Industrialization

Industrial revolution begins in England in the 1780s.They had a lot of capital ( money ) to buy machines and factories.

Capital was coming from their colonial empires.

1768: James Hargreaves- Spinning Jenny

1782:James Watt – Scotland – steam engine

1840 – cotton products were England’s most valuable product.

1830 – first railroad in England.

FYI...

Process of spinning and weaving cotton used to be done by individuals. Now by machines. Two step process by people called Cottage Industry.

Entrepreneurs – business people.

Reasons for Industrial Revolution

Changes in Agriculture – more food/less jobs

Enclosure Movement

Capital and Entrepreneurs

Natural Resources- Home country& colony

Increased Markets

1850 – trains were going 50 mph.

Factory workers were in great demand. Better pay in factories.Left the family farm for the factoryWorked in shifts.Revolution spreads to the rest of the world. Add canals & railroads.

America

1800 - six out of seven were farmers.1860 – one out of two.Robert Fulton – steamship Railroad was called THE greatest invention.

Social Impact

City populations grew rapidly due to the factories.Most lived in miserable conditions.Tenement housing, filthy, disease.Social reformers called for change.

Women & Children

Made up 2/3 of the cotton workers.Age 9 is minimum to work.Paid half what a man gets.Bad working conditions led to a Socialism movement. Believed in equality of all people.

Children ages 9-13= 8 hour days

Children 13-18 = 12 hour days.

Robert Owen – British Utopian Socialist. Started a cooperative community in Scotland manufacturing cotton. ALL worked for the community.

His Socialist belief :

People would show their natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment. His plan flourished.A similar attempt in New Harmony, Indiana in the 1820s failed.

Development of New Classes

Industrial Middle Class

* Factory Builders

* Salespeople from factories

* Machine makers

* Factory Managers

Industrial Working Class

Inventions of the Revolution

TELEGRAPH

STEEL PLOW

MECHANICAL REAPER

SEWING MACHINE

INDOOR PLUMBING

The TelegraphCompleted by Samuel Morse in 1837-Made popular by the election of 1844

Many telegraph lines ran across railroad lines-many train stations contained telegraph offices

Down On The FarmJohn Deere invented the steel plow to cut through thick soil

Cyrus McCormick developed the mechanical reaper to cut down wheat much quicker-This reduced harvest time to 1 hr per acre

Isaac Singer perfected the sewing machine making sewing machines a symbol of prosperity and making it a tool for women to earn money out of the homes

Other Home Improvements

Iceboxes

Iron stoves

Improved clocks-cheaper

Indoor plumbing-Hotels

matches/safety pin

New FactoriesFactories changed from water power to steam allowing factories to be built closer to cities and transportation centers