Industrial Training Report

Industrial training report

PREFACE

During my industrial training period of past 4 months, I was cherished with practical

experiences, knowledge on site procedures and general knowledge on industry. My

training establishment was Sanken Construction (Pvt) Ltd and Isuru Engineering (Pte)

Ltd. I am very much pleased in presenting this report on which I gained there.

The period that I spent with Sanken Lanka as a trainee was diametrically different from

the life in ICBT. But during that short period I gained a lot of experiences on civil

engineering construction, realized the value of having a balanced theoretical and practical

knowledge and realized about the expected role of engineers from the industry.

What I observed about the organization, what I gained as practical experiences and my

opinions on training are agglomerated in this report.

First elaborates about my training establishment- Sanken Construction (Pvt) Ltd and

Isuru Engineering (Pte) Ltd.

The most important thing is what I gained during the training period all those things are

summarized in this report. I included there what I have done, what I have seen and what I

have come to know during that period. Site procedures including store procedures, safety

functions and financial procedures are mentioned that I observed there. Technical

experiences that I gained there are described. Functions and duties that I was involved

and technical and social matters raised are also included.

What I have gained during past 4 months physically and spiritually, my attitudes

regarding industrial tanning and the training establishment, my overall assessment on this

training session and my own suggestions to improve the training to give more effective

training to future batches are also presented.

HND/CV/MT/02/24 Higher National Diploma in Civil Engineering

International College of Business and Technology Page 1


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Theory without practice is not lead to success. The industrial training program

organized by ICBT mount campus is highly appreciated because this was a golden

opportunity to me as an undergraduate.

First of all, I would like to thank Mr. Gamini Rajakaruna for taking a few

moments of his valuable time to guide me and support me throughout the course of this

project. He all the time encouraged us to work on this module and appreciated our good

work is well. He gave us excellent feedbacks and motivated us more on this industrial

training. He did a greatest dedication regarding industrial training and encouraged us to

get maximum use of industrial training. I would also like thank our site manager Eng.

Anurudhdha.

I would also thank project Engineers Eng. Kapila Weerasinghe, Eng. H.L.N

Priyadharshani, Eng. Samitha Saparamadu and all the other staff members of project who

provided me such a good training and assisted me in many ways.

And finally my thanks also tend to my parents, family members, my colleagues

and all the others who helped me to have a successful training period.




Table of content

Page Number

Preface………………………………………………………………………..…….01

Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………….…02

A) Profile of the Project………..………….……………………………………….04

B).Description Of the Project...…………………………………………………….09

C).Experience Gained...………………………………………………………..…...24

D).Observations Made.…………………………………………………………..…54

F).Any problems encountered and solutions found… …………………………..…56

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….59

Reference……………..………………………………………………………….…60




A) Profile of the Project

Sanken construction (Pvt) Ltd

About Sanken Construction

Formation

Sanken construction traces its roots back to their joint venture with Mitsui Construction

Company of Japan. Mitsui Construction Company commenced their operation in Sri

Lanka in 1977 with a Branch office in Colombo. In May 1984, a Company by the name

Mitsui construction Company Lank (Pvt.) Ltd. was incorporated under FIAC

authorization to undertake Civil and Building construction work. This was extended in

December 1985 to include, the Leasing and Hiring of Industrial equipment. Four years

onwards, a name change from Mistui construction Company Lanka (Pvt) ltd took place.

Additionally in March 1991, approval was obtained for the sale of Ready mixed concrete-

a pioneering venture of construction Industry in Sri Lanka. In 2011 Sanken Lanka (Pvt)

Ltd changed its name to Sanken Construction (Pvt) Ltd in Sri Lanka.

Affiliation

Sanken Construct in one of the highest ranked construction companies (ICTAD –

C1 Grade)

Sanken Construction is a member of National Construction Association of Sri

Lanka (NCASL)

Sanken Construction is ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System Certified

Company.

Awards




ICTAD Construction Excellence Award (2007) for the construction of “Capitol

Residencies” luxury Apartments.

Bronze Award for Export of Business and Professional Services by National

Chamber Of Exporters of Sri Lank in (2007 and 2008)

Construction Excellence Award for Buildings (National) by National chamber of

Construction of Sri Lanka (2007).

Merit Award in Education and Training on Special projects by Ceylon Chamber

of Commerce (2008).

Sanken Lanka Vision

Sanken Lanka Vision



VISION

“To be Sri Lanka’s Premier construction service provider”

MISSION

“To provide Quality professional services, exceeding customer expectations, by effective utilization of all resources within the best practices of the industry”


Quality Policy

At Sanken Construction (Pvt) Ltd are a team committed to provide a quality product and

services at affordable price, on time, In the execution of construction projects and the

manufacture of related products, with the support of our valuable suppliers and in total

harmony with society and the environment.

