Date post: | 13-Apr-2017 |
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Engineering |
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Industrial AutomationPE- 5421
Prof. Charlton S. InaoDefence University
For Manufacturing and Metallurgy Group
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Pneumatic System
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Component parts of Pneumatic System
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Circuit Diagram of Pneumatic Elements
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Pneumatic Air Receiver
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Air Supply System
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Pneumatic Service Units(Filter, Regulator,Lubricator)
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DIRECTIONAL CONTROL
VALVES
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Directional Control Valves
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Logic AND function
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Logic AND Application
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Logic OR Valve
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Or Valve Application
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Pneumatic Valves
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Methods of Actuation
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Week 3
Pressure Control ValvesFlow Control ValvesCylinders
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Flow Control Valve
Restrictor Valve
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Flow Control Valve
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Meter In Circuit
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Meter Out circuit
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Cylinders• Single Acting Cylinders•Double Acting Cylinders•Rodless Cylinders•Ram Cylinders
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Single Acting Cylinder
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Double Acting Cylinder
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Rodless Cylinder
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Used in Robotics, hi speed manufacturing, semi conductor assembly and manufacturing and proportional pneumatics
Ram Cylinder
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Rotary Actuators
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Rotary Actuators
• Pneumatic motors- Torque motors
• Hydraulic motors- winch, cement mixer
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Rotary Actuator
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Torque Motor(Turbine Flow Motors)
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Mono Directional
• Single Direction or Rotation Actuator
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Bi -Directional
• Double or Reversible Rotary Actuators
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Pneumatic Gear Motor
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Pneumatic Sliding Vane Motor
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Rotary Actuators-Vane Type
Pneumatic Vane MotorsBalanced Unbalanced
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Pneumatic Piston Motor
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Axial piston In Line with Swash Plate
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Axial Piston (Bent Type)
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Process Control Valves
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Diaphragm operated control valve
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Formula for Process Control Valves
• Change in the flow rate=k(change in stem displacement)
• Q/Qmax=S/Smax
• ∆Q/Q=k ∆S
• Q/Qmin=(Qmax/Qmin)(S-Smin)/(Smax-Smin)
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Where• k=constant• Q=is the flow rate at a valve displacement S• Qmax=the maximum flow rate at the
maximum displacement Smax• Q/Qmax=S/Smax• Therefore the percentage change in the
flowrate equals the percentage change in the stem displacement.
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Sample Problem
• An actuator has a stem movement which at full travel is 40 mm. It is mounted on a process control valve with an equal percentage plug and which has a mimimum flow rate of 0.2 m3/s and a maximum flow rate of 4 m3/s. What will be the flow rate when the stem movement is a) 10 mm b) 20 mm.
• Given:• Smax=40mm• Smin=0 mm• Qmin=0.2 m3/s• Qmax=4m3/s
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• Required: What will be the flow rate when the stem movement is a) 10 mm b) 20 mm.
• Solution A: Q/Qmin=(Qmax/Qmin)(S-Smin)/(Smax-Smin)
• Q/0.2=(4/0.2) (10/40)
• Answer a) 0.423 m3/sec• Solution B• Q/0.2=(4/0.2) (20/40)
• Answer b) 0.89 m3/sec
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Flow Coefficients and Valve Sizes
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Control Valve Sizing Formula
• Q=Av√ ∆P/ρ
Where
Av= valve flow coefficient
∆P = the pressure drop across the valve
ρ=density of the fluid
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Sample problems-Control Valve• Determine the valve size that is required to control the flow of
water when the minimum required flow is 0.012 m3/s and the permissible pressure drop across the valve at this flow rate is 300 kPa.
• Using the equation:
Q=Av√ ∆P/ρ
Av=0.012√1000kg/m3/300x103
Av=69.3 x10-5
Then using Table 5.1 Flow Coefficients and Valve Sizes, the valve size is 960 mm.
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Pneumatic Applications
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Package Transfer