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CHAPTER
NO: 1
Introduction
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
I had been undergone Institutional training aver a period of one and half month in
VEE TEE CREATION in TIRUPUR.
This project covers various departments and focuses on each and every department in
order to gain knowledge about a garment. There is also an annexure of a financial statement
of the company the organization chart, history of the company, various department of the
company. The project is in consonance with the partial fulfillment of the degree requirement.
The following are the specific objectives of Training Programme:
To study about the organization and management.
To analyze various functions performed by the various departments in the
company.
To secure practical knowledge regarding the Manufacturing, Finance,
Accounting aspects and Marketing of yarn.
To get an industrial exposure
To be aware of the happening in a particular industry
To achieve knowledge about different sectors in market for making choice as
to which go for.
To learn functioning and operations of different in an organization
To get knowledge about the working culture of the organization
To have knowledge about the huge management practices and get the practical
knowledge of what we have studied.
This will help me to know about the current scenario of the corporate sector and their
strategies which will be very useful during my future endeavors.
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CHAPTER
NO: 2
ABOUT TEXTILE
INDUSTRY
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CHAPTER 2
ABOUT TEXTILE INDUSTRY
INTRODUCTION
The Indian Textile industry occupies an important place in the economy of the
country because of its contribution to the industrial output, employment generation and
foreign exchange earnings. At present, the contribution of the textiles Industries to GDP is
about 4 percent. The textile industry provides direct employment to about more then 30
million peoples and is the second largest employment provider in India after agriculture. The
contribution of this Industry to gross export earning is about 37 percent and its ads less then
1.5 percent to the gross import bill of the country.
ORGANIZED TEXTILE INDUSTRY
The organized textile industry consists of three distinct categories viz. spinning mills,
Coarse and medium composite mills, and superfine composite mills are not able to adjust
their cost in the face of rising prices of raw materials and increase in wages. Consequently,
many of them became uneconomic units and ran into difficulties. Fine and superfine
composite mills use foreign cotton; they are not subject to stock restriction and can, therefore,
carry on stable production programmer.
PROBLEM OF COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY
In the past, cotton mill industry suffered from incompetent and selfish managing
agents and directors who were more interested in modernization. If management of textile
units had been selfish and exploitative, the role of trade unions in the industry has not beenhelpful either. In fact, the closure of many textile mills in the country was forced upon by
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short-sighted union leadership. The Bombay mill industry, for instance, was literally ruined
by one-year long strike organized by Dutta samant controlled unions. Besides these, the two
most important factors which have spelt disaster to the industry in the last three decades are
Governments textile policy and growth of the power loom sector. The result was that many
textile mills became inefficient and uneconomic-one third of the mills became sick and were
closed down. As many as 132 mills have been closed down.
GOVERNMENT CONTROL AND HEAVY EXCISE DUTIES
The cotton textile industry has suffered badly due to wrong and, often confused policy
of the Government. In the past Government had sought control of price, distribution of yarn,
pattern of production, etc. At one time, price of cloth were fixed by the Government far
below cost. Under the yarn distribution scheme of 1972, the Government made it obligatory
on all mills to supply 50 percent of the production of yarn to the decentralized sector at
reduced rates. The duty on imported cotton was quite high and it not only made import of
cotton. The excise duties on different varieties of cotton cloth were quite heavy and besides,
they were discriminatory.
A serious problem of the mill sector at one time related to production of controlled
cloth. To ensure availability of coarse and medium varieties of cotton cloth to be produced by
mills from 400 million meters to 800 million meters. The industry vainly protested of
controlled cloth. The planning commission openly admitted that the controlled cloth scheme
under which the price of cotton alone was higher then controlled cloth. It was only in October
1978 that the Government exempted the mills from the obligation to produce controlled cloth.
But by that time, cotton mill industry had suffered very badly and many mills forced to shut
shown.
PROBLEM OF RAW MATERIALS
The industry faces the problem of building up a regular supply of its material cotton
in adequate quantities. The latter constitutes the largest single element in the cost of yarn
and cloth production. Despite the importance of the industry and the long period of its
growth, the position of raw material has remained unstable. The most disappointing feature of
cotton cultivation is that country accounts for only 10 percent of the particular, fluctuations in
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the prices of raw cotton are two major causes of sickness and consequently closure in the
textile industry. Problem of power. The textile industry in our country had suffered badly for
want of adequate the industry badly. The inadequacy of coal supplies had also southern India.
Load shedding had been one of the serious problems of the industry.
OBSOLETE MACHINERY AND NEED FOR MODERNIZATION
The mill sector has been working with obsolete machinery. According one estimate,
over 80 percent of the machinery in the cotton textile mill industry has to compete with
countries like Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, etc., all of which are using the latest
sophisticated machinery.
The industry, however, has no resources for the huge task of replacement and
modernization. The Government and the public sector financial institutions will have to
provide the necessary funds for this purpose. The Government set up in 1986 the Textile
Modernization Fund pof rs.750 corers and asked the IDBI to operate it.
HIGH COST AND COMPETITION IN FOREIGN MARKETS
The Indian cotton textile industry has been facing increasing competition in world
markets. This is largest due to low production and high cost and consequently high price of
Indian cotton textiles. It is paradoxical that in a country where wages are low and cotton is
internally available, production cost should be high. But the advantage of lower wage is
offset by higher cost of raw materials and inefficiency in production caused by the use of
outmoded machinery. In this context it may be noted that where as wages and salaries
account for only 16 percent and process materials 20 percent of production costs. The
industry badly needs replacement and modernization. While Indias major Indian textile
industry is saddled with obsolete machinery. Modernization and rationalization the industry
cannot improve the quality of its products and also offer them at competitive rates.
It is, however, important to emphasize the new challenges the textile industry has to
face in the sphere of exports. With increasing of textile and cloth industry into the world trade
regime, Indian textile exports will have to cope with the problem rationalizations of trade
between blocks of regions, child labors, and dumping levies, etc.
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COMPETITION FROM THE DECENTRALIZED SECTOR
An important factor for the growing sickness of the mill sector is the growth of the
decentralized sector. Being a small-scale sector, the Government allowed excise concisions
and other privileges, such as exemption from the production of controlled cloth. The worker
in the power loom sector were either not organized or organized loosely, so that the level of
wages in this sector was must lower then that in the mill sector. Often, the decentralized
sector made use of the names of the well-known mills and outsold the latter.
The textile industry exhibits peculiar characteristics some units like Reliance
Textile, Mafatlals are doing extremely well, while many other faring miserably. The industry
is facing both short-term problems of the industry are high prices and shortage of raw
materials, liquidity problems due to poor sales and large accumulation of stocks as a result of
poor demand. The long-term problems of the industry are the slow pace of modernizations of
age old plant and machinery, outdated technology resulting in low production, high cost of
production, low profitability and increasing sickness.