Sanken Construction is further committed, to satisfy our customer whilst improving the

quality of life of our organization.

Sanken Construction value the team work, efficiency, responsibility and responsiveness

to achieve these goals through optimization of resources and continual improvement of

their systems, At all levels of operations, to further enhance the quality of their products

and services.

Services

Construction contracts

Property development

Ready mixed concrete

Hiring of scaffoldings

Design and build contracts

Consultancy

Hiring and leasing of machinery

Trading




Sanken Construction (Pvt) Ltd

Established : 23rd May 1984

Previous Registration No : N (PVS) 1109

Present registration No : PV 9889

New date of registration : 14-10-2011

In Sanken Lanka

a) Project Name. On 320 Residential Apartment




b) Name of the Client: John Keels Residential Properties (pvt) Ltd

c) Name of the Consultant: Surath Wickramasinghe Associates

d) Name of the Contractor: Sanken Construction (pvt) Ltd

e) Duration of the Project: 3 years

f) Estimated Cost: Rs. 5, 548, 275, 000.00




g) Type of Contract: Lump sum

h) Defect Liability Period: 1 year

i) Percentage of Retention: 5%

j) Performance Security: 5%

B).Description Of the Project:

In Sanken Lanka

a) Project Location- No 320, Union Place, Colombo 02




Escape, whilst in the hustle and bustle of town. Centrally located in the heart of

Colombo’s commercial and business hub, “OnThree20” is just minutes, if not seconds

away from hotels, schools, recreational centers, supermarkets, department stores,

cinemas, restaurants and clubs




b) Organization chart



DGM (projects)

Executive Director

Manager (projects)


c) Overall Scope of the project.

3 Towers of 38 Storeys with 475 Apartment Units

Over half an acre of landscape garden on the podium level, 2,000 sqft Gymnasium, 40

Visitor parking lots, Large club house, Multi-purpose function rooms, BBQ pits,

Business center, Squash Court, Steam Room and Indoor Games Rooms. HND/CV/MT/02/24 Higher National Diploma in Civil Engineering


Project Manager

Site Manager IISite Manager I Site Manager III

Site Engineer II Site Engineer II Site Engineer III

Project Engineer

Project Engineer

Project Engineer

Project Engineer

Project Engineer

Project Engineer

Project Engineer

Project Engineer

Assistant

Engineer

Assistant

Engineer

Assistant

Engineer

Assistant

Engineer

Assistant

Engineer

Assistant

Engineer

Assistant

Engineer

Assistant

Engineer

Assistant

Engineer

Trainee Engineer

I

Trainee Engineer

II

Technical officer I

Trainee Engineer

III

Trainee Engineer

IV

Technical officer II

Trainee Engineer

V

Trainee Engineer

VI

Technical officer III

Supervisor I Supervisor I Supervisor I Supervisor I Supervisor I Supervisor I Supervisor I

Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers


Facilities and Finishes

Apartments

Air Conditioning for Living / Dining Area and Bedrooms

Pantry Cupboards with Hob & Hood

Maid's Room(Available in some Apartments / Optional)

Balcony for the living area

Intercom system

Porcelain Tiled floor with wooden skirting

Veneered finish doors




Aluminum Glazed windows & Sliding doors

Central Gas system

Hot Water (Geyser) in Bathrooms and Kitchen

MATV System







Common Areas

Covered Car parking for each apartment plus an option to purchase additional car

parks (based on availability)

Building Management System

Standby Power

Broadband Infrastructure

Separate Entrance Lobbies in each Tower

Over half an acre of landscape garden on the podium level

Swimming pool, Lap pool & Kiddies pool

2,000 SqFt Gymnasium




40 Visitor parking slots

Large Club house and 2 multi-purpose function rooms

BBQ Pits

Business Centre

Squash Court

Steam Room

Indoor Games Room




A) Profile of the Project:

In Isuru Engineering (PTE) LTD

Isuru Engineering (PTE) LTD, popularly referred in the Construction sector as ISURU

(IEL), true to its' vernacular meaning having achieved popularity among clients.

Isuru Engineering (PTE) LTD, popularly referred in the Construction sector as ISURU

(IEL), true to its’ vernacular meaning having achieved popularity among clients,

commenced its construction activities in 1993 and became a member of the National

Constructors Association of Sri Lanka.

Dedication and Commitment to high ideals helped IEL to achieve ICTAD M1 Category

in Building Construction, within a very short span through the support of our professional

staff consisting of a dedicated team of highly skilled and qualified Engineers and

Technical Officers trained in the latest technology.

