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Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri

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    Indonesias DemographicDividend and AgeingThe need for further research

    Prof. Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo PhDLilis MCicih Msi

    Demographic Institute Faculty of Economics University ofIndonesia

    Symposium on Global Ageing and the Development ofEducation and Research in Gerontology Geriatric

    Depok, CHRUI, 3 June 2009

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 2

    Indonesias Demographic Giant

    Number(millions)

    2005 2006 2015

    Population 225,3 227,9 250,4

    WRA 62,1 62,7 68,5

    Under five 21,6 21,5 21,0

    0-14 years 64,7 64,6 63,6

    Working age 148,3 150,6 170,8

    Ageing, 60+ 18,7 19,3 24,3

    Sumber: UN World Population Projection, 2002 Revision

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 3

    Number of children per 100

    working population

    1971 2000 2020-2030 >2030

    86 54 < 50Increase

    again due toexplosion of

    oldpopulation

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    Demographic Dividend and

    The Window of Opportunity

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 4

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    13/08/07 sm adioetomo/LD-EWC 5

    Dependency Ratio 0-14, 65+, total

    Indonesia 1950-2050

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    Perse

    65

    Total

    Demographic Bonus

    window of opportunity

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    13/08/07 sm adioetomo/LD-EWC 6

    Demographic Bonus(demographic dividend)

    Changes in age structure leading to

    economic bonus of demography

    (demographic dividend)

    The road to the opening of window of

    opportunity

    An opportunityfor human capital

    development

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    13/08/07 sm adioetomo/LD-EWC 7

    The Window of Opportunity

    The Indonesian window of opportunitywill open

    in 2020-2030

    Age Dependency Ratio at its lowest level 44

    young population compared to 100 workers Once in a lifetime

    Increases again after 2030 due to the rapid

    increase of old population

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    Rapid increase in life

    expectancies

    From 45 years in 1971 to

    70 years in 2009

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 8

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    The explosion of old

    population in Indonesia

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 10

    Need to decompose old

    population by age

    Young old = ages 60-69 years old

    Middle old = ages 70-79 years old Old-old (grand-old) = 80+ years

    Different ages needs different intervention

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    The UN Projection,

    2006 RevisionCalculated by

    Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo

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    Growth of old population, Indonesia 1950-2050

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 12

    0

    10,000

    20,000

    30,000

    40,000

    50,000

    60,000

    70,000

    80,000

    90,000

    Number('

    000

    )

    Year

    Number of old population by age, 1950 -2050 ,Indonesia

    80+

    70-79

    60-69

    World Population Projection, 2006

    Total 79.8

    21.4

    4.935.8

    32

    11.8

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 13

    Number of young, middle & grand-

    old people, Indonesia, 1950-2050 Source World Population Projection,

    2006 revision

    Increase in life expectancy from 45.7years in 1970, to 65.4 in 2000, 69.9 in2015, 76.9 in 2050

    Increase in number of old people 60+,from 4.9 million in 1950, to 21.4 m in2010 and to 79.8 in 2050.

    What is the social, economics andhealth consequences?

    Different agesdifferent needs forcaring and health services.

    G r o w th o f o l d p o p u l a t i o n b y a g e , 1 9 5

    0

    1 0 ,0 0 0

    2 0 ,0 0 0

    3 0 ,0 0 0

    4 0 ,0 0 0

    5 0 ,0 0 0

    6 0 ,0 0 0

    7 0 ,0 0 0

    8 0 ,0 0 0

    9 0 ,0 0 0

    1950

    1960

    1970

    1980

    1990

    2000

    2010

    2020

    2030

    2040

    2050

    Nu

    mber('000)

    8 0 +7 0 - 7

    6 0 - 6

    W o r l d P o p u la t io n P r o j e c

    T o t a l 7 9

    2 1 .

    4 .3 5 .

    3 2

    1 1 .

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    Old women outnumber old men

    always

    Why and how do they live?

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    Growth of young old by sex 1950-2050,

    will they be still productive?

