
2 0 ,0 0 0
2 5 ,0 0 0
3 0 ,0 0 0
3 5 ,0 0 0
4 0 ,0 0 0
195
0
196
0
197
0
198
0
199
0
200
0
201
0
202
0
203
0
204
0
205
0
N
umber('000) f e m a
m a le
m a l e
f e m a l
1 8 .
1 7 .
5 .8
6 .7
Number of young old women
is always higher than that of
men
In 2010 there will be 5.8 million
young old men, and 6.7 milyoung old women
These increase to 17.2 m men
and 18.5 female
What are their socio-economic
characteristics?
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Growth of middle old by sex 1950-2050,
some of them may still productive
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 17
Number of middle old, Indonesia, 1950-2050
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
950
960
970
980
990
000
010
020
030
040
05
Number('000)
3.1
3.11.
14.2
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 18
Number of middle old by sex
N u m b e r o f m id d le o ld , In d o n e
0
5 ,0 0 0
1 0 ,0 0 0
1 5 ,0 0 0
2 0 ,0 0 0
2 5 ,0 0 0
3 0 ,0 0 0
3 5 ,0 0 0
4 0 ,0 0 0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Y e a
Number('000) f e m a
m a le
3 .1
3 .1 1 . 6
1 4 .
The differences by sex continue
In 2010 there will be 3.1 m male and
3.9 female middle old people
In 2050 this increases to 11.6 middleold male and 14.2 middle old women
The difference by sex is wider, more
women survive to middle old
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Growth of grand-old by sex 1950-2050,
mostly need to be rescued
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 19
The number of old-old in Indonesia 1950-2050
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
195
0
196
0
197
0
198
0
199
0
200
0
201
0
202
0
203
0
204
0
205
0
N
umber('00
0.7 Male
1.1 Female
7.6
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 20
Number of grand-old people by
sex, 1950-2005 Women live longer than men
In 2010 there will be 1.1 million
women compared to only 0.7 men
aged 80 years and older
The difference will be 3.3 million
between old-old women, that is
7.6 million compared to 4.3 old-
old men.
Old-old people need more care
and social economic support
T h e n u m b e r o f o ld - o ld i n I n d o
0
5 ,0 0 0
1 0 ,0 0 0
1 5 ,0 0 0
2 0 ,0 0 0
2 5 ,0 0 0
3 0 ,0 0 0
3 5 ,0 0 0
4 0 ,0 0 0
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Number('000) f e m a
m a le0 . 7 M
1 .1 F e m a
4 .
7 .6
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The Profile of Old Population
Indonesia, 2005
Calculated by
Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo et. al.;
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Number of old population by
age and sex 2005
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 22
Number of old population by age and sex, Susenas 2005
5,0605,412
10,472
2,298 2,566
4,864
656 8131,470
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Num
ber('00
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 23
Number- by Age and sex 2005
Source of data Susenas 2005
Men + Women: 10.4 million young
old, 4.8 middle old, and 1.4 m old-old
Young old: 5.0 million mencompared to 5.4 million women,
Middle old: 2.3 million men
compared to 2.6 women
Old-old:0.65 million men comparedto 0.81 million women.
N u m b e r o f o l d p o p u l a t i o n b y a g e
5 , 05 ,4 1
1 0 ,4
2 ,2 9 2 , 5
4 , 8
6 5 8 1
1 , 4
0
2 ,0 0 0
4 ,0 0 0
6 ,0 0 0
8 ,0 0 0
1 0 ,0 0 0
1 2 ,0 0 0
Number
('000)
Y o u n g
M id d le
O l d - o ld
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
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Old men were the head of HH, but there were 2,7
millions of old women as head of household
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 24
4,749
1,661
311
3,750
1,982
879
316
1,687
483238 173
575
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
M-Head HH F -Head HH M -Non HHH F- Non HHH
Number('000)
Number of old people by age, sex and status as head of
HH, Susenas 2005
Young Old
Middle Old
Old Old
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 25
Number - Age, sex, household head 2005
The young old: 4.7 million men vs1.7m women as head of HH
Middle old: 1.98 m men vs 0.87 mwomen as head of HH
Old-old: 0.48 m men vs 0.23 mwomen as head of HH
238 000 women aged 80 years+ arehead of household
Who will take care of them andsupport their economic welfare?
