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INDOOR AIR POLLUTION AS PART OF OVERALL
AIR POLLUTION IN ASIAN CITIES
Lidia Morawska
Queensland University of Technology
This presentation
Will explore: Indoor generated pollution in Asia (and
worldwide) The effect of outdoor pollution on
indoor exposures The impact of indoor emissions on
outdoor pollution
Airborne pollutants
Particles
Inorganic gases (CO, CO2, NOx, SO2)
Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOC)
Inorganic trace elements (Pb, V, Br, etc)
Biological agents
Ozone
Radon (Rn)
Indoor generated pollution in Asia
Highest indoor concentration levels of particles resulting from open fire burning and cooking:
China 3000 g m-3
India 6800 g m-3
Nepal 8200 g m-3
Guidelines for Air Quality. WHO, 2000
Comparison with outdoor standards or objectives
TSP
g/m3
PM10
g/m3
PM2.5
g/m3
Annual 24 h Annual 24 h Annual 24 h
US 50 150 15 65Australia 50 8 25Hong Kong 80 260 55 180
Indoor generated pollution in Asia and worldwide
Indoor source number 1: SMOKING
Emissions of particulate matter from one cigarette:Up to 3 mg/minUp to 22 mg/cigarette
Indoor generated pollution in Asia and worldwide
Indoor source number 2: COOKING
Emissions from cooking:Of the order of 4 mg/min
Indoor generated pollution in Asia and worldwide
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Roja
s-B
racho e
t al.,
2000
Abt, S
uh, A
llen, &
Koutr
akis
, 2000
Monn, et al.,
1997
Monn e
t al.,
1995
Monn, et al.,
1997
Monn, et al.,
1997
Roja
s-B
racho e
t al.,
2000
Lee, G
uo, Li,
& C
han,
2002
Lee, Li,
& A
o, 2002
Long, S
uh, &
Koutr
akis
,
2000
Monn, et al.,
1997
Roja
s-B
racho e
t al.,
2000
Monn, et al.,
1997
Lee, G
uo, Li,
& C
han,
2002
Roord
a-K
nape e
t al.,
1998
Reference
PM
10
In
do
or/
Ou
tdo
or
Ra
tio
PM10 Indoor/Outdoor Ratio
Indoor generated pollution in Asia
Progress in improving indoor air quality: dissemination of knowledge
New book appearing now:
Title: Residential Decoration: Beware of killers of Human Health
Publisher: China Building and Architecture Press
Author: Guoqiang Zhang & Likui Yu
Outdoor pollution and its impact on indoor air
In urban air
Motor vehicle emissions constitute the most significant source of
pollutants
Over 4000 pollutants emitted by vehicles!
Outdoor pollution and its impact on indoor air
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Lillquis
t et al.,
1998
Lillquis
t et al.,
1998
Li 1
994
Lee, G
uo, Li,
& C
han,
2002
Li a
nd H
su, 1993
Quackenboss e
t al.,
1989 L
i 1994
Monn e
t al.,
1997
Li 1
994
Lillquis
t et al.,
1998
Lee e
t. a
l., 1
999
Lee, G
uo, Li,
& C
han,
2002
Li e
t. a
l., 1
994
Monn e
t al.,
1995
Lee, G
uo, Li,
& C
han,
2002
Reference
PM
10
In
do
or/
Ou
tdo
or
Ra
tio
PM10 I/O Ratio
No indoor sources
INDOOR EMISSIONS: IMPACT ON OUTDOOR AIR
Contribution to pollution
in the urban air shed
Micro scale pollution
Greenhouse emissions related to building sector - CO2 - some facts
• 25-30% of total energy-related emissions• 10-12% of the increase in net radiative forcing, which is inducing global warming
• between 1980 and 1990, emissions from buildings have grown by 1.7% per year with rates 4 times greater in developing countries
• building emissions predicted to grow by 2.6% a year to the year 2020
WHERE TO FROM HERE?
Education and information
Efficiently using the available knowledge
Based on the above, developing approaches most suited to local and regional needs