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 15

    Number of young old by sex, Indonesia, 1950-2050

    0

    5,000

    10,000

    15,000

    20,000

    25,00030,000

    35,000

    40,000

    195

    0

    196

    0

    197

    0

    198

    0

    199

    0

    200

    0

    201

    0

    202

    0

    203

    0

    204

    0

    205

    0

    Number('000)

    male

    female

    1

    17.

    5.8

    6.7

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 16

    Number of young old by sex

    N u m b e r o f y o u n g o ld b y s e x , In d o

    0

    5 ,0 0 0

    1 0 ,0 0 0

    1 5 ,0 0 0

    2 0 ,0 0 0

    2 5 ,0 0 0

    3 0 ,0 0 0

    3 5 ,0 0 0

    4 0 ,0 0 0

    195

    0

    196

    0

    197

    0

    198

    0

    199

    0

    200

    0

    201

    0

    202

    0

    203

    0

    204

    0

    205

    0

    N

    umber('000) f e m a

    m a le

    m a l e

    f e m a l

    1 8 .

    1 7 .

    5 .8

    6 .7

    Number of young old women

    is always higher than that of

    men

    In 2010 there will be 5.8 million

    young old men, and 6.7 milyoung old women

    These increase to 17.2 m men

    and 18.5 female

    What are their socio-economic

    characteristics?

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    Growth of middle old by sex 1950-2050,

    some of them may still productive

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 17

    Number of middle old, Indonesia, 1950-2050

    0

    5,000

    10,000

    15,000

    20,000

    25,000

    30,000

    35,000

    40,000

    950

    960

    970

    980

    990

    000

    010

    020

    030

    040

    05

    Number('000)

    3.1

    3.11.

    14.2

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 18

    Number of middle old by sex

    N u m b e r o f m id d le o ld , In d o n e

    0

    5 ,0 0 0

    1 0 ,0 0 0

    1 5 ,0 0 0

    2 0 ,0 0 0

    2 5 ,0 0 0

    3 0 ,0 0 0

    3 5 ,0 0 0

    4 0 ,0 0 0

    1950

    1960

    1970

    1980

    1990

    2000

    2010

    2020

    2030

    2040

    2050

    Y e a

    Number('000) f e m a

    m a le

    3 .1

    3 .1 1 . 6

    1 4 .

    The differences by sex continue

    In 2010 there will be 3.1 m male and

    3.9 female middle old people

    In 2050 this increases to 11.6 middleold male and 14.2 middle old women

    The difference by sex is wider, more

    women survive to middle old

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    Growth of grand-old by sex 1950-2050,

    mostly need to be rescued

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 19

    The number of old-old in Indonesia 1950-2050

    0

    5,000

    10,000

    15,000

    20,000

    25,000

    30,000

    35,000

    40,000

    195

    0

    196

    0

    197

    0

    198

    0

    199

    0

    200

    0

    201

    0

    202

    0

    203

    0

    204

    0

    205

    0

    N

    umber('00

    0.7 Male

    1.1 Female

    7.6

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 20

    Number of grand-old people by

    sex, 1950-2005 Women live longer than men

    In 2010 there will be 1.1 million

    women compared to only 0.7 men

    aged 80 years and older

    The difference will be 3.3 million

    between old-old women, that is

    7.6 million compared to 4.3 old-

    old men.

    Old-old people need more care

    and social economic support

    T h e n u m b e r o f o ld - o ld i n I n d o

    0

    5 ,0 0 0

    1 0 ,0 0 0

    1 5 ,0 0 0

    2 0 ,0 0 0

    2 5 ,0 0 0

    3 0 ,0 0 0

    3 5 ,0 0 0

    4 0 ,0 0 0

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

    Number('000) f e m a

    m a le0 . 7 M

    1 .1 F e m a

    4 .