Thanks God, 3.7 m young oldwomen, 1.68 middle old and 0.57million old-old women not as HHhead.
Does this mean that there areenough caregivers for them ?
N u m b e r o f o l d p e o p l e b y a g e , se x a n d s tS u s e n a s 2 0 0 5
4 ,7 4
1 ,6 6
3 1
3 ,7 5
1 ,9 8
8 7
3 1
1 ,6 8
4 8
2 3 1 7
5 7
5 0 0
1 ,0 0 0
1 ,5 0 0
2 ,0 0 0
2 ,5 0 0
3 ,0 0 0
3 ,5 0 0
4 ,0 0 0
4 ,5 0 0
5 ,0 0 0
Number('000)
Y o u n g
M id d le OO ld O ld
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Higher % of rural old people live in nuclear
family 2005 who will take care of them?
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 26
32.7
52.2
5.99.2
27.3
43.4
11.3
17.919.0
35.6
16.8
28.7
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
Nuclear - Urb Nuclear - Rur Extended Urb Extended Rur
Percentage
Living arrangement
Old people and living arrangement, Susenas 2005
young ol
middle ol
old-old
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
27/65
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 27
Age and living arrangement, 2005
More old people in rural areas live in a
nuclear family
Care givers migrate to urban areas?
Less old people live in extended family
More grand-old people live in
extended family than middle and
young old.
Meaning more care givers for old-old
people?
O l d p e o p l e a n d l i v i n g a r r a n
0 . 0
1 0 . 0
2 0 . 0
3 0 . 0
4 0 . 0
5 0 . 0
6 0 . 0
N u c le a r - U r bN u c le a r - R u r E x t e n d e d U r bE x t e n d e d R u r
L i v i n g a r r a
ercentage
y o u n g
m i d d l e
o l d - o l
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28/65
Old people are less educated
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 28
Old people by education and residence, Susenas 2005
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
Prim or
less_U
Prim or
less R
Junior _U Junior -R High -U High -R
Percentage
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
29/65
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
30/65
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 30
Education and Residence, 2005
Most of the low educated old
people reside in the rural areas
Less than 30% of old people with
low education live in urban areas
Old people of 60 years and above
were born in 1945 or earlier Too late to enjoy the 1973 SD
Inpress established in all villages
of Indonesia
Need special services for the low
educated men old peopleespecially in rural areas.
O l d p e o p l e b y e d u c a t i o n a n d r e s i
0 . 0
1 0 .0
2 0 .0
3 0 .0
4 0 .0
5 0 .0
6 0 .0
7 0 .0
P r im o rle s s _ U
P r im o rle s s R
J u n io r _ UJ u n io r - RH ig h - U H ig h - R
Percentage
y o u n g
m id d le
O ld - o ld
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
31/65
Grand-old people were still working, 2005
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 31
32.9
13.0
1.8
28.4
13.5
10.3
21.3
7.2
2.3
22.823.7
22.7
10.3
3.0 2.4
15.1
32.0
37.2
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
M-work F - work M - Houswork F - Housework M-Others F- others
Percentage
Sex and activities
young old
middle old
old-old
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
32/65
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 32
Gender, old people and work,
Susenas 2005 More than 30%, 20% and 10% of
young old men were working at time
of survey
For young old women, the % of
working is much less, that is 12%,
7% and 2.5% are working.
It has to raise concern of why the7% and 2.5% of middle old and
grand-old women are still working?
No social protection that they still
have to earn for their living?
Or relatives relative who
economically support them?