Vision of Isuru Engineering (PTE) LTD



VISION

To be the best service provider in construction industry for

Sri Lanka.


Mission of Sri Lanka Ports Authority

Company History

IEL commenced its operations in 1993 with Chairman/Managing Director and a Director.

A small Team of Engineers provided the support services at the inception. IEL received

Membership of National Construction Association of Sri Lanka in January 1997.

Since then it has undertaken Construction work in Sri Lanka and the Republic of

Maldives. Through perseverance and dedication, and with the gradual build up of the

Engineering team, it managed to rise to the highest ICTAD Grading within a short period

of 4 years. Similarly upgrading was possible in the fields of Water Supply & Drainage,

Highways and Bridge Construction. IEL has been admitted to the Dun & Bradstreet

Global Database. IEL has been assessed and certified for meeting the requirements of

ISO 9001-2000 by SGS, United Kingdom, and has reached a prime position in the

construction field through its highly successful operations in Sri Lanka and abroad.



MISSION

To provide comprehensive, state-of-the-art services in

Construction Industry, using latest technology together with

competent service personnel to meet the highest standards of

the Construction Industry with honesty and integrity.


Achievement

National Construction Association of Sri Lanka Membership was awarded to

Isuru Engineering (Pte) Ltd in 1997

Institute for Construction Training and Development (ICTAD) awarded higher

grading Building Construction, Water Supply & Drainage, Road Works etc in

1997

Admitted to the Dun & Bradstreet Global Database in 2003

Awarded ISO 9001-2000 System Certification in 2008

Machinery and work shop

IEL maintains a large contingent of machinery, equipment and vehicles and has access to

machinery and equipment to undertake the following works:

Earth excavation

Earth haulage

Earth compaction

Road Construction

Water Supply and Drainage Work

Water Retaining Structures

High Elevation Water Towers

Sumps




Sewer Treatment and Disposal Facilities

Road construction

Fabrication of steel structures

School Buildings, Hotels and Multi Storey Buildings

a) Project Name. Proposed Office complex

b) Name of the Client: Mrs.V.J Neththikumara

c) Name of the Consultant: Mr. T.P Weerasinghe

d) Name of the Contractor: Isuru Engineering (PTE) LTD

e) Duration of the Project: 6 months

f) Estimated Cost: Rs 23,556,852/=

g) Type of Contract: Lump sum

h) Defect Liability Period: 6 month

i) Percentage of Retention: 5%

j) Performance Security: 5%




B).Description Of the Project:

In Isuru Engineering (PTE) LTD

a) Project Location- Nawala road, Nugegoda

b) Organization Chart



Project Manager

Site Engineer

Technical Officer Trainee Engineer

Store keeper


Project manager

Project manager is responsible for overall administration of the site. Co-ordination with

different persons involved in project, personnel management at site, take heed of

financial matters and quality control are done by project manager. All the officers

employed in the site are under project manager’s control.

Site engineer

Site engineer is responsible for all the construction works carried out at site and relevant

instructions should be given to work supervisors by site engineer. Works according to

drawings and specifications should be carried out and payments to sub contractors also

should be done under his inspection.

Checking bar bending schedules, checking financial aspects of the site, involving in

ordering material, machinery and equipments from suppliers and participating in progress

meetings are done by site engineers.

Work supervisor



Watcher

Workers


Giving relevant instructions to workers, getting the plans from site engineers, controlling

laborers at work site, issuing materials to the site under approval of site engineers and

supervise the works done by workers should be done by site supervisor.

Quantity surveyor

Quantity surveyor is involved in preparing quantities of work done by measuring them,

preparing bills for sub contactors, preparing material comparisons and preparing cost

break downs.

Store keeper

Store keeper is responsible for all affairs of site stores. Most often financial aspects of

stores were conducted by store keeper in these sites. Cash floats, expenditure of the site,

pay sheets for the casual staff etc. were maintained by him.

Store helper

Stores helper maintains the stores properly with records of receiving and issuing of

materials, tools, machinery and other inventory items. Making labour records is also done

by him.

Watcher

Watcher is responsible in site security.




C).Experience Gained

During my industrial training period of 4 months worked under the supervision of Eng.

Kapila Weerasinghe –one of the site Engineers in On Tree 20 Project. The training

experiences are spread to a large area because this project is a huge project. The

experiences including the duties and functions which I had to perform can be categorized

as follows.