    7 .6

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    The Profile of Old Population

    Indonesia, 2005

    Calculated by

    Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo et. al.;

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    Number of old population by

    age and sex 2005

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 22

    Number of old population by age and sex, Susenas 2005

    5,0605,412

    10,472

    2,298 2,566

    4,864

    656 8131,470

    0

    2,000

    4,000

    6,000

    8,000

    10,000

    12,000

    Num

    ber('00

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 23

    Number- by Age and sex 2005

    Source of data Susenas 2005

    Men + Women: 10.4 million young

    old, 4.8 middle old, and 1.4 m old-old

    Young old: 5.0 million mencompared to 5.4 million women,

    Middle old: 2.3 million men

    compared to 2.6 women

    Old-old:0.65 million men comparedto 0.81 million women.

    N u m b e r o f o l d p o p u l a t i o n b y a g e

    5 , 05 ,4 1

    1 0 ,4

    2 ,2 9 2 , 5

    4 , 8

    6 5 8 1

    1 , 4

    0

    2 ,0 0 0

    4 ,0 0 0

    6 ,0 0 0

    8 ,0 0 0

    1 0 ,0 0 0

    1 2 ,0 0 0

    Number

    ('000)

    Y o u n g

    M id d le

    O l d - o ld

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    Old men were the head of HH, but there were 2,7

    millions of old women as head of household

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 24

    4,749

    1,661

    311

    3,750

    1,982

    879

    316

    1,687

    483238 173

    575

    0

    500

    1,000

    1,500

    2,000

    2,500

    3,000

    3,500

    4,000

    4,500

    5,000

    M-Head HH F -Head HH M -Non HHH F- Non HHH

    Number('000)

    Number of old people by age, sex and status as head of

    HH, Susenas 2005

    Young Old

    Middle Old

    Old Old

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 25

    Number - Age, sex, household head 2005

    The young old: 4.7 million men vs1.7m women as head of HH

    Middle old: 1.98 m men vs 0.87 mwomen as head of HH

    Old-old: 0.48 m men vs 0.23 mwomen as head of HH

    238 000 women aged 80 years+ arehead of household

    Who will take care of them andsupport their economic welfare?

    Thanks God, 3.7 m young oldwomen, 1.68 middle old and 0.57million old-old women not as HHhead.

    Does this mean that there areenough caregivers for them ?

    N u m b e r o f o l d p e o p l e b y a g e , se x a n d s tS u s e n a s 2 0 0 5

    4 ,7 4

    1 ,6 6

    3 1

    3 ,7 5

    1 ,9 8

    8 7

    3 1

    1 ,6 8

    4 8

    2 3 1 7

    5 7

    5 0 0

    1 ,0 0 0

    1 ,5 0 0

    2 ,0 0 0

    2 ,5 0 0

    3 ,0 0 0

    3 ,5 0 0

    4 ,0 0 0

    4 ,5 0 0

    5 ,0 0 0

    Number('000)

    Y o u n g

    M id d le OO ld O ld

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    Higher % of rural old people live in nuclear

    family 2005 who will take care of them?

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 26

    32.7

    52.2

    5.99.2

    27.3

    43.4

    11.3

    17.919.0

    35.6

    16.8

    28.7

    0.0

    10.0

    20.0

    30.0

    40.0

    50.0

    60.0

    Nuclear - Urb Nuclear - Rur Extended Urb Extended Rur

    Percentage

    Living arrangement

    Old people and living arrangement, Susenas 2005

    young ol

    middle ol

    old-old

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    27/65

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 27

    Age and living arrangement, 2005

    More old people in rural areas live in a

    nuclear family

    Care givers migrate to urban areas?

    Less old people live in extended family

    More grand-old people live in

    extended family than middle and

    young old.

    Meaning more care givers for old-old

    people?

    O l d p e o p l e a n d l i v i n g a r r a n

    0 . 0

    1 0 . 0

    2 0 . 0

    3 0 . 0

    4 0 . 0

    5 0 . 0

    6 0 . 0

    N u c le a r - U r bN u c le a r - R u r E x t e n d e d U r bE x t e n d e d R u r

    L i v i n g a r r a

    ercentage

    y o u n g

    m i d d l e

    o l d - o l

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    Old people are less educated

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 28

    Old people by education and residence, Susenas 2005

    0.0

    10.0

    20.0

    30.0

    40.0

    50.0

    60.0

    70.0

    Prim or

    less_U

    Prim or

    less R

    Junior _U Junior -R High -U High -R

    Percentage

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    30/65

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 30

    Education and Residence, 2005

    Most of the low educated old

    people reside in the rural areas

    Less than 30% of old people with

    low education live in urban areas

    Old people of 60 years and above

    were born in 1945 or earlier Too late to enjoy the 1973 SD

    Inpress established in all villages

    of Indonesia

    Need special services for the low

    educated men old peopleespecially in rural areas.

