CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 INDUSTRIAL INTERNSHIP PROGRAMME Industrial Internship program is meant for a programmed that is dedicated for learning by doing after the theory and knowledge has been taught. Specifically, industrial internship program is dedicated to give the university student to undergo the training in the related industry, out of the class formality to build the student potential in job market. Undergo the industrial training is an important aspects for the student. This training is one of the compulsory courses that have been listed in the curriculum University Malaysia Pahang (UMP) and compulsory to be followed by every Diploma students as well as Degree holders as one of the conditions to be graduating. 1
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INDUSTRIAL INTERNSHIP PROGRAMME
Industrial Internship program is meant for a programmed that is dedicated
for learning by doing after the theory and knowledge has been taught.
Specifically, industrial internship program is dedicated to give the university
student to undergo the training in the related industry, out of the class formality to
build the student potential in job market.
Undergo the industrial training is an important aspects for the student. This
training is one of the compulsory courses that have been listed in the curriculum
University Malaysia Pahang (UMP) and compulsory to be followed by every
Diploma students as well as Degree holders as one of the conditions to be
graduating.
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1.1.1 SCOPE OF TRAINING
The scopes of this training are:
I. To position the student into related industry/organization to give an
exposure, experience as well as professional skills in all aspects of
Engineering .
II. To have a skilled, responsible and high morality of engineer ethics.
III. To open the opportunities for the industry to have a permanent employee.
1.1.2 INTERNSHIP OBJECTIVES
The purpose of Industrial Internship Programmed is to introduce the
students to the real working environment. From this program, the students will
experience responsibilities as an engineer and also exposed to the ethic in
engineering. Besides, this program will develop skills in communication and
management. The detail objectives of the program can be listed as below:
To integrate theories and practices. Student would be able to utilize and
implement their knowledge and skills in a real working environment. This
internship program will give student a chance to see an overall view of
working in Industry.
To introduce students to work culture and industrial practices. In this way,
students would not have any problems in familiarizing and adapting themselves
in real working situation. Three months of working environment allows
students to sharpen their interactive skills and skills manipulation.
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To give opportunity to students to work with industrial practitioners. They
can gain so much knowledge and experiences from the expertise. This can raise
eagerness for students to work in electronics business companies such as
SONY. This can be a great advantage to students who are exposed to
experienced personnel where they can possibly learn and share new
knowledge.
To expose students to potential employers. Students have an advantage and
opportunities to work for their Host Company’s during their internship period
after they graduate later.
1.1.3 INTERNSHIP GOALS
i) Placing students in industry / relevant organizations to provide exposure to
experiences and professional skills to the students in various aspects of
engineering and computer science.
ii) To produce an efficient, responsible and behave engineers.
iii) Opportunities for industrial training trainees absorbed as permanent
employees in industrial training.
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1.1.4 SCOPE OF WORKS, TASKS AND PROJECTS
Basically, the work, tasks or projects that are carried out during the
internship is closely related to downstream activity, which related with
mechanical, electric (power and electronic) course of engineering. Actually, we
experience with various of scope in works, tasks and projects. Depends on the
needed to involve with.
1.2 COMPANY BACKGROUND
ANTAWARA SDN. BHD.
ANTAWARA SDN. BHD. was corporated by 6th June 1995 by the
Department of Registrar of Company, Malaysia as a private limited company. The
company was transferred to the present Directors on 22nd November 1995.
The principle activities of the Company is electrical contracting in the field
of Power Electric (HV & LV) Transmission and Distribution System. The
company expertise are in engineering design, testing and commissioning of
electrical plant for various industries. Antawara Sdn. Bhd. have qualified and
experienced manpower and updated equipment to execute various projects in this
business area.
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The sister company, ANTATECH SDN. BHD. is registered with
Suruhanjaya Tenaga, Malaysia (previously known as JBE) as an Electrical
Servicing Contractor for electrical works on Transmission System upto 300kV.
Major business activities are:-i) Engineering Design of HV/LV Transmission and Distribution System
ii) Testing and Commissioning HV Substation upto 300kV
iii) Maintenance Calibration, Testing, and Servicing of Power Station and
Electrical Plant
iv) Supply of LV Control and Protection Relay Panels
v) Technical Consultation
1.3 COMPANY ORGANIZATION CHARTs
Figure 1.4.1. Main Organization chart of company
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Technical Services
Mohd Izhar YeopRosli Abdul Rahim
Nur Ayuzie Akmal MuhammadMohd Fadil
Mohd Helmi bin ShamsudinMohd Faiz Fazli
Finance & Administration
Choo TMWendy YC Low
SALES & PROJECT
Amirul Ariffin Low Abdullah
(Senior Engineer)
Swee Soon Tan
MANAGING DIRECTOR
Mohd Izhar Bin Yeop(Senior Engineer)
1.5 NATURE OF COMPANY
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CHAPTER II
POWER STATION SYSTEM
2.1.1 Power System – Objective
Figure 3.1.2: Power System Objective
2.1.2 Protection System – Objective
To isolate the fault in the shortest time.