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CHAPTER
NO: 3
COMPANY PROFILE
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CHAPTER 3
COMPANY PROFILE
3.1 INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE COMPANY
Our experience of 8 years, we have gained wide appreciation in the highly
competitive garment industry with our exclusive collection of fashion knitted wear for
infants, kids, men and women. With our all encompassing range of garments which include
mens t-shirt, mens pajamas, men's pullovers, woven shirt, ladies polo, women tops, ladies
pajamas, girls skirt, kids t-shirts and kids printed t-shirts. We have carved a niche for
ourselves in the domestic as well as the international arena. In order to produce novel
designs, we have deployed latest techniques and skilled manpower, ensuring our clients get
value for their money. Eye catching designs and high on comfort, our gamut has been widely
appreciated by clients across the globe.
Being a quality driven organization, we ensure that the knitted and woven wear offered by us
comply with international standards and to fulfill our client requirements. We are also well
equipped with latest machinery for stitching, knitting, designing and finishing that enables us
to deliver unmatched collection of knitted fashion garments, woven garments and organic
wear.
For the benefit of our clients, we also offer complimentary hemming at no additional cost,
embroidery at competitive prices and custom designing. Our success in the industry leverages
on our capacity of providing customized solutions, timely delivery schedules and ability to
handle minimum and bulk consignments which has further led us to earn repeated business
orders from our high end clients.
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3.1.2 GOALS OF THE COMPANY
Striving for excellence in every sphere of companys activities.
3.1.3 QUALITY POLICIES
1. Good Quality
Best, which saves the cost the time for the customers
2. Best service
Customer friendly in fulfilling their requirements.
3. Steady Development
Up-gradation in technology and diversification for value addition.
3.2PROFILE OF THE COMPANY
Name of the Company : VEE TEE CREATIONS
Place : 10/38, Kamaraj Nagar,
3rd street,
Tirupur - 641602.
Managing Partners : Mr. K.Ganesh
:Mr.M.Pugalenthi
Year of Establishment : 2002
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Product Line : Garments
Bankers : State Bank of India, Tirpur
: Indian Overseas Bank, Tirupur.
Types of Organization : Partnership Firm
3.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY
Profit maximization is the main aim of the organization.
Consumer satisfaction is also the main aim of the organization.
Earnings goodwill and enhancing public image.
Providing scope for business expansion.
Securing maximum satisfaction for both employer & employees.
Utilizing modern equipment and techniques properly.
Attaining the prime position in the garment industry.
Developing efficiency and productivity among workers.
Progressively building up and attaining capacity to meet the growing demands for various
garment products.
Promoting ancillary industries by extending assistance in terms of technical
Know how.
Acting as advisor and consultancy on all matters relating to management, finance, secretarial,
marketing and computer services.
To diversity into allied new products.
Creating a good image among the customers, employees and other in the business and social
community.
HISTORY OF THE COMPANY
VEE TEE CREATIONS is a company registered under Companys Act
1956,Established in the year 2002.
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The garment processing staff and workers gave me such guidance to it art my
industrial training in this concern.
Today the company established itself as a leading manufacturer of garments Goods.
The customers due to quality place orders regularly prompt after sales services and trouble
free functioning.
LOCATION
The company is located at no: 10/38,
Kamaraj Nagar,
3rd street,
Tirupur - 641602.
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CHAPTERNO: 4
ORGANISATION
CHART
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CHAPTER 4
ORGANISATION CHART
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Managing Partners
Merchandisers General Manager
Department Managers
Staff Senior Junior
Factory Managers
Production Managers
Workers
Purchase
Officers
Store
Officers
Sales
Officers
A/cs
officers
HRD
Officers
Staff Staff Staff Staff Staff
StoreKeeper
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CHAPTERNO: 5
DEPARTMENTS
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PURCHASE
DEPARTMENT
CHAPTER - 5
DEPARTMENTS
5.1. PURCHASE DEPARTMENT
Purchasing refers to a business or organization attempting to acquire goods or services
to accomplish the goals of the enterprise. Purchase department takes care of purchase of raw
materials needed for the production. Purchasing managers and procurement managers guide
the organizations acquisition procedures and standards.
The purchasing department normally issue Purchase Orders for supplies, services,
equipment, and raw materials. In the recent past the trend away from the daily procurement
function (tactical purchasing) resulted in several changes in the unit. The first was the
reduction of personnel. Purchasing department is now smaller. These professionals are now
not only focusing on the bidding process and negotiating with suppliers, but the entire supply
function. In these roles they were able to add value and maximize savings for organization.
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This value manifest in lower inventories, less personnel, and getting the end product to the
organizations consumer quicker.
Purchasing managers success in these roles resulted in new assignments outside to
the traditional purchasing function logistics, materials management, distribution, and
warehousing in the stores. Further the Stores department ensures that the materials are rightly
sent when needed.
The raw material is purchased and stocked by this department. The purchase
department is otherwise called as raw material department.
The purchase department is the department, which buys raw materials for production.
It is this department, which keeps always raw material in stock. It should always see that
there is no over stockage or deficit in stockage of raw materials.
Purchase
The purchase departments do the following functions. If the company
want to purchase a required quantity, an enquiry is made to the seller about the Price and quality of
the materials.
After the enquiry if the purchase officer is satisfied he asks for samples.
These samples are received and duty checked by the quality department.
The reports of the samples are recorded.
Proper analysis of report is done.
If the purpose officer is satisfied will the order.
Then the fix the terms and conditions with the seller the row materials.
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PURCHASE PROCEDURES
PURCHASE REQUISTION
The factory manager is in-charge and store-keeper place orders of the
purchase as per the stock of materials and as per the requirement of the production
department.
MEANS OF PURCHASE
The in-charge will contract the brokers and enquire about the quality,
standard, rate, cost etc These brokers perform his task and submit the required through the
parties concerned.
TESTING
The raw materials are tested against required standard and are accepted with
regards to quality cost and other details are given essential due case to.
PURCHASE ORDERS
The samples which are in the best quality and are economic for the production
of machine is selected and order is placed in loads to the concerned party through the brokers.
THE PURCHASE ORDER CONTAINS
Description of goods
Quality
Price
Excise duty
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Delivery date
Mode of payment
Terms of payment
These are the factors which are contains in an goods purchase order.
INSPECTION
The manager concerned inspects the materials so received by keeping a check
on quality, cost and other related details and notifies income of any defects there in.
PURCHASE CONCERN
The cotton and yarn is the basic raw materials of Garment Company, the
company markets its purchase all over tamilnadu as well as from outside the company
purchase the cotton through brokers and direct from mills. It has separate godowns to store
the raw materials.
MODE OF PAYMENT
The company makes its payment both on cash and on credit basis. The company has
been regular in its payments as per the contracts and agreement.
STORE DEPARTMENT
Introduction
The company has a separate store department headed by the store keeper. The
raw materials are stored in the store room. In this company the store keeper is in-charge of
the store department with regard to store issue and balance. The stores are maintained
manually.
ORDINARY PURCHASE
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In ordinary purchase the store keeper knows about the scarcity of materials in
the store and he places the orders for those materials purchase clerk makes purchase.
