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Indoor Air Quality 101:Indoor Air Quality 101:The BasicsThe Basics
Historical InformationHistorical Information
• IAQ issues are not ‘new’– Old Testament
• Leviticus, Chapter 14, verses 34-47– 1970’s is significant – Increase in IAQ-related problems
• Buildings designed/constructed ‘tighter’• Buildings maintained more efficiently• Heightened ‘public’ awareness
– Influx of Litigation• Celebrity Lawsuits – Ed McMahon; Erin Brockovich• Texas – Ballard Case• Ohio – Builder sued for $75 million
– More Recently• Mold exclusions in insurance policies• More clarification from “experts”
Indoor Air QualityIndoor Air Quality
• There is no such thing as “bad” air.
• There are simply pollutants and pollutant pathways.
Indoor PollutantsIndoor Pollutants
• Chemicals– volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
• Biologicals– bacteria– fungi (mold)
Indoor Pollutant SourcesIndoor Pollutant Sources
• Chemicals– office equipment/supplies– cleaning solutions– air deodorizers
Indoor Pollutant SourcesIndoor Pollutant Sources
• Biologicals– Mold primary pollutant
• What do you need to grow mold?– Mold spores– Moisture source– Food source– Temperature 40-100 degrees
Indoor Pollutant SourcesIndoor Pollutant Sources
• Biologicals– moisture sources
• ventilation systems• roof/wall/floor system penetrations
– moisture-contacted materials• sheetrock• ceiling tiles• carpets• furnishings
Pollutant PathwaysPollutant Pathways
• Ventilation systems
• ‘Passive’ migration indoors
Major causes of poor IAQMajor causes of poor IAQ
• Pollution sources
• Improperly operated and maintained HVAC
• Building occupants and their activities
More causes of poor IAQMore causes of poor IAQ
• Reduced ventilation• Building materials and furnishings• Water intrusion -- mold growth• Deferred maintenance• Pests/vermin• Pesticides – inside or outside • Cleaners• Dirty carpets• Personal care products
But these aren’t Root Causes !
So … what are “Root” Causes?So … what are “Root” Causes?
1. Lack of awareness of how everyone’s typical activities affect IAQ.
““Root” Causes (continued)Root” Causes (continued)
2. Lack of clear communication between school and district staff on issues affecting IAQ.
““Root” Causes (continued)Root” Causes (continued)
3. Lack of awareness by all of a basic knowledge of IAQ in general and the workings of the school, including the mechanics of the school, e.g. Ventilation.
Root Causes RecapRoot Causes Recap
• Typical activities
• Communication
• Basic knowledge
Identify these in the photos. Identify these in the photos.
Actual ConditionsActual Conditions
Mold
Algae
BlockedBlockedReturnReturn
For air to come out of here
It has to get in there
Ventilation Unit of Ventilation Unit of Portable Classroom Portable Classroom
Outside air intake
Bathroom exhaust
Air Intake located by…Air Intake located by…
A hole in the wallA hole in the wall
Storage area on other side Storage area on other side of wallof wall
What About Our Schools?What About Our Schools?
The Fallacy of Air TestingThe Fallacy of Air Testing
• Lack of standard testing methodology– Tape sample– Settling plate– Air-O-Cell– Andersen N-6
The Fallacy of Air TestingThe Fallacy of Air Testing
• Lack of standard interpretation– Indoor vs. Outdoor
• Speciation• Concentration
Let’s Do A Couple Of ExamplesLet’s Do A Couple Of Examples
• Example One– Outdoor Concentrations
• O1 1,000 M• O2 500 M
3
3
Average 750 M3
Let’s Do A Couple Of ExamplesLet’s Do A Couple Of Examples
• Example One– Outdoor Average 750 M
• Room 1 250 M• Room 2 500 M• Room 3 600 M
3
3
3
3
– Interpretation: Rooms are all good
Let’s Do A Couple Of ExamplesLet’s Do A Couple Of Examples
• Example Two– Outdoor Concentrations
• O1 500 M• O2 600 M
3
3
Average 550 M3
Let’s Do A Couple Of ExamplesLet’s Do A Couple Of Examples
• Example Two– Outdoor Average 550 M
• Room 1 250 M• Room 2 500 M• Room 3 600 M
3
3
3
3
– Interpretation: Room 3 is bad
Commercial Testing KitsCommercial Testing Kits
Sample Commercial ReportSample Commercial Report
A Cheaper AlternativeA Cheaper Alternative
So When Is There A Problem?So When Is There A Problem?
Most experts agree, mold is problematic when Most experts agree, mold is problematic when it can be detected by your senses.it can be detected by your senses.
Tools for Schools ProgramTools for Schools Program
What is What is Tools for SchoolsTools for Schools??
• A program for making all school-site staff educated advocates for good IAQ practices.
• A program for the entire school to learn to recognize/prevent IAQ problems in their building.