    O l d p e o p l e b y e d u c a t i o n a n d r e s i

    0 . 0

    1 0 .0

    2 0 .0

    3 0 .0

    4 0 .0

    5 0 .0

    6 0 .0

    7 0 .0

    P r im o rle s s _ U

    P r im o rle s s R

    J u n io r _ UJ u n io r - RH ig h - U H ig h - R

    Percentage

    y o u n g

    m id d le

    O ld - o ld

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    Grand-old people were still working, 2005

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 31

    32.9

    13.0

    1.8

    28.4

    13.5

    10.3

    21.3

    7.2

    2.3

    22.823.7

    22.7

    10.3

    3.0 2.4

    15.1

    32.0

    37.2

    0.0

    5.0

    10.0

    15.0

    20.0

    25.0

    30.0

    35.0

    40.0

    M-work F - work M - Houswork F - Housework M-Others F- others

    Percentage

    Sex and activities

    young old

    middle old

    old-old

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 32

    Gender, old people and work,

    Susenas 2005 More than 30%, 20% and 10% of

    young old men were working at time

    of survey

    For young old women, the % of

    working is much less, that is 12%,

    7% and 2.5% are working.

    It has to raise concern of why the7% and 2.5% of middle old and

    grand-old women are still working?

    No social protection that they still

    have to earn for their living?

    Or relatives relative who

    economically support them?

    O l d p e o p l e b y a c t i t i v ie s a n d

    0 . 0

    5 . 0

    1 0 . 0

    1 5 . 0

    2 0 . 0

    2 5 . 0

    3 0 . 0

    3 5 . 0

    4 0 . 0

    M-work

    -work

    work ork -O

    thers-others

    ercentage

    y o u n g

    m i d d l e

    o l d - o l d

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    The absent of social protection, 2005

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 33

    40.6

    13.5

    31.1

    14.8

    34.0

    10.9

    40.8

    14.4

    30.1

    9.6

    47.1

    13.3

    0.0

    5.0

    10.0

    15.0

    20.0

    25.0

    30.0

    35.0

    40.0

    45.0

    50.0

    M - 35 hrs+ F- 35+ hrs M- 35 hrs F -

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 34

    Gender and the absent of social

    protection, Susenas 2005

    G e n d e r a n d H o u r s o f

    0 . 0

    5 . 0

    1 0 . 0

    1 5 . 0

    2 0 . 0

    2 5 . 0

    3 0 . 0

    3 5 . 0

    4 0 . 0

    4 5 . 0

    5 0 . 0

    M - 3 5 h r s +F - 3 5 + h r s M - 3 5 h r s F - < 3 5 h r s

    erce

    ntage

    y o u n y

    m i d d l

    o l d - o l

    Full time

    The young old: 40% of men and lessthan 15% of women

    The middle old: nearly 35% menand nearly 10% women

    The grand-old: 30% of men andnearly 10% of women are tsillworking full time.

    What kind of work are they doing?

    Part time

    40% and almost 50% of middle andgrand old men are working

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    Half of the old people are poor, 2005

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 35

    Percentage of old population who are poor and non poor,Susenas 2005

    46.4

    53.6

    49.8 50.251.2

    42.0

    44.0

    46.0

    48.0

    50.0

    52.0

    54.0

    56.0

    Poor Non-poor

    Age

    Percentage

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    36/65

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 36

    Old people and poverty

    Susenas 2005P e r c e n t a g e o f o ld p o p u la t io n w h o a r e

    S u s e n a s 2 0 0 5

    4 6 .