O l d p e o p l e b y a c t i t i v ie s a n d
0 . 0
5 . 0
1 0 . 0
1 5 . 0
2 0 . 0
2 5 . 0
3 0 . 0
3 5 . 0
4 0 . 0
M-work
-work
work ork -O
thers-others
ercentage
y o u n g
m i d d l e
o l d - o l d
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
33/65
The absent of social protection, 2005
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 33
40.6
13.5
31.1
14.8
34.0
10.9
40.8
14.4
30.1
9.6
47.1
13.3
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
M - 35 hrs+ F- 35+ hrs M- 35 hrs F -
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
34/65
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 34
Gender and the absent of social
protection, Susenas 2005
G e n d e r a n d H o u r s o f
0 . 0
5 . 0
1 0 . 0
1 5 . 0
2 0 . 0
2 5 . 0
3 0 . 0
3 5 . 0
4 0 . 0
4 5 . 0
5 0 . 0
M - 3 5 h r s +F - 3 5 + h r s M - 3 5 h r s F - < 3 5 h r s
erce
ntage
y o u n y
m i d d l
o l d - o l
Full time
The young old: 40% of men and lessthan 15% of women
The middle old: nearly 35% menand nearly 10% women
The grand-old: 30% of men andnearly 10% of women are tsillworking full time.
What kind of work are they doing?
Part time
40% and almost 50% of middle andgrand old men are working
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Half of the old people are poor, 2005
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 35
Percentage of old population who are poor and non poor,Susenas 2005
46.4
53.6
49.8 50.251.2
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
Poor Non-poor
Age
Percentage
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
36/65
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 36
Old people and poverty
Susenas 2005P e r c e n t a g e o f o ld p o p u la t io n w h o a r e
S u s e n a s 2 0 0 5
4 6 .
5 3 .
4 9 . 5 0 .5 1 .
4 8 .
4 2 . 0
4 4 . 04 6 . 0
4 8 . 0
5 0 . 0
5 2 . 0
5 4 . 0
5 6 . 0
P o o r N o n - p o o r
A g
P e r c e n t
Increasing percentage of poorold people by age
Slightly more than half of theold-old are poor
Only 46% of young old are poor.
M ld l li i l
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37/65
More poor old people live in rural area,
2005
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 37
33.48
55.28
66.52
44.72
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
Urban Rural
Percentage
Percentage of old population by residence and poverty
Poor non poor
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38/65
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 38
Poverty and residence
Susenas 2005
55.3% of poor old population live
in rural areas compared to 33.5 %
in urban
The non poor are more likely
found in urban areas
P e r c e n t a g e o f o ld p o p u la t io n b y r
3 3 .4
5 5 .
6 6 .
4 4 .7
0 . 0
1 0 .0
2 0 .0
3 0 .0
4 0 .0
5 0 .0
6 0 .0
7 0 .0
U r b a n R u r a l
P e r c e n
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39/65
Old women are poorer than old men,
2005
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 39
Percentage of old population by sex and poverty
46.08
53.92
49.39
50.61
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
Poor NonPoor
Percentage
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
40/65
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 40
Gender and poverty
Susenas 2005
More poor old women than men
49.4% of poor women compared to
46% of poor men.
Women live longer and do not remarry
P e r c e n t a g e o f o l d p o p u l a t i o n
4 6 .
5 3 .
4 9 .
5 0 .
4 2 . 0
4 4 . 0
4 6 . 0
4 8 . 0
5 0 . 0
5 2 . 0
5 4 . 0
5 6 . 0
P o o r N o n P o o r
P
ercentage
Middl d d ld l h
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
41/65
Middle and grand old people have
least income, 2005
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 41
Monthly income, and gender, Susenas 2005
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
Q1 - Q1 Q2 - Q2 Q3Male Q3 Q4 Male Q4 Q5 Male Q5
Month
lyIncomeinrupiah
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
42/65
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 42
How much do they earn monthly?
Susenas 2005 Poor young old female earns more income
than men
But this disappears with increases age
Grand-old people earn very little- applies
across the quintile.
Majority young old males earn almostRp100.000, Young old females earns
much less (Q2)
For higher income group (Q4 and Q5) the
middle and old old people almost no
income.