EMERGENCY PURCHASE
Materials like wheels etc become important and they have to be purchased
immediately. No materials is in warded and taken out without the consent of the store keeper
maintains a material in ward note. The store department prepares weekly report and sends it
to the head office.
FUNCTIONS OF STORES DEPARTMENT
1. Providing materials necessary for production.
2. Maintaining stock.
3. Maintaining stock during emergency period.
4. Initiating purchase department at suitable time about the stock of material, quantity
and other particulars.
Store department is closely connected with all other department. Its important
function is to supply the required materials to the concerned department. The store
department deals with machine, spare parts, oil, electrical items, etc.
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FUNCTIONAL CHART OF STORES DEPARTMENT
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BILL OF
MATERIALS
STOCK
VERIFICATIONCOLLECTION
OF SAMPLE
LEDGERCOST
CONSUMPTION
PURCHASE BOOK PRICE
NEGOTIATION
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INTERNAL
RECORDS
QUALITY
VERIFICATION
RECEIPT OF
MATERIALS
PLANING
ORDER
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PRODUCTION
DEPARTMENT
5.2. PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
Production department ensures that the effective and efficient pumps are
manufactured according to the specifications. This department is responsible for the entire
manufacturing process, turning raw materials into finished goods. Under the leadership of a
Production Manager it has to:
1. Identify the engineering or technical aspects of the production process
2. Assess how long it will take to plan production Time reference
3. Monitor progress, carrying out work studiesand quality inspection
Production Engineering ensures and
1. Determines how product will be made
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2. Assesses what technical equipment is needed
3. Checks on standard of raw material
Production Planning focuses and
1. Identifies when production will take place
2. Estimates length of production
3. Ensures raw materials are delivered on time
Controlling oversees and
1. Ensures production plan is being followed
2. Maintains quality standards
3. Monitors timescale
Production planning and Control guidelines of Sharp industries
1. If planning is not carefully co-ordinated production could slow down or even stop. The
company will lose money if workers and equipment are left idle due to raw materials not
arriving on time.
2. Physical resources and labour are the largest costs a manufacturing firm has. If they are
not used efficiently, the firm can lose money.
3. Companies carry out work studies to assess working practices. Wastage can be avoided if
the production process is monitored carefully.
Production is organized activity of transformation raw materials into finished goods
or products. It is a sequence of technical process.
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Production department is controlled by factory manger under the authority of
supervisor, shifts in charge and quality control inspectors are under the control of head of the
department.
PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
The production planning consists mainly of the evaluation and determination of
production means such as labour, machinery and equipments materials and utilize to achieve
the desired goods over a given period of time.
Production and planning control is the co-ordination of services of functions like
together according to the plan so that the movement of goods from the stage of procurement
of materials of finished stock may be resulted. It includes planning, ranking, scheduling,
dispatching and following of progressing functions.
PRODUCTION PROCESS
Production is a very important and highly technical area in an organization
which can be divided into several units and sub-units thus for the purpose of efficient
production, co-ordination is needed in the organization. Production today has become more
complex and evaluation and mass production. The process from yarn procurement to
manufacturing garments is lengthily and complicated process. This process can be divided
into follows:
1. KNITTING
The knitting is done as per buyers order. In this a single yarn is taken and
loops are more so that the resulted fabric stretches, but in the later two sets of yarn are taken
and woven. One yarn is set horizontally and the other vertically. Cotton is the raw materials
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used for making fabric in India. Cotton is treated through carding and spun to get yarn, then it
is knitted with fabric and when woven we get woven fabric.
It is a known fact that the main material for fabric construction is yarn.
Knitting is the second most frequently used method, after weaving, that turnsyarns orthreads
into fabrics. It is a versatile technique that can make fabrics having various properties such as
wrinkle-resistance, stretch ability, better fit, particularly demanded due to the rising
popularity ofsportswearand casual wears.
As of present day, knitted fabrics are used widely for making hosiery,
underwear, sweaters, slacks, suitsandcoatsapart fromrugsand otherhome furnishings.
Basic Principle of Knitting
A knitted fabric may be made with a single yarn which is formed into interlocking
loops with the help of hooked needles. According to the purpose of the fabric, the loops may
be loosely or closely constructed. Crocheted fabric is the simplest example of knitting where
a chain of loops is constructed from a single thread with the help of a hook. As the loops are
interlocked in a knitted fabric, it can stretch in any direction even when a low-grade yarn
having little elasticity is used.
Basic Construction Process of Knitted Fabric
The construction of knittedfabric is assessed by the number of stitches or loops per
square inch. When the interlocking loops run lengthwise, each row is called a wale that
corresponds to the direction of warp in woven fabrics. When the loops run across the fabric,
each row is called a course that corresponds to the filling or weft in woven fabrics. A knitted
fabric having 50 loops or stitches in one inch of width and 60 loops in one inch of length will
be said to have 50 Wales and 60 courses.
Importance of Needles in Knitting Process
The needle qualities also affect the knitted fabric's quality. If the thickness of the hook
differs from one needle to another then the stitches will also vary in width. Same is the case
with loops which will vary in length with the needle lengths. Various types of needles are
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used for making different knitted fabrics including latch needle, spring-beard needle, and
compound needle. Latch needle has a latch or swinging finger that closes onto the hook of the
needle as it pulls the yarn through a loop in order to form a new loop. It is used forjersey and
rib knitting. A spring-beard needle has a fine, springy hook looking like a beard. This hook
has to be used with a sinker to hold the fabric down and a presser to close the hook as it
forms the loop. It is used for making more fine fabrics with smaller loops. A compound
needle made up of a hook and a sliding closing element is used for faster knitting with lesser
fabric distortion.
Types of knitted Fabrics
There are various types of knitted fabrics and each type has different appearance and
characteristics. The construction of a knitted fabric depends upon the type being constructed.
A knitted fabric that has more Wales will be rigid and stable in width while a fabric that has
more courses will be rigid and stable in length. A fabric having many Wales and courses per
square inch will have better recovery from stretching than a fabric having lesser Wales and
courses. Such fabric that will have fewer Wales and courses will be less rigid, stretch more
easily, fit to body shape in a better way but will have poorer recovery ability. All the knitted
fabrics are classified into two general categories:
Weft knit fabric, where one continuous yarn forms courses across the fabric.
2. DYEING
Dyeing is the process of coloring a piece of cloth. While bleaching of withering the
cloth. In a dyeing unit a huge winch continuously runs, various chemicals are used to get the
process in which where water is supplied. The roll of cloth is allowed to get wet. For light
color bleaching is done, but it is not required when the fabric goes through compacting
machines.
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Dyeing Process
Dyeing is the process of imparting colors to atextile material through a dye (colour).
Dyes are obtained from flowers, nuts, berries and other forms ofvegetables
and plants as well as from animal and mineral sources. These are known as natural dyes. The
other class of dyes is known as synthetic dyes. These are based on a particular type of
chemical composition. Some of these dyes are- Acid ( Anionic) dyes, Basic ( Cationic) dyes,
Neutral- Premetalized dyes, sulfur dyes, vat dyes, reactive dyes, pigment dyes etc.