Backfilling:

Backfill material shall be clean earth fill composed of sand, clay and sand, sand and rock,

crushed rock, or an approved combination thereof. Backfilling shall be divided into three

specified areas: First, from trench grade to a point 12 inches above the top of the utility,

called initial backfill; second, from the top of the pipe zone to the bottom of the subgrade

called final backfill; and third, from the bottom of the replacement base course to the

replacement surface. Where encasements or other below grade concrete work have been

installed, backfilling shall not proceed until the concrete has obtained sufficient strength

to support the backfill load.




Initial Backfill

Granular material shall be carefully placed and tamped around the lower half (springline)

of the utility. Backfilling shall be carefully continued until the fill is 12 inches above the

top of the utility in layers not exceeding 6 inches (uncompacted thickness), using the best

available material from the excavation, if approved.

The material shall be lowered to within two feet above the top of pipes before it is

allowed to fall, unless the material is placed with approved devices that protect the pipes

from impact. Initial backfill shall exclude stones, or rock fragments larger than one inch

for either ductile iron. HDPE or PVC pipe. Compacting each lift shall be equal to 100%

of maximum density as determined by AASHTO T-99.

C. Final Backfill: The remainder of the trench, above initial backfill and below the

subgrade, shall be backfilled and compacted in layers not exceeding 12 inches

(uncompacted thickness), except that the last two lifts shall not exceed six inches




(uncompacted thickness) per lift. Compaction of each lift shall be equal to 100% of

maximum density as determined by AASHTO T-99.

Shoulder Restoration: All shoulder restoration shall be in accordance with the applicable

permit requirements of the agency having jurisdiction.

In excavated locations outside a 2(horizontal) to 1(vertical) slope downward from the

shoulder line or the back of the curb, backfill (initial and final) shall be compacted to a

density equal to 95% of maximum density, as determined by AASHTO T-99, or to

natural existing density of the adjacent undisturbed trench embankments, whichever is

greater.

Protective Concrete Slab: Protective concrete slabs shall be installed over the top of

trenches, where required, to protect the installed utility against excessive loads, or when

insufficient cover exists.

Compacting:

Compaction Methods: Specified compaction shall be accomplished using accepted

standard methods (powered tampers, vibrators, etc.), with the exception that the first 12

inches of backfilling over the pipe shall be compacted by hand-operated tamping devices.

Flooding or puddling with water to consolidate backfill is not acceptable, except where

sugar sand is encountered and the operation has been approved by the Engineer of Record

Location of Density Tests: Density tests for determination of the specified densities shall

be made every 1000 feet parallel to roadways and at least one test location under each

perpendicular roadway cut. Reference the standard construction details for density test

requirements for trenches at flexible pavement.




Test backfill compaction at each specified location, at the finished backfill surface

elevation and at a point 12 to 16 inches beneath the finished surface elevation.

Density Tests: Density tests for determination of the above-specified compaction shall be

made by a qualified testing laboratory. If any test results are unsatisfactory, the

Contractor shall re-excavate, recompact the backfill, and retest, at his expense until the

desired compaction is obtained.

Additional compaction tests shall be made to each side of an unsatisfactory test, as

directed, to determine the extent of re-excavation and re-compaction necessary. Test

results shall be made available to SLCU for their records.

Applying Screed concrete

Brick work




Walls were constructed by burnt clay bricks using 1:5 cement sand mortar. External walls

were constructed into 225 mm thickness and internal walls into 112.5 mm thickness.

Setting out for brick work

Setting out for brickwork

Above figure elaborates how setting out lines should be marked for brickwork. Two

offset lines should be marked on either sides of brick wall. When the wall plaster is done,

correct measurements can be taken from those offset lines. 25 mm allowance should be

left on both sides of a door or an opening.




Construction of brick walls

1:5 cement sand mortar was used here. 225 mm thick walls were constructed in English

bond and 112.5 mm thick walls in stretcher bond. Concrete floor was wetted with water

before laying bricks. Column surfaces that contact with brick wall were chipped and a

grout paste was applied on that.

Verticality of brick wall should be checked while constructing. Mortar layers should be

10 mm in thickness but practically it was higher than that. That causes to over

consumption of cement and sand as I studied in my work study on brick work.




The walls will be carried out uniformly in all cases where the mature of the work admits

it. The work will not be built higher than 1.5m in a day. The courses will be kept

perfectly horizontal and every course will be checked for level and plump.

Bricks should be wetted with water before use in brickwork. If the bricks are not wetted

the brick will absorb all the water in mortar. So that no water will be left for hydration of

cement in the water.

The blocks should not be wetted before use. Wetting will produce moisture expansion in

the block, which will subsequently increase the shrinkage of the wall.

Verticality of walls is checked with the plumb bob and straight edge. In usual practice we

have certain restriction for the proper vertical alignment.