Minimize damage
Continuous operation of healthy components.
Maintain overall system stability
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NORMAL OPERATION
ELECTRICAL FAULT
TRIPPINGFAULT ANALYSIS
RESTORATION
C o n tro l Sy ste m
O p ti m u m o p e ra ti o n
M in im u m lo sse s
P r o t e c ti o n S y s t e m
M a x im u m a v a i la b i l i t y
M a x im u m s a f e t y
2.1.3 Protection Principle
Operation and selectivity differ in the following categories :
UNIT PROTECTION
Based on comparing each end of the object
Differential and Phase comparison relay
NON-UNIT PROTECTION
Based on measurement at one end only
Over current and Earth fault
2.1.4 Challenges Numerical Relay
PERFORMANCE track record
Uphill against FAMILIAR product
‘Learning curve’ HURDLE
Perception is COMPLEX
No direct VISUAL impact.
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2.1.5 Multi-Function
Full protection of the generator.
Trip circuit supervision.
Fuse failure monitor.
Energy metering.
Fault recording.
2.1.6 Response on Monitoring Function
•Minor faults
• Indication (Relay failure)
• Block related protection function
• Block entire protection relay
• Restart of equipment (limited)
• Switch to monitor mode (hardware fault)
•Serious faults
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2.1.7 Self Monitoring
CONTINUOUS self-monitoring of the hardware & software
Monitoring the program flow ( Watchdog – system restart)
Checking hardware condition ( relay block )
Read/Write cycles for the memory ( system restart )
Process reference parameter of A/D converter (Error LED)
VT and/or CT monitoring ( annunciation )
2.1.8 Measures Values Supervision
Current asymmetry
Voltage asymmetry
Current sum
Voltage sum
Current phase sequence
Voltage phase sequence
Limit value monitor
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2.1.9 Relay Interface Software
User-friendly PC interface SOFTWARE
Online/offline SETTINGS.
Programmable LOGIC function.
Individual parameterization ( ease testing )
Retrieve event record and analyze captured waveform.
2.1.10 Communication
Communication via direct connection.
Communication via modem line.
System interface IEC 61850 READY.
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3.2 RETROFIT FOR GENERATOR PROTECTION SYSTEM
3.2.1 Numerical Relay (SIEMENS 7UM62)
Figure 3.2.1 (a)
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OVERALL OPERATIONThe SIPROTEC 4 7UM62 is a
numerical ,multifunctional,
protective and control device
equipped with a powerful microprocessor.
Figure 3.2.1 (b)
CHARACTERISTICS
Powerful 32-bit microprocessor system.
Continuous calculation and display of measured quantities.
Constant monitoring of the measurement quantities.
Storage of operational data, port data, and oscillographic fault records.
Tracking of operating hours.
Commissioning aids such as:
Connection check
Status information
Start of fault record
APPLICATIONS SCOPE
Two typical basic application :
Busbar connection
Figure 3.2.1 (c)
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Unit connection
Figure 3.2.1 (d)
PROTECTION SCHEME
Figure 3.2.1 (e)
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Figure 3.2.1 (f): Example IEC61850 configuration: sending device transmits a
massage to the receiving device via switches.
Figure 3.2.1 (g): Communication of Power Control
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3.2.2 Numerical Relay (SEL300G)
Overall Differential Protection
High degree of sensitivity
High-speed tripping in case of high-current faults
High degree of stability
Operate according to the principle of current comparison (Kirchhoff’s current
law).
Figure 3.2.2 (a)
Loss Of Excitation Protection
Protect synchronous generator from asynchronous operation. Ensure the
network stability not endangered.
Feature :
Detection of the excitation voltage.
Conductance measurement from positive sequence components.
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Figure 3.2.2 (b): Loss of Excitation
Reverse Power Protection
Protect a turbo-generator unit in case of failure of energy to the prime mover
and prevent damage to the steam turbine.
Calculation of power from positive sequence components.
Highly sensitive active power measurement.
Asymmetrical power system faults therefore do not cause decreasing in
measuring accuracy.
90% Stator EF Protection
Detect earth fault in the stator windings of three phase machine.
For machines in unit connection and for machines directly connected to
busbars.
The criterion for the occurrence of an earth fault is mainly the occurrence of a
neutral displacement voltage.
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Negative Phase Sequence Protection
Detects an asymmetrical load in three-phase generators.
Asymmetrical current loads in the three-phase of a generator cause a
temperature rise in the rotor because of the negative-sequence field produced.
Functions on the basis of symmetrical components and evaluate the
negative-sequence of the phase currents.
Figure 3.2.2 (c)
Example of unbalanced Load characteristic
Figure 3.2.2 (d)
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Overvoltage Protection
This protection prevents insulation faults that result when the voltage is too
high.