Dyeing Methods
Colour is applied to fabric by different methods of dyeing for different types of fiber
and at different stages of the textile production process. These methods include Direct
dyeing; Stock dyeing; Top dyeing; Yarn dyeing; Piece dyeing; Solution pigmenting or dope
dyeing; Garment dyeing etc. Of these Direct dyeing and Yarn Dyeing method
are the most popular ones.
Direct Dyeing
When a dye is applied directly to the fabric without the aid of an affixing agent, it is
called direct dyeing. In this method the dyestuff is either fermented (for natural dye) or
chemically reduced (for synthetic vat and sulfur dyes) before being applied.
The direct dyes, which are largely used for dyeing cotton, are water soluble and can
be applied directly to the fiber from an aqueous solution. Most other classes of synthetic dye,
other than vat and sulfur dyes, are also applied in this way.
Yarn Dyeing
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When dyeing is done after the fiber has been spun into yarn, it is called Yarn dyeing.
There are many forms of yarn dyeing- Skein (Hank) Dyeing, Package Dyeing, Warp-beam
Dyeing, and Space Dyeing.
3. CURING
Curing machines are required for the removal of the smell from the fabric, which is
usually unpleasant, when put in one end. We get a smell free fabric in other end.
4. PRINTING
Printing is the technical area. Usually tables are used for printing instead of machines,
because they are cheapest means and more over its a simple process in printing white
colored fabric is treated differently from that of a dark color fabric. Printing is done after or
before stitching. Screen printing, Rotarty printing is methods of printing.
Printing Process
Applying coloured patterns and designs to decorate a finished fabric is called
'Printing'. In a proper printed fabric, the colour is affixed to the fiber, so that it may not be
affected by washing and friction. Whether a fabric is dyed or printed can be known by
examining the outline of the design. On a printed fabric, the outline of a design is sharply
defined on the outer side. The design generally do not penetrate to the back of the cloth.
However, the design may show up on the reverse side of transparently thin fabrics. These
fabrics may be confused with the woven designs where yarn dyed warp and filling are used.
If the design is printed on such a fabric, the yarns will show some areas on which colour is
not equally distributed.
The Dyes used for printing mostly include vat, reactive, naphthol and disperse colours
which have good fastness properties. The pigments, which are not truly dyes, are also used
extensively for printing. These colours are fixed to the fiber through resins that are very
resistant to laundering or dry-cleaning. Pigments are among the fastest known colours and are
effective for light to medium shades. If used for applying dark colours, they may crock or rub
off. Improved resins, better pigments or more effective anticrock agents must be used to solve
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this problem. Cheap prints are made from basic colours mixed with tartar emetic and tannic
acid but they are not acceptable in todays market.
For cotton printing vat and reactive dyes are generally used. Silk is usually printed
with acid colours. Wool is printed with acid or chrome dyes but before printing it is treated
with chlorine to make it more receptive to colours.
Methods of Printing
Three different approaches or techniques are prevalent for printing colour on a fabric:
Direct, Discharge and Resist
Direct Printing
It is the most common approach to apply a colour pattern on fabric. It can be done on
white or a coloured fabric. If done on coloured fabric, it is known as overprinting. The
desired pattern is produced by imprinting dye on the fabric in a paste form. To prepare the
print paste, a thickening agent is added to a limited amount of water and dye is dissolved in it.
Earlier corn starch was preferred as a thickening agent for cotton printing. Nowadays gums or
alginates derived from seaweed are preferred because they are easier to wash out, do not
themselves absorb any colour and allow better penetration of colour. Most pigment printing is
done without thickeners as the mixing up of resins, solvents and water itself produces
thickening.
Roller Printing
In this machine counterpart of block printing, engraved copper cylinders or rollers are
used in place of hand carved blocks. With each revolution of the roller, a repeat of the design
is printed. The printed cloth is passed into a drying and then a steam chamber where the
moisture and heat sets the dye.
Screen Printing
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It is done either with flat or cylindrical screens made of silk threads, nylon, polyester,
vinyon or metal. The printing paste or dye is poured on the screen and forced through its
unblocked areas onto the fabric. Based on the type of the screen used, it is known as 'Flat
Screen Printing' or 'Rotary Screen Printing'.
Airbrush (Spray) Painting
Designs may be hand painted on fabric or the dye may be applied with a mechanized
airbrush which blows or sprays colour on the fabric.
Photo Printing
The fabric is coated with a chemical that is sensitive to light and then any photograph
may be printed on it.
Differential Printing
It is a technique of printing tufted material made of yarns having different dyeing
properties such as carpets. Up to a ten colour effect is possible by careful selection of yarns,
dyestuffs and pattern.
Warp Printing
It is roller printing applied to warp yarns before they are woven into fabric.
Jet Spray Printing
Designs are imparted to fabrics by spraying colours in a controlled manner through
nozzles.
Digital Printing
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In this form of printing micro-sized droplets of dye are placed onto the fabric through
an inkjet printhead. The print system software interprets the data supplied by a
cademic_Textiledigital image file. The digital image file has the data to control the droplet
output so that the image quality and color control may be achieved. This is the latest
development in textile printing and is expanding very fast. DigitalTextile Printing
5.CUTTING
Cutting too is highly technical area. It can either be done by machines or manually to
say briefly we can say that cutting is nothing but cutting the roll of fabric according to the
pattern.
The pattern is designed and cut by the pattern master of the sampling unit. It is the
base of the whole production. The cut piece from the fabric should contain particular
specified grams as started or asked GSM as explained earlier.
The cutting supervisor maintains a monthly register. The management gives him a
program schedule to be used for the purpose of cutting. They use different patterns for
different orders.
Cutting machines are of two types: In the first type, the machines can be moved,
while in the second type the machine is not moved the fabric be moved.
6. POWER TABLE
Power table is the where the stitching process goes on machines which are capable of
fancy stitches on fabric or knit stretches. The ordinary stitches are made use of and the so
called flat lock and over lock stitches are used. New and highly advanced machines have
come up which have a very high degree of efficiency. They are usually employed by large
scale or mega industries. Only trained and experienced tailors are used for stitching.
Labels with the required informed are also stitched:
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Pegasus M600 series
Pegasus 1*300 sizes
Brother electronics lock stitch button sewer [1k3_ b43 we]
Button hole machine
Singles machines
7. CHECKING
This is a very important work of supervisor. He checks whether the stitching are
perfect or any defect in it may result in the cancellation. It can be done by means of samples
and inch tapes seam allowances should be accurate.
The stitching is checked by using pick glass, while checks the number of stitches in an
inch of sloth.
8. IRONING
Ironing is done so that the finished garment looks neat and attractive. Ironing the pressure method is used by the local companies. These are different types of ironing
machines. Some are conventional type advancement type while the others are of technical
advancement that are taking place around the whole textile industry in the latest machine, the
whole stitched on hot air passes through in a perfectly wrinkled free cloth.
9. PACKING
Packing adds to the attractiveness and safety of the garment. The garments are put
into polybag (polythene) with care.