IAQ Tools for Schools IAQ Tools for Schools ProgramProgram
• Voluntary EPA program used in over 10,000
schools nationwide
• EPA provides training, awards, technical
assistance, publications
• Many EPA partners working to implement
program
IAQ Tools for Schools IAQ Tools for Schools ProgramProgramOriginal Kit Co-SponsorsOriginal Kit Co-Sponsors
NATIONAL PARENT TEACHER ASSOCIATION
NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
COUNCIL FOR AMERICAN PRIVATE EDUCATION
ASSOCIATION OF SCHOOL BUSINESS OFFICIALS
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS
AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION
IAQ Tools for SchoolsIAQ Tools for SchoolsProgram PartnersProgram Partners
American Association of School Administrators (AASA)American Association of School Administrators (AASA) American Federation of Teachers (AFT)American Federation of Teachers (AFT) Association of School Business Officials (ASBO)Association of School Business Officials (ASBO) Council of Educational Facility Planners International (CEFPI)Council of Educational Facility Planners International (CEFPI) National Education Association (NEA)National Education Association (NEA) National Association of School Nurses (NASN)National Association of School Nurses (NASN) American Lung Association (ALA) American Lung Association (ALA) Asthma & Allergy Network*Mothers of Asthmatics (AAN*MA)Asthma & Allergy Network*Mothers of Asthmatics (AAN*MA) National Association of County Officials (NACo)National Association of County Officials (NACo) National Environmental Health Association (NEHA)National Environmental Health Association (NEHA) National Catholic Education Association (NCEA)National Catholic Education Association (NCEA) National Parent Teacher Association (PTA)National Parent Teacher Association (PTA) Council of Catholic Facility Managers (CCFM)Council of Catholic Facility Managers (CCFM) National School Board Association (NSBA) National School Board Association (NSBA) And others…. And others….
IAQ Tools for Schools IAQ Tools for Schools Kit Kit ContentsContents
Coordinator’s Guide
Checklists for the Entire Building
Instructional Videos
Road Map
Asthma Guide
Problem Solving Wheel
TfS Six Key DriversTfS Six Key Drivers
Effective IAQ ProgramEvaluate
Act Plan
Assess
OrganizeCommunicate
James Notter(IAQ Coordinator)
Risk Management(Occupational Health & Environmental Compliance)Jeffrey S. Moquin, Director Risk ManagementAston Henry, Supervisor Risk ManagementEd See, Project Manager Occupational Health & Environmental Compliance
Physical Plant Operations(Preventative Maintenance / Repairs)
Mark Dorsett, Manager I, Zone IRichard Lees, Supervisor I HVAC
Jack McDonald, Supervisor I Evening HVACRobert Crawford, Supervisor I Roofing
Rob Jindracek, Project ManagerEMS
Physical Plant Operations(Custodial Maintenance / Pest Control / Grounds)
Roy Norton, Manager I, Custodial/Grounds Ron Eggenberger, Manager Grounds
William Swartz, Certified Pest Control OperatorCustodial Supervisors
Facilities(Major Abatement / Project Management / Design)Robert Krickovich, Coordinator, LEADerrick Ragland, Executive Director Project ManagementClaudia Munroe, Executive Director Design ServicesRick Rosa, Project Manager I
FACILITIES TASK FORCE
Indoor Air Quality ProgramIndoor Air Quality Program Management StructureManagement Structure
Implementation of TfS ProgramImplementation of TfS Program
• Decision to participate• Notification letter to parents outlining
location’s involvement with TfS• Establish an IAQ committee• Introductory training• Overview to staff• Complete survey• Participate in validation walkthrough process• Ongoing communication of results and
corrective actions• IAQ committee provides ongoing
communications on IAQ issues as necessary
AnnualAnnual Cycle Cycle
Conduct Annual Assessment
to Identify Potential
IAQ Issues
Validate Issues of Concern and Identify Corrective Action Plan
Initiate and Complete Corrective
Actions
Two Primary Mechanisms of Two Primary Mechanisms of AssessmentAssessment
• Annual TfS Occupant Survey
• IAQ Response Protocol
IAQ Response ProtocolIAQ Response Protocol
Online IAQ Assessment RequestOnline IAQ Assessment Request
Fill in all fields and click “Click Here” button
Answer Yes or No and click the “Submit” button
If “No” a separate window will open with the IAQ Response Protocol
If “Yes” your request for an assessment has been submitted
What’s Next:What’s Next:
IAQ Assessment ReportIAQ Assessment Report
Accessing Online ReportsAccessing Online Reports
Click on “Location Assessment Profile” folder
Choose school type and click folder
Choose school name
View IAQ Assessments
View IAQ Work Orders
Numbers on the IAQ ProgramNumbers on the IAQ Program
• With Phase VI participation, there are now currently 165
schools participating in the TfS program.
• Through the 1st five phases of the program, there have
been…
– 26,747 concerns identified through the on-line survey
– 145 walkthroughs conducted
– 615 work orders generated for corrective action
• Through the IAQ Assessment Protocol, there have been…
– 1,209 requests for assessment
– 1,197 evaluations conducted
– 1,210 work orders generated for corrective action
Questions ???Questions ???