INDUSTR

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What is industry? Between 1865 and

1914, the United States went from an agricultural society to an industrial society.

Factors: natural resources, large workforce, innovation, and free enterprise.

INDUSTRY

http://www.old-picture.com/united-states-history-1900s---1930s/mining-scenes-Coal.htm

Edwin Drake uses a steam engine to drill for oil.

Before the auto industry, oil was used to make kerosene.

BLACK GOLD

http://media.treehugger.com/assets/images/2011/10/edwin-drake.jpg

DRAKE’S OIL WELL

http://media.treehugger.com/assets/images/2011/10/edwin-drake.jpg

The Bessemer converter turns crude iron ore into high grade steel by introducing large amounts of oxygen to molten iron.

The Bessemer converter is a large scale, oven-like mechanism used to purify iron ore

IRON TO STEEL

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessemer_process

Technology was important for growth.

Technological innovations paved the way for new industries

Innovations helped connect the world.

INNOVATIONS & INVENTIONS

http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/recon/jb_recon_telephone_1.html

What is laissez-faireism?

The late 1800’s saw low taxes, low regulation, and low government intervention

High tariffs on foreign goods.

FREE ENTERPRISE

INNOVA

TIONS &

INDUSTR

Y

How did an abundance of natural resources contribute to economic growth in the US, during the late 1800’s?

How have the innovations of the late 19th century evolved into the technology we use today? Describe how one specific invention impacts your daily life.

How has our countries outlook on free enterprise changed between the late 1800’s and today?

Questio

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BIG B

USINESS, &

TYCOONS

The growth and consolidation of the RR industry influenced many facets of American life

Unchecked power of the RR companies led to heavy abuse.

RAILROADS

Despite RR companies abuse of power, the RR industry spurred rapid economic growth in industries such as:

iron, coal, steel, and timber.

Also led to the growth of towns and new markets.

RAILROADS

Before the 1880’s, each community relied on their own time based off of sun dials.

The American Railway Association adopted time zones in 1883.

RAILROADS

As new industries began to emerge there were a few that amassed large amounts of wealth.

Consolidation of industries, and the removal of the middle-man

Trusts and extreme wealth for individuals

BIG BUSINESS TYCOONS

J.P. Morganhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/

commons/4/41/JohnPierpontMorgan.png

Was one of the first industrial giants.

Relied upon vertical integration to run his steel business.

By 1899 the Carnegie Steel Company produced more steel than all of Great Britain

ANDREW CARNEGIE

Received his big start in oil refining after the Civil War.

Founded the Standard Oil company in 1870.

Relied upon horizontal integration

By 1890, Standard Oil controlled 90 percent of the oil refining market.

JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER

In 1880, George Pullman built a factory for manufacturing sleepers and other railroad cars in Illinois

The nearby town Pullman built for his employees was modeled after early industrial European towns

Pullman workers felt his puritanical town was too strict

GEORGE PULLMAN

Other wealthy business men include:

Jay Gould

Cornelius Vanderbilt

J.P. Morgan

BIG BUSINESS TYCOONS

BIG B

USINESS, &

TYC

OONS

How did the industrialization of the US change the “landscape” of the country?

Explain the polarization of wealth across the American society.

LABOR U

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A labor union is an organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members’ interest

The creation of labor unions were a response to the abuse of employees

Unions fought for workers rights and safer work conditions

WHY LABOR UNIONS?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ed/Knights_of_labor_seal.gif

Knights of Labor

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

“Wages, working hours, and working conditions”

LABOR UNIONS

Samuel Gompers

The Haymarket Riot

Homestead Strike

The Pullman Strike

CONFLICT