IPC in a polybag
PCS solid color
STAFFS
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Fabric In-charge Dying follow up
Knitting follow-up
Production In-charge Junior production controller
Quality checkers
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
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KnittingKnitting
DyeingDyeing
CuringCuring
PrintingPrinting
CuttingCutting
Power tablePower table
CheckingChecking
IroningIroning
PackingPacking
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QUALITY CONTROLDEPARTMENT
5.3. QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT
INTRODUCTION
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In this the quality controller is the assistant master and is in charge of quality control
operator. Quality products are the main aim of, quality control department.
In each department the various steps are taken to improve quality
Quality control tests are as follows:
Color fastness by using color chart
Thread strength by using twister
Fabric thickness
Information on label and tag
Number of pieces per bundle or package
Information about the address and code number as the package
Other specification as given or specified by the buyers
INSPECTION
Inspection is done by the representatives of the buyer called quality controller. He
does a preliminary checking (that is after some pieces have been manufactured). It is
followed by middle and final checking by the quality controller. He used an internationalquality chart as AQL (Assurance Quality Level) for the purpose of checking and inspecting
the goods.
Quality Assurance
Quality is an integral part of our organization that has enabled us to set a strong
foothold in the garment industry. Our quality control unit, well equipped with latest quality
testing tools, helps us to conduct quality checks on the finished garments, to ensure the
garment delivered to our client is free from any defects.
STAFFS
Junior quality controller, Quality checkers.
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Quality control department guarantees that the raw materials thus acquired are of the
required quality and standardized by relevant testing so that finished goods are of intended
quality. The quality control department carries out inspections where random samples are
tested to ensure standards are met.
Sharp focuses on Total Quality Control which is the most important inspection
control of all in cases where, despite statistical quality control techniques or quality
improvements implemented, sales decrease. If the original specification does not reflect the
correct quality requirements, quality cannot be inspected or manufactured into the product.
Under traditional quality control, inspection of products and services (checking to make sure
that what's being produced is meeting the required standard) takes place during and at the end
of the operations process.
There are three main points during the production process when inspection is
performed:
1. When raw materials are received prior to entering production
2. Whilst pumps are going through the production process
3. When pumps are finished - inspection or testing takes place before products are
dispatched to customers
QUALTY CONTROL
Quality control is the watchword in a modern industry as if affects the user need as
well as portability especially in the competitive industry like textiles. To help efficient
functioning of quality control the methodology and procedure that need to be adopted have
been well formulized and systematized.
Quality holds a key to the marketing success of a mill in the competitive economy
that is fast emerging in our country. It is determined by the cost of raw cotton, and the
amount of yarn relished per kilogram of cotton consumed. By minimizing the cost of cotton
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and maximizing the yarn realization it is necessary to ensure that the yarn spun is of desired
quality.
Quality refers to conformance to the agreed upon requirements. The company using
following quality control.
Grains Balance
Used to find out the weight of the carding sliver, drawing sliver, simplex sliver
and yarn.
Grams Balance
Used to find out the sliver weight in terms of gram.
Leo Strength Tester
Used to find out the strength of the yarn.
Yarn Wrapper
Used to find the strength per Leo.
Yarn Twist Tester
Used to find the twist per inch.
Yarn Bound Testing
Used to find the imposes in yarn.
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Sliver Roller
Used to find out length of the sliver in terms of yarn.
MAINTENANCE
Prevention is better than cure, so the company following preventive
maintenance. System for which they are spending 6 to 8 hours per week for maintenance
purpose. Factory maintenance is under the control of a Factory Manager and Assistant
Factory Manager.
FUNCTIONS DONE BY QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT
1. Preparing daily, monthly, fortnightly reports.
2. Testing and maintaining sample yarn details.
3. Entering the sample details every day.
4. Maintaining up to date yarn results.
5. Comparing the yarn results.
6. Giving details about mixing particulars.
7. Checking the count, hank for yarn.
8. Checking quality standards.
STANDARD QUALITY NORMS
Lap CV - 1%
Card Sliver CV - 3%
Drawing Sliver CV - 1%
Bobbin CV - 1%
Spinning
Count CV - 3%
Strength CV - 7%
Cone weight - 1.5 kg
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INTERACTION WITH VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS
The quality control acts as the center for all the department. It gives quality assurance
reports and suggestion to various departments. Based on the report given by the quality
assurance the production department will act according to it.
Four types of reports are maintained by the Quality Control Department such as
monthly, fortnightly, daily and weekly reports.
Working process statement about the production stages are given as the monthly
report.
The daily cost, preparatory efficiency report is given to manager.
Yarn list result are given to general manager and general letters are given as daily
reports.
Cotton list result (average parameters for every mixing), cotton remaining stock
balance report, utilization report for HR Department are given as weekly reports.
INTERACTION OF QCD WITH VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS
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FUNCTIONAL CHART OF QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT
42
HEAD OFFICE
GM
HR
DEPARTMENT
PRODUCTION
DEPARTMENT
STORES
DEPARTMENT
SALES
DEPARTMENT
QCD
QUALITY
CONTROL CHIEF
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QUALITY CONTROL
MANAGER
ASSISTANT
MANAGER
SUPERVISOR
WORKERS
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FINANCE
DEPARTMENT
5.4. FINANCE DEPARTMENT
Finance department takes care of all the monitory transfers of the firm. The three core
functions of the Finance Department are to:
1. Provide strategic financial support for business and operational planning.
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2. Provide day-to-day financial services to the University, its departments, students and
staff.
3. Meet external and internal financial reporting requirements.
Further the Finance department plays various roles in the domains of Finance,
accountancy and Economical business transactions. The supplementary functionaries include-
1. Preparation of budget, appropriation of accounts, re-appropriations, surrender and
savings.
2. Control of expenditure and ways & means position.
3. Audit and Treasury administration
4. Administration of Taxes i.e. Sales Tax, Entertainment Tax, Luxury Tax and Entry Tax
etc
5. Service Conditions including Freedom Fighters Pensions.
6. Resource mobilization through loans, Institutional Finance, Small Savings, Credit and
Investment and public debt.
7. Safety and investment of funds from consolidated funds, contingency fund and public
account.
8. Contract, recovery and refund of revenue, financial concurrence and advice.
9. Compilation of Codes, Rules and procedures concerning financial transactions and
having bearing on State finance and their implementation.
VARIOUS SECTIONS OF ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT
1. Cost and Budget.
2. Export Section.
3. Bill section.
4. Pay section.
5. Tax section.
6. Audit section.
COST AND BUDGET
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The Main function of this section to ascertain production cost. Every department has
to prepare its own cost and budget according to their requirement.
EXPORT SECTION
While export the plant maintains three main documents they are bill of loading,
invoice, packing list for getting money from the bank. The exporting product will be
insurance.
EXPORT INCENTIVE GIVEN BY GOVERNMENT
1. Advance license Scheme
The government allows company to import materials without custom duty for same
export of the product. After getting this scheme within 18 months we have to import and 24
months we have to export after getting the license.