Need policy: empowerment to the young
old, and rescue for the middle and old-odl
people
M o n t h l y i n c o m e , a n d g e
0
2 0 , 0 0 0
4 0 , 0 0 0
6 0 , 0 0 0
8 0 , 0 0 0
1 0 0 , 0 0 0
1 2 0 , 0 0 0
Q 1 - Q 1 Q 2 - Q 2 Q 3 M a leQ 3 Q 4 M a leQ 4 Q 5 M a leQ 5
ont
y
ncom
e
nrupa
Y o u n g
M i d d l e
O l d - o l
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43/65
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 43
Number of staple food in a day.
Susenas 2003 Half of the old people eat less than 3
times a day.
More women than men
Is this reflecting poverty or wrongquestion?
What does makanan pokok (eat)means?
Indonesian use to eat rice three timesa day,
But there is a tendency to have breadand eggs for breakfast?
Need to be more prices in thequestionnaires?
P e r c e n t a g e o f o l d p e o p l e b y n u m b e r
2 0 0 3
0 . 0
1 0 . 0
2 0 . 0
3 0 . 0
4 0 . 0
5 0 . 0
6 0 . 0
Percentag
e
M a l e
F e m
8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri
44/65
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 44
Have animal protein in their diet?
Susenas 2003 Ten percent of old people do not
have animal protein in their meal
About 80% do have animal proteinbut less than 3 times a day
Very low percentage of old peoplehave animal protein 3 X a day
Not satisfied?
Need to improve questionnaires tocapture whether during breakfast,lunch or dinner.
A n i m a l p r o t e i n in a d a y ,
0 . 0
1 0 . 0
2 0 . 0
3 0 . 0
4 0 . 0
5 0 . 0
6 0 . 0
7 0 . 0
8 0 . 0
9 0 . 0
N o P r o te in < 3 x /d a y 3 X /d a y > 3 X /d a y
Perc
entage
M a le
F e m a
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 45
Have non animal protein in a day
Susenas 2003
Majority of old people eat non
animal protein less than 3 times
a day
Ten percent no non animalprotein at all
Little difference between men
and women
P e r c e n t a g e o f o ld p e o p l e e a t i n g n o
0 . 0
1 0 . 0
2 0 . 0
3 0 . 0
4 0 . 0
5 0 . 0
6 0 . 0
7 0 . 0
8 0 . 0
9 0 . 0
N o n a n im a l< 3 t m e s / d a y3 X / d a y > 3 X / d a y
ercentage
M a l e
F e m
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 46
Eating vegetables in a day?
Susenas 2003
Majority of old people do eat vegetables
but less than 3 times a day.
Only 15% eat vegetables 3 times a day.
No difference between old men and old
women
P e r c e n t a g e o f o l d p e o p l e b y n u m b e r
S u s e n a s 2 0 0 3
0 . 0
1 0 . 0
2 0 . 0
3 0 . 0
4 0 . 0
5 0 . 0
6 0 . 0
7 0 . 0
8 0 . 0
9 0 . 0
ercenta
ge
M a l e
F e m
E i f i i d ?
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 47
Eating fruit in a day?
Susenas 2003 75% old people do eat fruit but
less than 3 times a day
About a quarter of them do noteat fruit at all
Less old women eat fruit less thanthree times a day
Need questionnaires that is morefocus on food and nutrition for theold population
P e r c e n t a g e o f o ld p e o p le e a t in g f r u it i
2 3 .
7 5 .
0 . 0 . 1
2 5 .
7 3 .
0 . 0 . 1
0 . 0
1 0 . 0
2 0 . 0
3 0 . 0
4 0 . 0
5 0 . 0
6 0 . 0
7 0 . 0
8 0 . 0
Perce
ntage
M a le
F e m a
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Social activities?
Susenas 2003
Old l d li i ti it
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 49
Old people and religious activity
Susenas 2003
O l d p o p u l a t i o n a n d R e l i g o u s
3 9 .
6 0 .
2 9 .
7 0 .