    5 3 .

    4 9 . 5 0 .5 1 .

    4 8 .

    4 2 . 0

    4 4 . 04 6 . 0

    4 8 . 0

    5 0 . 0

    5 2 . 0

    5 4 . 0

    5 6 . 0

    P o o r N o n - p o o r

    A g

    P e r c e n t

    Increasing percentage of poorold people by age

    Slightly more than half of theold-old are poor

    Only 46% of young old are poor.

    M ld l li i l

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    More poor old people live in rural area,

    2005

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 37

    33.48

    55.28

    66.52

    44.72

    0.0

    10.0

    20.0

    30.0

    40.0

    50.0

    60.0

    70.0

    Urban Rural

    Percentage

    Percentage of old population by residence and poverty

    Poor non poor

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    38/65

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 38

    Poverty and residence

    Susenas 2005

    55.3% of poor old population live

    in rural areas compared to 33.5 %

    in urban

    The non poor are more likely

    found in urban areas

    P e r c e n t a g e o f o ld p o p u la t io n b y r

    3 3 .4

    5 5 .

    6 6 .

    4 4 .7

    0 . 0

    1 0 .0

    2 0 .0

    3 0 .0

    4 0 .0

    5 0 .0

    6 0 .0

    7 0 .0

    U r b a n R u r a l

    P e r c e n

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    Old women are poorer than old men,

    2005

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 39

    Percentage of old population by sex and poverty

    46.08

    53.92

    49.39

    50.61

    42.0

    44.0

    46.0

    48.0

    50.0

    52.0

    54.0

    56.0

    Poor NonPoor

    Percentage

  • 8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri

    40/65

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 40

    Gender and poverty

    Susenas 2005

    More poor old women than men

    49.4% of poor women compared to

    46% of poor men.

    Women live longer and do not remarry

    P e r c e n t a g e o f o l d p o p u l a t i o n

    4 6 .

    5 3 .

    4 9 .

    5 0 .

    4 2 . 0

    4 4 . 0

    4 6 . 0

    4 8 . 0

    5 0 . 0

    5 2 . 0

    5 4 . 0

    5 6 . 0

    P o o r N o n P o o r

    P

    ercentage

    Middl d d ld l h

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    Middle and grand old people have

    least income, 2005

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 41

    Monthly income, and gender, Susenas 2005

    0

    20,000

    40,000

    60,000

    80,000

    100,000

    120,000

    Q1 - Q1 Q2 - Q2 Q3Male Q3 Q4 Male Q4 Q5 Male Q5

    Month

    lyIncomeinrupiah

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    42/65

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 42

    How much do they earn monthly?

    Susenas 2005 Poor young old female earns more income

    than men

    But this disappears with increases age

    Grand-old people earn very little- applies

    across the quintile.

    Majority young old males earn almostRp100.000, Young old females earns

    much less (Q2)

    For higher income group (Q4 and Q5) the

    middle and old old people almost no

    income.

    Need policy: empowerment to the young

    old, and rescue for the middle and old-odl

    people

    M o n t h l y i n c o m e , a n d g e

    0

    2 0 , 0 0 0

    4 0 , 0 0 0

    6 0 , 0 0 0

    8 0 , 0 0 0

    1 0 0 , 0 0 0

    1 2 0 , 0 0 0

    Q 1 - Q 1 Q 2 - Q 2 Q 3 M a leQ 3 Q 4 M a leQ 4 Q 5 M a leQ 5

    ont

    y

    ncom

    e

    nrupa

    Y o u n g

    M i d d l e

    O l d - o l

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 43

    Number of staple food in a day.

    Susenas 2003 Half of the old people eat less than 3

    times a day.

    More women than men

    Is this reflecting poverty or wrongquestion?

    What does makanan pokok (eat)means?

    Indonesian use to eat rice three timesa day,

    But there is a tendency to have breadand eggs for breakfast?

    Need to be more prices in thequestionnaires?