2. Duty Drawback
Duties have been paid while import and showing the proof of paid and getting back
the money.
There are Categories
One physical export, second one is deemed for both categories no custom duty is paid.
Encourage given by government
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1. Loan given by government in foreign currency.
2. Pre-shipment credit will be given in foreign currency through bank.
3. Repay of loan through export bill within 8 months. If not penalty of 2-10.5 within a
year, it will be change the date of loan.
4. Directional general of audit will look after this section scheme.
BILL SECTION
Every bill is paid through State bank of India. Each and every expenditure will settled
by this section. Any miscellaneous settlement will also be settled by this section.
This section will make payment of salary and wages to employee. Every month 7th the
pay will be credited in employee account. If any delay it has to responsible. After one year of
service employee is eligible for pf. Here 24% is PF and contributed by employee or
employer.
TAX SECTION
Tax section will take care of tax involved in the plant. In employee tax deducted
source will be credited.
AUDIT
1. Statutory audit
Yearly twice.
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Outside auditors will audit.
2. Internal audit
Separate audit department inside the plant.
This for entire plant.
3. Government auditors will audit separately.
DUTIES OF ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT
The Accounts Department looks after the customers due date and informs it to the
management.
The invoice sent by the Sale Department is being received and it is being entered in
the day book.
It preserves the day book and entered all the transactions that have occurred on the
particular book.
The trial balance is being prepared to check the accuracy of the concern.
It checks the cheque for the bills of exchange. All the payments are made on the basis
of cheque.
They have to maintain cashbook, bank book, purchase book, sales book and store
purchase book.
Accounts
Account manager is in-charge of the department. In this they make a wide use of
computer & accounts are maintained by computer system. Finance is very important for any
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business enterprise can be started and run smoothly without finance. The accounts
department comprises of the function like cash & bank transactions.
The day-to-day transactions are exempted in various subsidiary books & the cash
received or paid in journalized and posted to the ledger respective account. At the end of the
financial year the trial balance drawn & trading, profit &loss a/c & balance sheet is prepared.
Following books are maintained by accounts department:
Purchase Book
In this book the voucher pertaining to the purchase are recorded and documents form
this transactions are also recorded and documents from this transactions are also recorded &
stored.
Cash Book
Cash book are recorded of all the receipt and payments of cash. The objects of the
transaction relating receipts & payments of cash. The numbers of transaction relating to cash
are usually large because most of the business dealing reserves them into cash transaction so
it is necessary to keep a separate book from cash transaction.
Journal Register
A journal register mostly contain the journal are also entered in journal register.
Trial Balance
The preparation of this account is possible only after the preparation of the trial
balance is making profit or loss account and auditors audit them. Auditing is done every year.
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Wages and Salary
All operatives workers except casuals are paid monthly wages. The employees get
two types of leave. One leave is earned leave and another leave is cash leave etc.
STAFFS
Auditor senior a/c officer- junior (Bill entry)-(Bill checker)
VEE TEE CREATIONS
10/38, Kamaraj Nagar, 3rd street,
Tirupur - 641602.
Trading, profit & loss account for the year ended 31-03 2009.
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Particulars Amount Particulars Amount
To opening stack
To purchase
To store consumed
To knitting charger
To dyeing charges
To printing charges
To wages paid
To power & fuel
To gross profit[c/d]
To bank charges &
interest
To accounting charge
To audit fees
To license & Taxes
To printing &
stationary
To salary
To telephone
To Repairs &
maintainceTo Traveling exp
To General exp
To Labour welfare
exp
To Deprecations
To Net profit
19,08,712.00
1,36,48,700.00
1,48,430.00
6,65,040.00
16,33,950.00
5,50,910.00
8,51,700.00
3,31,570.00
23,82,178.00
2,21,27,190.00
1,70,870.00
13,000.00
14,000.00
3,000.00
10,940.00
1,71,700.00
41,290.00
31,580.00
29,200.00
18,960.00
42,500.00
1,01,920.00
17,33,218.00
23,82,178.00
By sales
By closing stock
By Gross
profit[b/d]
1,97,76,540.00
23,50,650.00
2,21,27,190.00
23,82,178.00
23,82,178.00
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________________ ________________
VEE TEE CREATIONS
10/38, Kamaraj Nagar, 3rd street,
Tirupur - 641602.
Balance sheet as on 31- 03- 2009.
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Liabilities Amount Assets Amount Amount
Proprietors capital A/C
Proprietors current A/C
Secured Loans:
The Federal Bank of India
The Union Bank of India
Unsecured Loans:
From friends & relatives
Current Liabilities :
Sundry Creditors-Trade
Creditors-expenses
16,90,400.0
0
22,65,160.0
0
2,70,000.0
0
3,01,420.00
2,91,780.0
0
10,99,360.0
0
69,310.0
0
60,07,230.0
0
Fixed Assets :
Factory Building
Less: Depreciation
Machinery
Less: Depreciation
Vehicles
Less: Depreciation
Generator
Less: Depreciation
Land
Current Assets:
Deposits
Sundry debtors
Cash in hand
Cash at bank
Closing stock
7,04,800. 00
15, 240.00
__________
11,52,800.0
0
57,650.0
0
3,04,000.00
15,200.00
_________
2,76,600.00
13,830.00
6,89,560.00
10,95,150.00
2,88,770.00
2,62,770.00
4,50,000.00
91,700.00
4,90,000.00
30,900.00
2,57,700.00
23,50,650.00
60,07,230.00
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RATIO ANALYSIS
A ratio arithmetic expression of the relation of one number to another. It may be
defined as the indicated quotient of two mathematical expressions. WIXON defines ratio as,
An expression of quantitative relationship between two numbers.
Ratio analysis is a technique of analysis and interpretation of financial statement. It is
the process of establishing and interpreting various ratios for helping in making certain
decisions.
By mean of ratio analysis, we can take decisions currently at the correct place
wherever it is necessary and it also helps financial forecasting and planning. Ratio analysis is
used for taxable purposes.
CURRENT RATIO
Current ratio may be defined as the relationship between current asset and current
liability. This is the most widely used ratio. This ratio is also known as working capital ratio.
It is useful for measuring the liquidity of the firm.
Current Assets
Current Ratio = ----------------------
Current Liabilities
Here,
Current assets are,
Sundry debtors = 4, 90,000
Deposits = 91,700
Cash in hand = 30,900
Cash at bank = 2, 57,700
Closing stock = 23, 50,650
___________
Total = 32, 20, 950
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___________
Current liabilities are,
Sundry creditors = 10, 99,360
Creditors = 69,310
____________
Total = 11, 68,670
_____________
32, 20,950
Current Ratio = --------------- = 2.756 times.
11, 68,670
LIQUID RATIO
In the case of liquid ratio we are eliminating certain assets which cannot easily
converted into cash. For eg: stock is not treated as liquid as it needs long time to be convert
into cash.