1. Un-uniformity brick sizes.

2. When aligning the top course of the brick, bottom brick alignment deviate.

3. Careless of masons and lack of supervision.

4. Tools error.

Construction of columns

Setting out for columns

Setting out for columns was done using theodolite and steel tape. Marking lines was done

using marking chord. It is very important to set out columns accurately otherwise they

can be buckle or fail due to excentric loads applied on them.

Laying kickers




After setting out was done, kickers were laid in to 75 mm thickness. Steel kicker boxes or

plywood sheet boxes were used for its formwork. Grade 40 concrete was used there.

Curing kickers should be done at least for 7 days.

Reinforcement for columns

Overlapping and cranking main bars and tying stirrups into correct spacing are main

functions of column formwork. Column reinforcement and dimensions were different by

place to place according to loads applied on them. It should be checked whether correct

bar type is used, correct spacing were left between stirrups, lap length and crank length is

correct and good quality reinforcement is used. Column formwork required 30 mm

covering.

Lap length (LL) = D2 x 50

Crank length (CL) = (D1 + D2+ 5) x 10

Formwork for columns

Column formwork was fixed to kickers. Steel column boxes or formwork done by

plywood sheets were used. Sponge sheets were placed in joints of formwork to avoid

leakage of grout. Before fixing formwork internal surfaces of formwork were covered

with form oil. After fixing jacks and props, laying electrical conduits and placing cover

blocks were done. Then verticality of column formwork was checked. Checking

verticality was done at two edges of each face, to avoid twisting of column.

Concerting columns




Existing surface of concrete should be made rough in order to have strong bond between

newly concreted part and older part. Existing surface was also wet with grout for same

purpose. Concreting was done using grade 25 machine-mixed concrete. Since free fall

height of concrete should not be higher than 1200 mm, each lift of column concreting

was not exceeded that height. Poker vibrator was used for compact concrete well.

Lap length & Crank length

Striking column formwork & curing

Column formwork was removed after a day (24 hr) from concreting. Then curing was

done for 7 days applying moist gunny bags.




Construction of beams and slab

Setting out for beams & slab

1000 mm height level of columns was marked on column surfaces. Level instrument was

used there. Level of beam bottom was marked using that level.

Formwork of beams and slab

Formwork for beam & Slab

Beam and column formwork was fixed using plywood sheets, 2” x 2” wooden bars,

galvanized iron pipes, separates, p-cones and form ties. Props were placed at 600 mm x

600 mm distances to support beam and slab formwork. A “U-head” was placed on each

prop and then galvanized iron pipes were laid horizontally and tied them. Power saw was

used for cutting plywood sheets and then fixed side boards for beams and formwork for

slab. Verticality of side boards and dimensions of formworks should be checked. Painting

form oil was done on formwork. HND/CV/MT/02/24 Higher National Diploma in Civil Engineering



Form ties, P-cones and separates were placed at 600 mm distance, after laying

reinforcement.

Reinforcement for beams and slab

Tor steel bars for beam reinforcement were re-bended and tied in another place. They

were placed on 2” x 2” wooden bars laid at beam formwork and they were jointed at

columns. They were lowered in to beam formwork after tying cover blocks. Slab

reinforcement was laid on slab formwork. Stools (bent tor steel bars) were placed to keep

space between top and bottom layers.

Slab & beam reinforcement; Stop board is set at 2/3 of span and sponge sheets

are used for prevent leakage.




Level check for beams & slab

Level check of slab & beams

Leveling the slab and beam formwork should be done after laying reinforcement.

Although slab and beams were fixed to right level, it can be deviated due to loads applied

and exposure to bad weather conditions. Level check is done using level instrument and

inverted staff.

According to the figure 2.2,

Instrument reading = b

Then,

1000 mm + a + b = (floor to floor height) - (thickness of plywood sheet) + 5 mm

b = [(floor to floor height) - (thickness of plywood sheet) + 5 mm- (1000 mm+ a)]

Jacks are tightened and loosen until slab and beams are leveled (until value “b” is

achieved). 5-mm clearance is left to be settled when laying concrete.




Concreting beams and slab

Concreting slab and beams was done using ready mix concrete. Supplier was ELS

Constructions (Pvt) LTD.

Ready mix concrete is used when concreting is done in large scale. Concrete is mixed at

batch plant and then transported to site by truck mixers with rotating drum. Pumping

concrete up to slab is done by a pump car. Slump test and preparing concrete cubes to test

compressive strength are done for concrete transferred by each truck mixer. Retarders

have been added to concrete not to be hardened until it is transported to the destination.

Generally pump car is provided with a flexible hose / pipe to drive concrete. A grout

mixer is driven through the pipe in order to lubricate the internal surface. Concrete should

be poured not to be segregated and should be compacted well and leveled in to relevant

thickness before it is hardened.