    P e r c e n t a g e o f o l d p e o p l e b y n u m b e r

    2 0 0 3

    0 . 0

    1 0 . 0

    2 0 . 0

    3 0 . 0

    4 0 . 0

    5 0 . 0

    6 0 . 0

    Percentag

    e

    M a l e

    F e m

  • 8/7/2019 Indonesia's Demographic Dividend and Ageing, Prof Sri

    44/65

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 44

    Have animal protein in their diet?

    Susenas 2003 Ten percent of old people do not

    have animal protein in their meal

    About 80% do have animal proteinbut less than 3 times a day

    Very low percentage of old peoplehave animal protein 3 X a day

    Not satisfied?

    Need to improve questionnaires tocapture whether during breakfast,lunch or dinner.

    A n i m a l p r o t e i n in a d a y ,

    0 . 0

    1 0 . 0

    2 0 . 0

    3 0 . 0

    4 0 . 0

    5 0 . 0

    6 0 . 0

    7 0 . 0

    8 0 . 0

    9 0 . 0

    N o P r o te in < 3 x /d a y 3 X /d a y > 3 X /d a y

    Perc

    entage

    M a le

    F e m a

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    45/65

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 45

    Have non animal protein in a day

    Susenas 2003

    Majority of old people eat non

    animal protein less than 3 times

    a day

    Ten percent no non animalprotein at all

    Little difference between men

    and women

    P e r c e n t a g e o f o ld p e o p l e e a t i n g n o

    0 . 0

    1 0 . 0

    2 0 . 0

    3 0 . 0

    4 0 . 0

    5 0 . 0

    6 0 . 0

    7 0 . 0

    8 0 . 0

    9 0 . 0

    N o n a n im a l< 3 t m e s / d a y3 X / d a y > 3 X / d a y

    ercentage

    M a l e

    F e m

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    46/65

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 46

    Eating vegetables in a day?

    Susenas 2003

    Majority of old people do eat vegetables

    but less than 3 times a day.

    Only 15% eat vegetables 3 times a day.

    No difference between old men and old

    women

    P e r c e n t a g e o f o l d p e o p l e b y n u m b e r

    S u s e n a s 2 0 0 3

    0 . 0

    1 0 . 0

    2 0 . 0

    3 0 . 0

    4 0 . 0

    5 0 . 0

    6 0 . 0

    7 0 . 0

    8 0 . 0

    9 0 . 0

    ercenta

    ge

    M a l e

    F e m

    E i f i i d ?

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 47

    Eating fruit in a day?

    Susenas 2003 75% old people do eat fruit but

    less than 3 times a day

    About a quarter of them do noteat fruit at all

    Less old women eat fruit less thanthree times a day

    Need questionnaires that is morefocus on food and nutrition for theold population

    P e r c e n t a g e o f o ld p e o p le e a t in g f r u it i

    2 3 .

    7 5 .

    0 . 0 . 1

    2 5 .

    7 3 .

    0 . 0 . 1

    0 . 0

    1 0 . 0

    2 0 . 0

    3 0 . 0

    4 0 . 0

    5 0 . 0

    6 0 . 0

    7 0 . 0

    8 0 . 0

    Perce

    ntage

    M a le

    F e m a

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    48/65

    Social activities?

    Susenas 2003

    Old l d li i ti it

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    49/65

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 49

    Old people and religious activity

    Susenas 2003

    O l d p o p u l a t i o n a n d R e l i g o u s

    3 9 .

    6 0 .

    2 9 .

    7 0 .

    0 . 0

    1 0 . 0

    2 0 . 0

    3 0 . 0

    4 0 . 0

    5 0 . 0

    6 0 . 0

    7 0 . 0

    8 0 . 0

    R e li io u s a c t i v i t N o r e li io u s a c t iv i t

    Percentage

    M a l e

    F e m

    40% old men and 30% old womeninvolved in religious activity

    More old men than old women attendedreligious activity

    Religious activity can be used as vehicleto approach old people for informationabout well being or for services.

    The general perception is that oldpeople survived in many challenges anddifficulties due to their religious belief.

    But questionnaires should be improvedto capture religiosity?

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    50/65

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 50

    Involved in ARISAN (revolving funds) ?

