Industrial Revolution
A time of great rapid changes beginning in the early 1800’s when people switched from making goods by hand to manufacturing them with power-driven machines
Agriculture declinesFactories and urban population increaseInventions and technology increaseImmigrants and blacks migrate into the
northern citiesWorker unions form
Famous Inventors
Henry Ford First powered car and
the assembly line which allowed factories to manufacture goods faster, cheaper, and in larger quantities
Famous Inventors
Thomas EdisonMost prolific inventor in U.S. history. Held a record
1,093 patents in a wide range of fields, including telecommunications, electric power, sound recording, motion pictures, primary and storage batteries, and mining and cement technology
Telegraph, phonograph, light bulb motion picture camera, …
Famous Inventors
Alexander Graham BellWorked with hearing impaired and invented
the first telephone
Famous Inventors
Orville and Wilbur WrightInvented the first powered airplane
North Carolina’s Three Main Industries
Textiles Tobacco
Furniture
Industrialists
John D. Rockefeller oil
Andrew Carnegie steel
The Duke’s tobacco and hydro-electric
power
Rockefeller, Carnegie, and the Duke’s
Stinkin, filthy richMonopolized an industryPhilanthropist – a wealthy person who
promotes welfare by donating money to educational and cultural institutions
Monopoly and TrustMONOPOLY – a company that controls all production and sales of a particular product or service
TRUST – group of corporations that unite in order to reduce competition and control prices in a business or an industry
Both are illegal due to the negative effects it had on the economy (ie. disparity in wealth and restriction of small business owners)
Robber Barons
Name given to the industrialists that used their power and influence to ruthlessly take advantage of workers and destroy competitors in order to gain wealth.
Types of Businessescorporation – A group of people who are
allowed by law to act as a business. They raise money by selling stock (shares of ownership) in the company.
monopoly – A business which gains complete control of a certain product, service, or industry. When companies buy up other companies to control the sale of a product.
trust – a combination of corporations formed by a legal agreement to reduce or threaten to reduce competition in order to control prices
Positive Effects on Agriculture
New methods of farming - ie. rotating cropsFarming becomes more productive due to
fertilizer, pesticides, steel plowsMachines replace human laborFarming becomes easier with new technologyCould transport goods faster with railroads
and carsTelephones could connect farmers and citiesPost offices allowed farmers to order supplies
and tools through cataloguesFarmer’s Alliance – farmer’s union formed to
help address their issues
Negative Effects on Agriculture
New Technology = less farmers needed = move to the city to find work
Prices of crops fellPrices of tools, machines, seeds, and
shipping went upFarmers had to take out loans and often
couldn’t repay themHigh land taxSharecroppers stayed in debt
Urbanization- a movement of people from low populated, rural areas to highly populated cities and towns.
Positive EffectsNew kinds of jobs and opportunities
opened upNew modes of transportationSuburbs began to open upImmigration created diversitySteel structures and skyscrapers were builtNew inventions and most people had
electricity and running waterLabor unions were formed to help workers
Urbanization- a movement of people from low populated, rural areas to highly populated cities and towns.
Negative EffectsImmigrants lived in extreme poverty in
crowded tenementsSweatshops and child laborOvercrowding, disease, pollution, crimeCorrupt government officials that did not
address the problems of the common peopleBig businesses monopolizing industry and
getting wealthy off of exploiting workers (long hours, low pay, and dangerous conditions)