Optionally with phase-to-phase voltages or with phase-to-earth voltages.
Phase over voltage elements are included for creating protection control
schemes such as:
Torque control for the over-current protection
Trip/alarm or event report triggers for voltage sags and swells.
In case of a high overvoltage, the switch-off is performed with a longertime
delay. In this way, the voltage regulator can take the voltage back into the
nominal range.
VT Fuse Failure Protection
Detect failure measuring voltage due to:
Short circuit or open circuit of wiring or VT
Avoids over-function of under- voltage elements in protection function
Low Forward Power Interlock Protection
Monitors whether the active power falls below one set threshold, and whether
a separate second set threshold is exceeded.
In some application, it can be desirable to output a control signal if the active
power output rises above certain value.
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SEL300G Design Criteria
1. Replacement equipments
i. ZTO Pole-slip relay
ii. RAGEA 100% Stator EF relay
iii. KZS Backup Distance relay
2. Existing CT & VT connection
i. CT class & ratio
ii. VT class & ratio
3. Duplicate protection
4. Consistent Trip logic
5. Match protection setting; monitor on-load measurement
6. Incorporate event report and other new features
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3.2.3 COMPLETE GENERATOR FAULT PROTECTION
Limit equipment damage and speed repairs with high-speed protection for all
types of these phase and ground faults. Current and voltage elements, combined
with optional differential protection, make the SEL 300G suitable for all generator
sizes and configurations.
Current and voltage elements protect large and small machines against
damaging faults.
Optional differential protection provides sensitive and fast protection for
generators and unit transformers. Harmonic blocking provides security when
transformers are in generator differential zone.
100% stator ground fault protection uses fundamental and 3rd-harmonic
voltages signals.
Continuously measure field-to-ground resistance using the SEL-2664 Field
Ground Module. Accurately detect field ground faults whether the generator
is operating, stopped, or de-energized.
Figure 3.2.2 (e)
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3.2.4 PROTECTION SCHEME
Figure 3.2.2 (f)
Figure 3.2.2 (g): SEL300G (Generator) and SEL387A (Transformer)
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CHAPTER IV
DISCUSSION
As been briefed before, one of the basic criteria to be completed by a
Universiti Malaysia Pahang’ student is to undergo a practical training or better
known as industrial internship program for the period of three months. The main
objective of this program is to integrate theory with practical. Lack of practical
knowledge is one the deficiency that need to be overcome by a worker to-be, thus
would be said that this training is somewhat good enough for student to at least
gain an industrial experiences.
As the objective of UMP to produce an all rounded students, this
internship program serve as a platform for them to gain as much skills needed
such as communication and behavioral skills, lifetime learning capacity, posses
technical competence, practical aptitude and solution synthesis ability. Working
and studying are completely different in term of definition. But it is undeniable
that we will continue the learning process even though we are working. Either
working or studying, the person has to be determined and self-centered to success
in whatever realm they are in.
From observations and experiences gained during practical training, the author
have learnt the way every workers tackle any rising problem and how they
manage to complete the task within the time interval. As been discussed earlier, it
really helps UMP in order to fulfill its objectives towards producing the all
rounded graduates.
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CHAPTER V
SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATION
In order for the next candidates to gain better knowledge and experience of
working environment from the Industrial Internship Program, the author would
like to strongly suggest some recommendations to be reviewed by industry unit of
University Malaysia Pahang.
5.1 Appropriate Time Frame for Industrial Placement
The time given for the student to search for industrial placement is very
short. The briefing for Industrial Training should be given one semester before the
search is on. The appropriate verification letter should be given to student before
their semester break so they could search and apply for internship during their
holiday. The list of company previous student had done their internship should also
be publish to make the job of applying internship easier. Almost all University
students in Malaysia is applying to do internship in the same period of time UMP
student, so the faster they apply the better chances they get the placement.
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CHAPTER VI
CONCLUSION
Through my practical training in Antawara Sdn. Bhd. ’Alhamdulillah’ I got
a lot of experience and also knowledge in the scope of Electrical Engineering.
Although I have finish study in Degree for this course, the knowledge here is not
same as I study at University. It is because in the industry, I experience to visit the
site of the project and see the installation of wiring in real practical works.
During my industrial training, I also learn how to adapt myself in work
place with the surroundings as example with my colleagues and supervisor. They
were willing to help me if I had doubt in certain things while I was there. I got to
know in depth the scope of work of electrical department.
As a conclusion, I’m very happy because JKR accept me to training here
and I am vey appreciate the knowledge and experience I got for 3 month at JKR
Electrical Branch
Thank you.
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REFERENCES
o Slide and Document from Antawara Sdn. Bhd.
o Information from Industrial Training Supervisor
o Guide from UMP Industrial Training Supervisor
o www05.abb.com/global/scot/scot229.../voyri_refcase_757296_lrena.pdf