    Susenas 2003

    Very low percentage of old peopleinvolved in arisan activity

    Little differences between old

    women and old men

    Arisan forum is less useful as a

    vehicle to approach old

    population?

    M e m b e r o f a r is a n , S

    1 4 .

    8 5 .

    1 6 .1

    8 3 .

    0 . 0

    1 0 . 0

    2 0 . 0

    3 0 . 0

    4 0 . 0

    5 0 . 0

    6 0 . 0

    7 0 . 0

    8 0 . 0

    9 0 . 0

    1 0 0 .0

    Perce

    ntage

    M a le

    F e m a

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    Summary and further

    research needed

    S (1) Th i

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 52

    Summary (1): The growing

    number Number of old population grew slowly until 2015, rapidincrease started from 2015 to 2050

    More old women than men, across the ages

    The old-old (grand-old) women will be 1.1 million in

    2010 compared to 0.7 million old-old men Consequences:

    Living arrangement

    Intergenerational transfer

    Wellbeing

    S (2) H t h

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    53/65

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 53

    Summary (2): How to reach

    successful ageing?

    Who will become old by 2015 and onward? What are their characteristics now, will

    they be able to support themselves?

    How to reach successful and productiveageing?

    Healthy and nutritious food,

    Healthy lifestyles, Regular exercise?

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    Further research needed

    How to make younger population to be preparedfor ageing?

    How to avoid risky ill prepared behavior?

    Smoking, alcohol, drugs habit

    Healthy eating habit

    Doing regular exercise

    How to improve productivity to get regular income

    for pensions or old time insurance?

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 54

    S (3) H h ld t t

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 55

    Summary (3): Household status

    and living arrangement

    Old men are the head of household

    But, 238 000 grand-old women are head

    of HH

    More old people are less likely to live in a

    nuclear HH, meaning more caregivers?

    Although many still live in nuclear family

    F th h d d

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    Further research needed Living arrangement:

    three generations under one roof how old people shared their old values with their

    grandchildren?

    Will younger generation today able to support their

    elderly people? Sandwich generations:

    Middle age head of household have to take care of

    their children

    While at the same time they have to take care of theirparents or in laws

    Are they ready?

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 56

    S (4) G d d th

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 57

    Summary (4): Gender and the

    absent of social protection

    Old women and men still have to work for

    a living

    Old women are less likely to work,

    But there are still many middle and grand-

    old women still working

    More than 35 hours a day (full time work)

    Need social protection rescue rather

    than empowerment

    F th h H t id

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    Further research on : How to provide

    social protection?

    Rescue system for the grand-old population

    Rescue system for some of the middle-old population

    Create innovative productive activities of the young-old

    population Develop a national policy of social protection

    Prepare the younger genaration with regular income to

    pay insurance

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 58

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    Summary (5): Gender and

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    60/65

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 60

    Summary (5): Gender and

    poverty

    More poor old women than men

    Middle old and old-old are less likely to

    have income

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    Further research needed Research on how to empower the young old

    Research on how to rescue for the grand-old and

    some of the middle old?

    How community based activities can involve to take

    care of old people in their surrounding areas? How to push the Government to provide social

    protection for these old population

    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 61

    Summary (6): Gender and eating

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 62

    Summary (6): Gender and eating

    habit

    No significant difference in eating habit

    between old men and old women

    In terms of staple food, protein, vegetables

    and fruit

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    Further research needed

    Need detailed study on gender, poverty

    issues and eating habit, attention to the

    limited data

    The existing culture: women were alwayssecond or third priority when come to food

    consumption

    How to change this attitude? This ispreparing for healthy population when they

    are old.03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 63

    Need detailed data national and

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    03/june/2009 smadioetomo/symposium CHRUI 64

    Need detailed data, national and

    local level, for research on ageing

    Further research on old people and social-

    economic and religious activities

    Data do not enough to explore social and

    religious activities Need to be more focused on this topic

    Suggest to BPS for separate modules on Old

    population, socio-economic characteristics and

    well being.

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    Thank You


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