Advantages of ready mix concrete,

Labour associated with mixing concrete is saved.

There will not be wastage of basic materials.

Noise and dust pollution created at site is reduced.

Ready mix concrete has better quality.

Striking beam and slab formwork & curing

The striking time of formwork depends on type of cement, grade of concrete, dimension

of the section and the temperature of the concrete. High striking time requires in cold




weather. Minimum striking time for side formwork of beams, under side formwork of

slabs according to its span is mentioned in table 2.1. Curing was done for slab and beams

for 7 days using moist gunny bags.

Sticking time of formwork

Type of formwork Striking time

Side formworks of beams, columns or

walls

24 hr

Slab formwork up to 4.5 m span 7 days

Slab formwork above 4.5 m span &

under side of beams up to 6 m span

14 days

Under sides of beams and arches over

6 m and up to 9 m span

21 days

Cantilever slab and beams 21 days




Safety Procedures

Introduction

According to the Health and Safety Policy statement of the company there are

several objectives as follows

Preventing accidents

Maintaining site safety at reasonably high standards

Providing appropriate training to workers

Supplying adequate resources to work in safety

Auditing the effectiveness of the safety management system regularly

In the site there were workers with different educational and social levels.

Sometimes they got quick decisions which create huge accidents. An accident is an

unpredictable event or steps of events, with a result of a personal injury or property

damage. The situations and places which essential to insert risk analysis can be listed as

follows. It is the responsibility of the safety management board to minimize the risks of

this kind of situations.

1. Working at high places or confined places

2. Falling objects from high places

3. Working with fire

4. Preparing for a blasting operation

5. Working on temporary scaffolds and platforms

6. Using temporary access and ladders

7. Operating machinery with temporary electrical installations

8. Places of excavation

9. Working in underground

10. Using chemicals and hazards substances




In this project the safety rules and regulation that the authorities have taken can be

categorized as general site rules, specific safety rules and personal protective equipments

and Safety Promotion and Communication Methods.

General site rules

Persons under 18 years old should not be employed in the site

At the site all the persons should wear safety helmets and other personal

protective equipments

Any person who enter to the site without permissions, is not allowed

No allowance to enter into confined places in the site without permissions

Using of alcohol, drugs are prohibited in the site

The working place and the environment should be cleaned

All persons in the site have same right to report any accidents, incidents or unsafe

conditions immediately

Specific safety rules

There were specific safety rules for special works like fire work, electrical work,

scaffolding work, welding work, machinery work, marine work, and works of confined

work etc. These rules should be communicated the relevant working people in a simple

manner. Following the safety rules are highly affected to minimize the accidents.




Personal protective equipments (PPE)

1. Safety helmet

All the persons who entered into the site and working areas should wear as a

protection against injuries to head from falling objects.

2. Eye goggles

It should be wear in the process of material grinding, chipping, and breaking.

3. Ear protectors

Ear protectors should be worn when participate the noisy operations above 85 dB

4. Safety shoes

Safety shoes and boots should be worn when instances like slab concreting is

going on, as the cement can adversely affect the human skin, when walking on grounds

having harmful particles such as unwanted nails, parts of steel bars etc.

5. Reflective vests

It should be worn the workers who are working in tunnels, near the temporary

roads, near to blasting places for easily identifications.

6. Gloves

Cotton gloves should be worn when operating and handling of general

equipments and materials.

PVC gloves should be used when handling of chemical substances.

Leather gloves should be used when handling of hot working processes

and machineries like drilling machines.

7. Face masks

When doing the operations like grinding, breaking processes or working at dusty

conditions masks should be worn.




8. Safety belts

It is a must when working in higher elevations.

Safety Promotion and Communication Methods

Safety notice boards

Safety posters

Safety warnings and alarm tones – specially in blasting operations

In addition to above methods the contractor of the project has been provided one

first aid box for every 50 workers in the site. And first aid box is placed accessible

location and has marked “FIRST AID”.

Financial Procedures

The financial procedure Of Sanken Lanka development project is Measure and

Pay method. They measure the quantities according to the standard drawings and pay

money according to the unit rates in BOQ.

I also involved in calculating quantities by referring relevant drawings. The

financial procedure of Tank farm project which is a simultaneous project of and

construction is Lump-sum method.




Financial matters were mainly conducted by store keeper under the inspection of site

engineer.

Payments for sub contractors

Work done by each sub contractor is measured and quantities are calculated. Prepared bill

for that quantity is sent to the base office and payment is done by the base office.

Petty cash payment

Expenditure for daily conduct of site is recorded and cash float is sent to base office with

bills. Generally cash float is sent when cumulative cost reaches to Rs. 25,000. Then the

payment is done from the base office.