Liquid Assets
Liquid Ratio = --------------------
Liquid liability
Liquid assets = Current Assets stock
= 32, 20,950 23, 50,650
= 8, 70,300
Liquid Liability = Current Liability Bank over Draft
= 11, 68,670 Nil
= 11, 68,670
8, 70,300
Liquid Ratio = -------------
11, 68,670
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= 0.744 times.
GROSS PROFIT
This ratio explains the relationship between sales & gross profit more will be the
chance to earn profit.
Gross profit = 23, 82,178
Net sales = 1, 97, 76,540
Gross profit
Gross profit = ---------------- * 100
Net sales
23, 82,178
= -----------------* 100
1, 97, 76,540
= 12.04%
NET PROFIT
This ratio indicates relationship between sales and net profit.
Net profit
Net profit = --------------- * 100
Net sales
Net profit = 17, 33,218
Net sales = 1, 97, 76,540
17, 33,218
Net profit Ratio = ------------------* 100
1, 97, 76,540
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= 8.76%
MARKETING
DEPARTMENT
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5.5. MARKETING DEPARTMENT
MARKETING
Marketing as a functional area of management is becoming increasingly important as
compared to other field such as production, finance, personnel and research & development.
The increasing significance of marketing is that marketing information has gained the present
pivotal place of importance. All the decision in modern business organization revolve around
the marketing information. It is a human activity directed at satisfying needs and wants
through exchange processor.
IMPORTANCE OF MARKETING
Customer satisfaction depends on a products perceived performance. Outstanding
marketing companies go out of their way to keep their customers satisfied. Satisfied customer
make repeat purchases, and they tell others about their good experiences with the product.
Many companies have adopted total quality management programs, designed constantly
improve the quality their products, services and marketing process.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
Customer satisfaction is closely linked to quality. Many companies have adopted total
quality management programs, designed constantly improve the quality their products,
services and marketing processes. Quality has a direct impact on product performance and
hence on customer satisfaction.
Today Companies are facing tough competition. The customers have a wide choice of
brands to select from. In order to survive the competition, the companies have to do a better
job of meeting and satisfying customer needs than their competitors.
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According to Philip Kotler Satisfaction is a persons feeling of pleasure or
disappointment resulting from comparing a products perceived performance in relation to his
or her expectation.
1. IMPORTANCE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
This need to satisfy customer for success in any commercial enterprise is very
obvious. This income or all commercial enterprise is derived from the payments received for
the products and services supplied to its external customers if there are no customer, there is
no income and there is no business. In other words, customers are the sole reason for the
existence of commercial establishment.
Thus the core activity and perhaps one of the most important activities of any
company is to attract and retain customers. The renowned management guru has said To
satisfy the customer is the mission and purpose of every business.
2. REQUIREMENT OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
Since Customer satisfaction is an important goal of any marketing program. It
becomes necessary to establish factors which help to satisfy the customer, the important
factors are:
Quality
Fair price
Series consideration of customer complaints
QUALITY
Is the totality of features and characteristics of a product (or) service that bears on its
satisfy (or) implied needs, we can that the seller has delivered quality whenever the seller
product or service meets and exceeds the customers expectation. Thus quality must be
perceived by the customer.
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Quality must be reflected in every company activity not just in company products,
quality should be reflected in advertising services, product literature, delivery, after sales
support and so on. Quality is absolutely for customer satisfaction because customers are
becoming more demanding.
FAIR PRICE
It is very important to satisfy a customer, price is actually the cost of a product or service
paid by the customer. Price should therefore commensurate with the offers perceived value. If
it is not, buyers will turn to competitors product.
SERIOUS CONSIDERATION OF CUSTOMERS COMPLAINTS
Complaints should be considered and resolved promptly at the time the fault may be
entirely with the customer. In such cases a responsible action needs to be taken. The total
fault may also lie with the company and it is this situation there should be no sifting the
blame. Instead the company should leave aside its ego and look into the complaint and
resolve it or compensate for it. This would keep the customer satisfied.
Marketing department make certain that right product reaches right people at the right
time and right place. Marketing Department typically deals with the embracing the tactics of
creating meaningful messages through words, ideas, images, and names that deliver upon the
promises / benefits an organization wishes to make with its end users. Furthermore, the
Marketing Department ensures that messages and images are delivered consistently, by every
member of the organization Marketing and Sales Department is responsible for-
1. Focus on the Customer and agents
2. Monitor the Competition
3. Own the Brand and Goodwill.
4. Create New Ideas.
5. Manage a Budget.
6. Understand the ROI.
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7. Set the brand marketing strategy
8. Plan to manage competition and execute
9. Communicate Internally
The mill believes in quality and is practicing not product marketing but quality
marketing. It helps customers in understanding his quality requirements so as to get benefit of
time and cost savings to both the mill and customers.
Mill is producing cotton yarn and synthetic yarn according to demand existed in the
market. Every week yarn processing committee will decide the rate for each count. Marketing
division will inform the mills about the quality allotted to depot keeper along with counts and
rate. Mill will dispatch the yarn to the depot keeper as per the instruction received from the
market division. The depot keeper will sell the goods to the customer and remit the sales
process to the mills within 7 days from the date of sale made by him. For the belated
remittance for the depot keeper mill will change over due interest from the 8 th day upped the
date of actual payment at the rate of 24% per annum.
The depot keeper will raise the invoice for the sales made by him. Mill will account
the sale invoice raised by depot keeper after verification.
The appointment of depot keeper will be reviewed every year based on his last one-
year performance by a committee appointed at head office.
Normally goods are being sold through depot keeper appointed at the centers.
PROMOTION POLICY
New counts are being introduced according to the recommendation given by the depot
keeper.
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AFTER SALES SERVICE
Trained technicians are available at every to rectify any defect of the product.
DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL
Most of the goods have been sold at up country. If any enquiry regarding export will
suitable considered.
DOCUMENTATION
At the time of dispatch of goods mill is preparing central invoice and form 20 to
combine with the lorry.
CREDIT SALES POLICY
There is no credit sales policy.
TAX PROCEDURE
Collection, remittance, filing, return to sales tax authorities is the responsibility of the
depot keepers.
ROLE OF MARKETING
The marketing department places the quotations to the other concerns to
receive orders.
The main purpose of marketing is to advertise the product in the market.
The Confident Engineering is being advertised in newspapers because it
is essential commodity, effective advertisement is necessary.
The promotion of sales is the main goal of the marketing department.
Marketing praises the buyers for a routine service.
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The company collects order from the leading textile manufactures making
use of job cards.
The production department produces impellers as specified in the job
cards. The sales are under distribution channel.
PRICE SETTING PROCEDURE
The steps involved in price setting include:
Development of pricing objectives
Determination of demand
Estimation of costs
Examine competitors, costs, prices and offers.
Selecting a pricing strategy
Selecting a pricing method
Final price decision
The Marketing Department performs all business activities and function to advertise
the products of the company and fetches orders.
Marketing is the back bone of any industry or any business unit without production,
marketing a firm cannot survive grow.
1. CONTRACT
After accepting the price agents they will issue contract between buyer & seller.
2. LETTER OF CREDIT
This is a negotiable instrument. It will be sent to the buyers bank from the seller bank
through any advising band in India.