0 . 0
1 0 . 0
2 0 . 0
3 0 . 0
4 0 . 0
5 0 . 0
6 0 . 0
7 0 . 0
8 0 . 0
R e li io u s a c t i v i t N o r e li io u s a c t iv i t
Percentage
M a l e
F e m
40% old men and 30% old womeninvolved in religious activity
More old men than old women attendedreligious activity
Religious activity can be used as vehicleto approach old people for informationabout well being or for services.
The general perception is that oldpeople survived in many challenges anddifficulties due to their religious belief.
But questionnaires should be improvedto capture religiosity?
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 50
Involved in ARISAN (revolving funds) ?
Susenas 2003
Very low percentage of old peopleinvolved in arisan activity
Little differences between old
women and old men
Arisan forum is less useful as a
vehicle to approach old
population?
M e m b e r o f a r is a n , S
1 4 .
8 5 .
1 6 .1
8 3 .
0 . 0
1 0 . 0
2 0 . 0
3 0 . 0
4 0 . 0
5 0 . 0
6 0 . 0
7 0 . 0
8 0 . 0
9 0 . 0
1 0 0 .0
Perce
ntage
M a le
F e m a
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Summary and further
research needed
S (1) Th i
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 52
Summary (1): The growing
number Number of old population grew slowly until 2015, rapidincrease started from 2015 to 2050
More old women than men, across the ages
The old-old (grand-old) women will be 1.1 million in
2010 compared to 0.7 million old-old men Consequences:
Living arrangement
Intergenerational transfer
Wellbeing
S (2) H t h
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 53
Summary (2): How to reach
successful ageing?
Who will become old by 2015 and onward? What are their characteristics now, will
they be able to support themselves?
How to reach successful and productiveageing?
Healthy and nutritious food,
Healthy lifestyles, Regular exercise?
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Further research needed
How to make younger population to be preparedfor ageing?
How to avoid risky ill prepared behavior?
Smoking, alcohol, drugs habit
Healthy eating habit
Doing regular exercise
How to improve productivity to get regular income
for pensions or old time insurance?
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 54
S (3) H h ld t t
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 55
Summary (3): Household status
and living arrangement
Old men are the head of household
But, 238 000 grand-old women are head
of HH
More old people are less likely to live in a
nuclear HH, meaning more caregivers?
Although many still live in nuclear family
F th h d d
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Further research needed Living arrangement:
three generations under one roof how old people shared their old values with their
grandchildren?
Will younger generation today able to support their
elderly people? Sandwich generations:
Middle age head of household have to take care of
their children
While at the same time they have to take care of theirparents or in laws
Are they ready?
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 56
S (4) G d d th
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 57
Summary (4): Gender and the
absent of social protection
Old women and men still have to work for
a living
Old women are less likely to work,
But there are still many middle and grand-
old women still working
More than 35 hours a day (full time work)
Need social protection rescue rather
than empowerment
F th h H t id
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Further research on : How to provide
social protection?
Rescue system for the grand-old population
Rescue system for some of the middle-old population
Create innovative productive activities of the young-old
population Develop a national policy of social protection
Prepare the younger genaration with regular income to
pay insurance
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 58
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Summary (5): Gender and
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 60
Summary (5): Gender and
poverty
More poor old women than men
Middle old and old-old are less likely to
have income
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Further research needed Research on how to empower the young old
Research on how to rescue for the grand-old and
some of the middle old?
How community based activities can involve to take
care of old people in their surrounding areas? How to push the Government to provide social
protection for these old population
03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 61
Summary (6): Gender and eating
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 62
Summary (6): Gender and eating
habit
No significant difference in eating habit
between old men and old women
In terms of staple food, protein, vegetables
and fruit
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Further research needed
Need detailed study on gender, poverty
issues and eating habit, attention to the
limited data
The existing culture: women were alwayssecond or third priority when come to food
consumption
How to change this attitude? This ispreparing for healthy population when they
are old.03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 63
Need detailed data national and
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03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 64
Need detailed data, national and
local level, for research on ageing
Further research on old people and social-
economic and religious activities
Data do not enough to explore social and
religious activities Need to be more focused on this topic
Suggest to BPS for separate modules on Old
population, socio-economic characteristics and
well being.
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Thank You