Plant, equipment & machinery

Backhoe loader

Backhoe loader is a most commonly used engineering vehicle which can be used for

excavation of soil, light transportation of material, breaking asphalt etc. It consists of a

shovel in front side and a back hoe in back side. At work sites where I worked we hired

backhoe loaders when they were needed.

Concrete mixer

Concrete mixer is used to combine cement, water, fine aggregate (sand) and coarse

aggregate to form concrete. It is a portable machine driven by a diesel engine. Concrete

mixer contains of a revolving drum to mix components. Generally cement of one cement




bag with aggregate and water in relevant proportions could be mixed in one turn to be

well mixed.

Vibrating rammer

Vibrating rammer is usually used for compact soil in small scale. The base plate at the

bottom vibrates when operating.

Vibrating rammer

Plate vibrator

Plate vibrator also used for compaction. But it doesn’t give heavy compaction strength as

vibrating rammer




Angle grinder

Angle grinder can be practically used for many purposes such as grinding surfaces,

cutting steel bars, cutting tiles, wire brushing etc

Plate vibrator

Electric drill

Electric drill contains of removable bit from which drilling can be done. This can be used

for drill wood, concrete etc. Bits can be fixed according to the purpose.




Electric drill

Poker vibrator

Poker vibrator is a machine powered by petrol, and consists of a cable with vibrating

edge. Vibrating cable is put in to green concrete to be compacted it well.

Circular power saw

Power saw is an electric machine that is used for cutting wood. It consists of a rotating

serrated circular blade.

Bar cutter

Bar cutter is also an electric machine from which steel bars can be cut efficiently.




Bar cutter

Sander

Wooden surfaces can be grinded using sander. This also is an electric machine.

Sander




Field Tests

a) Slump Test

The slump test was conducted to examine the workability of the concrete in fresh

stages. As the apparatus for the test, a conical shaped mould and a tamping rod were

used.

Slump Test Apparatus

The concrete was poured into the mould in three layers and 25 blows were applied

for each layer using the tamping rod. Then the mould was removed and let to concrete

behave itself. Then the decrease in the height of the center of the slumped concrete was

measured to nearest 5 mm as the slump value. According to the shape of the concrete

after removing the mould the slump was called as a true slump, shear slump and

collapsed slump.



100mm

300mm

600mm

Mould

Tamping rod

200mm

Plate


Laboratory Tests

There were several tests in the site laboratory which were done by the contractor’s

engineers.

a) Cube crushing

Casting tests cubes were conducted also in site laboratory at least one sets of

cubes for each continuous operation and any event of concreting more than 75 m3. I

examined the casting of cubes using vibrators. The moulds of 150 mm × 150 mm × 150

mm were used for casting cubes and vibrating period was 60 s for one set. Six cubes were

included for one set of cubes and they were marked at the same time. For identification of

the cubes the date casting, the grade of the concrete and a symbol to identify the relevant

concreting at the site were marked. After 24 hours of

casting the moulds were removed.

The testing of cubes was carried out after 7 days

and 28 days of casting using Cube Testing Machine

and with software called “Super Test 5”.

Using the software is very convenience to get

results quickly and accurately. It shows a relevant

graph of Time Vs Applied load for each cube. And it

also clearly indicates the crushing point of the cube.

As the results we can obtain the force applied (kN), force applying rate (kN/s),

strength of the concrete cube (MPa) and average strength.



Cubes Testing Machine


Concrete Core Testing

The Concrete Core Testing is done if there was an unexpected failure in test cubes

without reaching the required strength. Cylindrical core specimen with a diameter of

100mm and a depth of 100 mm are taken out from the hardened concrete of relevant

location. And it is examined and tested by engineers.

Some picture of On three20 site

Anti termite for Screed concrete




Arrangement of column form work

Concrete curing




Arrangement of form work for slab




Applying form oil for beams




Arrangement of form work for lift wall

Applying concrete for lift wall and stair case area HND/CV/MT/02/24 Higher National Diploma in Civil Engineering



Concrete chipping




Arrangement of Slab reinforcement

D).Observations made:

Major delay cause in this project

Weather

Main problem sites was flood and heavy rain. Sometimes we couldn’t even reach

to the site due to flood.







Lack of labors

Lack of subcontractor’s skill

Design changes

Additional works / Quantity variation

Unclear site drawings supplied to the contractor

Lack of labor

Absence of consultant’s site staff.

Lack of experience on the part of the consultant.