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3. PAYMENT
Once the company submits invoice parting list, bill of exchange of their bank will
forward to buyers bank. Once the receipt of document is within the buyers, bank buyers the
bank that will remit the amount to their correspondent bank.
Marketing department is also controlled by merchandiser only.
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FUNCTIONAL CHART OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT
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MERCHANDISER
MARKETING
MANAGER
DEALERS
AGENTS
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HUMAN RESOURCE
DEPARTMENT
5.6. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
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HR department maintains all the records of the company and the employee for their
recruitment stage to the retirement stage. Human resource management strategy maximizes
return on investment in the organizations human capital and minimize financial risk. Human
Resources seeks to achieve this by aligning the supply of skilled and qualified individuals and
the capabilities of the current workforce, with the organization's ongoing and future business
plans and requirements to maximize return on investment and secure future survival and
success.
Typically personnel work is concerned with:
1. The recruitment and selection of new employees, e.g. helping to prepare job
advertisements and job descriptions for new posts, and helping to organize the
interview process.
2. The induction of new employees where they are introduced to the company, and
aspects of the job they will be doing as well as essential requirements such as health
and safety training.
3. Training and development. Training focuses on the needs of the organization where as
development is more concerned with identifying and meeting the needs of individual
employees.
4. Organizing the appraisal process to identify development needs of employees.
5. Representing the organization as a go between on disciplinary issues e.g. when a
worker has continuously been late for work. Dismissing and making workers
redundant where necessary.
6. Managing payment systems.
7. Taking responsibility for the motivation of employees by outlining motivational work
practices.
8. Organizing the termination of work and retirement of employees, as well as job
redundancies where appropriate.
Personnel department looks after the welfare of the employees. At present around 200
employees are working here, Which includes both permanent temporary men and women.
Classification of workers as per standing order of a company.
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1. Permanent
2. Probationary
3. Causal
4. Temporary
5. Apprentice
The main function of the personal department is selection and recruitment of staffs and
workers for the company.
The various books maintained in the personal department are:
Personal ledger account
Attendance register
Application file
Daily turn over report
Training records
VARIOUS WELFARE MEASURES
1. First aid centre
2. Safety
3. Canteen
4. Saving Scheme
5. Rest Room
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
They give training for the employees if there is any need, recommended by the
HODs or their department. If any new thing is updated they give training to the employees
either internally or externally. They also giving training for the employees who appearing for
the executives exams.
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The training for the executives is given by corporate office of Management Training
Institute, and for the non- executives given local bodies.
More training given to employees handling the systems.
PERFORMANCE APPRISAL
Based on the performance of the employee the appraisal is given.
For the executives level the performance is monitored through on-line by corporate
office and for non- executives level the performance is monitored locally by their HODs.
Their performance is marked in the rating scale as excellent (5), very good (4), good (3), bad
(2), and very bad (1).
Based on the score and their activity the promotion and hike is dependent.
One who excel in his job he was appreciated by giving awards and rewards.
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
The welfare facility is beyond the Factories Act i.e., they have medical scheme,
settling the dues immediately, housing, advance for the vehicle and building house(by
corporate office) and health care facilities. Apart from this they have sports activities,
gymnastic, school for their children, park, swimming pool, etc.
Compensation system for the employee during the work and paid leaf due to injury.
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
The department resource department takes care of recruiting , orientation, placement,
training, attendance, payroll of the employees. Time office is also a part of the department. It
is a strict policy of the company not to employ people below the age of 18. The department
manages the employees of all the units is in constant contact with the management. It
communicates the demand of the employees to the management. If there is anything that
equals the sophistication of the production facilities, it is quality of its motivated and
adequately trained managerial and non-managerial cadres of human resource.
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The shift timings of the employees are as follows:
Shift 1-8:30 am - 7:00 pm
Shift 2-9.00 pm 5.00 am (extra orders)
OBJECTIVES
To regulate the employment of contract labour in certain establishment and to provide
for abolition in certain circumstances.
Contractor is a person who undertakes to produce and give result through contractlabour or who supplies contract labour for work.
Not applicable to establishment in which work is only of an intermittent or casual
nature.
The establishment-engaging contract labour register with the authority; so also the
contractor must get a license from the licensing officer to undertake or execute any
work through contract labour.
Government can prohibit the contract labour in any process or work considering theconditions of work and other benefits provided in the establishment and taking into
account whether the process is necessary or incidental to the industry; whether it is of
perennial nature, whether it is ordinarily done through regular workmen and whether
it is sufficient to employee considerable number of whole time workmen.
TIME OFFICE
Labour welfare officer is full in-charge of the factory management verifying the daily
workings of the employees in the concern. To maintain the attendance register for the
workers.
WORKING HOURS
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The company starts its workers time at 8.30 am to 7.30 pm with a break of 45 minutes
(12.30 to 01.15) for lunch.
LEAVE DAYS
There is no leave restriction for managerial staff.
For non-managerial Casual & medical leaves 20 days, Earned leaves 18days
PAYMENT OF WAGES
The workers are done mainly under contract basis- contract means to workers have to
finish the allotted work with the time specified in the contract. After the work is finished their
statement were made.
CANTEEN FACILITY
The companies also provide canteen facility to the workers with in the concern.
HEALTH CARE
All the first aid are given by the trained person with in the concern. Medical facility
was also given to the workers in the concern.
TRAVEL EXPENSES
The concerns also provide traveling expenses to the workers working in the concern.
BONUS
During diwali seasons the bonus is paid according to the basis of wages earned during
the year and they get a certain percentage as bonus.
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Bonus is like a gift of the labour.
Calculate total working the factory in workers of the worked period of
the factory in each department is this calculation.
In percentage of staffs is 25%.
Labour working period and its calculating the 8.33% to 20% is limit.
STAFFS
HR manager, Assistant manager.
CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE
Implementation of effective cleaning and maintenance programme helps to produce
improved quality of products, longer life for machine parts, better and improved working
conditions, less fly liberation, less breakdown and repairs, low accident, etc.
Rapid changes in technology of latest and most modern machines warrants for
effective cleaning and maintenance programme to attain higher rates of production and good
quality of yarn.
Mills are ways and means for implementing the new cleaning systems and procedures
for improving machines working performance. Introduction of internal cleaning especially
for ring frame drafting zone helps in maintain the cleanliness and improves the utilization.
The cleaning and maintenance is based on the number of machines available in each
department their age, type of cleaning and maintenance schedule followed, and man-hours
allotted for each activity. Mills need more personnel.
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CHAPTER
NO: 6
CONCLUSION
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CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
This training has helped me in gaining practical knowledge in what so ever field of
study we are. Here every student requires a practical knowledge to transform him in our
study.
Thus the training has proposed by the ANNA UNIVERSITY is needed a book to
every PG students. From this training understand various aspects in VEE TEE
CREATIONS by passing through different kind of hardship to obtain a reasonable
knowledge.
In conclusion the training has helped me to gain more practical function with an
industry, which is more useful than theoretical study.