F).Any problems encountered and solutions found:

Identification of weather pattern in the early stage of the project will help in

prepare accurate time schedules for the project work that might be affected due to

bad weather. The planer will be able to identify and sequence the activities

accurately. Also daily or weekly planning can be carried out according to the

weather pattern. For example finishing work and plastering work of a building

project can be carried out in rainy days while excavations work can be carried out

during dry periods.

To prevent frequent or late changes at critical stages of design and construction,

all parties involved must know what’s going on with each phase of the project.

With thousands of documents and pieces of correspondence that flow between

participants, it’s easy to have misunderstandings and errors. One way to keep HND/CV/MT/02/24 Higher National Diploma in Civil Engineering



track of everything is by having a collaborative information management system

that everyone involved has access to.

Ensure the document is easily understood and all points are clear. Once the

contract is drafted, ensure that the project team is familiar with all the details of

the contract and that everyone (contractor, client, financier, etc.) is fully aware of

their obligations. “As the work progresses, make certain that the procedural

requirements under the contract are followed,” Always Associates adds. The same

meticulousness for detail should be applied to plans and specifications.

Build an ideology for project manager, engineers, architects etc so that they can

recognize delay problems which will lead to large losses as well as the project

completion on time. Simultaneously, top management should establish a fair

reward and punishment policy which has to be strictly applied.

The working conditions should be improved gradually aiming at building proper

working atmosphere; this will help work done more effectively.

The human resource training towards professionalism in the management and

professional ethic improvement need to be set out and prioritized.

If the consultant’s managerial skill is weak; it is not be able to satisfy the size and

the demand of project. It is not only necessary to promote professionalism in the

work of quantity estimates and design, but also very strict in choosing the

consultant, designer and the basic of collecting consultant must rely on their

capacity. Simultaneously, the responsibility must be assigned to definite

individual.

Get early warning of delays due to the client. Client delays arise because they

change their minds, give their instructions too late or are slow in approving




drawings etc. To overcome this issue contractor and client should have proper

coordination and understanding.

CONCLUSION

In retrospection of past 4 months when I had industrial training I think it was a precious

era of my life.

I was involved in three construction sites during the industrial training period. I think

each and every thing that I gathered there widened my knowledge and also my

experiences. I could realize the worth of practical knowledge against theoretical

knowledge. As it is not worthwhile theoretical knowledge without practical experiences,

it is also not worthwhile practical experiences without theoretical knowledge. There must

be a good combination of both those aspects to be a good civil engineer.

Being exposed to supervision of works done at site, doing setting outs etc, I could grasp

many things regarding technical side. I also could get a good practice on using theodolite




and level instrument. Labour management at site and work studies improved the

management skills in to a considerable state.

I could recognize many people in the industry and also could realize the roles played by

persons from upper levels to the lower level of organization structure. I noticed about the

duties and responsibilities of each personnel in organization structure. I observed the

conduct of them, how they motivate personnel under them and how they carry out works.

Those good features may cherish my future career. Getting an idea about site engineer’s

role was important to me since I didn’t have a clear idea about that before.

Training site was a pleasant place for me since all the staff members treated me in a

friendly manner. The establishment denoted a good attitude on trainees. Site engineers

gave me valuable advices and helped to widen my knowledge. Work supervisors also

helped to gather experiences on technical aspects. Works that were given to me were

interesting. I was given freedom to learn there. It was trainee’s responsibility to get

maximum use of training period. Considering my own experiences, I recommend Sanken

construction (Pvt) Ltd as a good training establishment for future trainees.

I have got the real vision on civil engineering construction from this industrial training.

The experiences gained there, focused me to my future ambition – to be a salutary good

civil engineer and serve to my motherland. So I think arranging a training session at the

end of the level 2 is good since it will be a real motivation to undergraduates for their

further studies. If the semesters containing subjects relevant to construction management

were sandwiched between two industrial training sessions, it would be easy to grasp the

scope of those subjects.

In overall assessment regarding my industrial training, I can satisfy with things what I

have gained. Gained a good experience on technical matters and had an idea about site

management. It is very important to know the interaction between theory and its

application. Designing should be done through a good practical knowledge. I learnt many

things that should be grasped only through practical experiences.

I could capture the real picture of civil engineering construction during this period. As a

civil engineering undergraduate, I got an idea about WHAT should I practice and WHY




should I do that. Good attitudes were created towards the industry. So the industrial

training period worthwhile to me as it gave me a confidence to fulfill my future ambitions

- to be a good civil engineer and also a salutary person to the country.

REFERENCE

Contract Document of the project

Method Statements

Drawings

Official web page of Sanken construction (Pvt) Ltd

Official web page of “On three20”

Official web page of Isuru Engineering (Pvt) Ltd

Lecture Notes of Soil Mechanic



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Industrial Training Report

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