Industrialization

What did business leaders & social critics argue regarding

government’s role in business?

•People should be self-reliant, government should not interfere with business

•Business was more powerful than the individual, government needed to protect workers & society

How did business change?

•Got bigger•more complex•more

mechanized•more powerful

Factors fueling industrial development...•Railroads•immigration•abundant

natural resources

•technology

Geography’s effect...

•abundant natural resources•water transportation•farm land to provide food•room to grow

Industrial growth in the U.S.

• 1860 first rate powers -- Britain, France, Germany

• U.S. a second rate industrial power

• by 1890 in first rate group

• WE ARE #1!!!

• MORE THAN OTHERS COMBINED

6. How much growth?

• from a 3rd rate industrial power

• to the #1 power in the world!

Heroes: Real & Imagined...

•Andrew Carnegie•John D. Rockefeller•J.P. Morgan•Horatio Alger

What do the

wealthy owe

to society?

The Gilded AgeThe Gilded AgeTheory or Movement Main IdeaSocial DarwinismSocial Darwinism Survival of the Fittest

Laissez-FaireLaissez-Faire No Government Interference in Business

Gospel of WealthGospel of Wealth The wealthy use philanthropy to create conditions that help people help themselves

RealismRealism Portray the World Realistically

Carnegie’s Gospel of Wealth

1889 The wealthy had a right to make money, and

a responsibility to spend it properly The Millionaire he argued should be a:

• “trustee for his poorer brethren, bringing to their service his superior wisdom, experience, and ability to administer, doing for them better than would or could for themselves”

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism• Based on Darwin’s theory of “Survival of the

Fittest”• Biggest proponent of this theory was William

Graham Sumner, Yale professor• “Millionaires are a product of natural selection. They

get high wages and live in luxury, but the bargain is a good one for society.”

• Business world was about struggle and should be free of Gov’t regulation

• Firms led by the “Fittest” would driver their competitors out of business.

• Based on Darwin’s theory of “Survival of the Fittest”

• Biggest proponent of this theory was William Graham Sumner, Yale professor• “Millionaires are a product of natural selection. They

get high wages and live in luxury, but the bargain is a good one for society.”

• Business world was about struggle and should be free of Gov’t regulation

• Firms led by the “Fittest” would driver their competitors out of business.

Laissez-Faire EconomicsLaissez-Faire Economics

Approved by Social DarwinistsApproved by Social Darwinists This thought rejected Gov’t involvement in the This thought rejected Gov’t involvement in the

economyeconomy The Free Market would regulate business, not the The Free Market would regulate business, not the

government.government. ““Survival of the Fittest”Survival of the Fittest”

Most Americans accepted this Pro-Business Most Americans accepted this Pro-Business PhilosophyPhilosophy

Horatio Alger Novels – “Rags to Riches” storieHoratio Alger Novels – “Rags to Riches” storie

Approved by Social DarwinistsApproved by Social Darwinists This thought rejected Gov’t involvement in the This thought rejected Gov’t involvement in the

economyeconomy The Free Market would regulate business, not the The Free Market would regulate business, not the

government.government. ““Survival of the Fittest”Survival of the Fittest”

Most Americans accepted this Pro-Business Most Americans accepted this Pro-Business PhilosophyPhilosophy

Horatio Alger Novels – “Rags to Riches” storieHoratio Alger Novels – “Rags to Riches” storie

Changing Culture Realism

Portray world realistically Art & Literature

Mark Twain

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Popular CulturePopular Culture

The Saloon Centers of towns

Drinks, Toilets, Water for Horses, “Free Lunch”, Political Centers

Amusement Parks Coney Island

Vaudeville & Ragtime Hodgepodge of Acts Hectic city life

The Saloon Centers of towns

Drinks, Toilets, Water for Horses, “Free Lunch”, Political Centers

Amusement Parks Coney Island

Vaudeville & Ragtime Hodgepodge of Acts Hectic city life

BaseballBaseball

Abner Doubleday 1869 Cincinatti Red Stockings

BaseballBaseball

18761876 Eight Teams formed the National LeagueEight Teams formed the National League

19011901 American league was formedAmerican league was formed

19031903 First World SeriesFirst World Series Boston Americans (4) vs. Pittsburgh Boston Americans (4) vs. Pittsburgh

Pirates (3)Pirates (3)

18761876 Eight Teams formed the National LeagueEight Teams formed the National League

19011901 American league was formedAmerican league was formed

19031903 First World SeriesFirst World Series Boston Americans (4) vs. Pittsburgh Boston Americans (4) vs. Pittsburgh

Pirates (3)Pirates (3)

First World SeriesFirst World Series

BasketballBasketball

BasketballBasketball

Dr. James Naismith YMCA – Home of Basketball

The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches

it, allowance to be made for a man running at good speed. it, allowance to be made for a man running at good speed. The ball must be held by the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it. The ball must be held by the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it. No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The first No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The first

infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of until the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed. the game. No substitution shall be allowed.

A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in Rule 5. Rule 5.

If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul). (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul).

A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal. rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.

When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them. persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them.

The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according to three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5. Rule 5.

The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals, with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee. and keep account of the goals, with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.

The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between. The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between. The side making the most goals in that time is declared the winner. The side making the most goals in that time is declared the winner.

The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches

it, allowance to be made for a man running at good speed. it, allowance to be made for a man running at good speed. The ball must be held by the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it. The ball must be held by the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it. No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The first No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The first

infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of until the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed. the game. No substitution shall be allowed.

A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in Rule 5. Rule 5.

If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul). (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul).

A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal. rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.

When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them. persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them.

The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according to three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5. Rule 5.

The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals, with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee. and keep account of the goals, with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.

The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between. The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between. The side making the most goals in that time is declared the winner. The side making the most goals in that time is declared the winner.

Naismith’s 13 Rules of Basketball

FootballFootball

Walter CampWalter Camp, the , the "Father of American "Father of American Football", pictured Football", pictured here in 1878 as the here in 1878 as the captain of the Yale captain of the Yale Football team Football team

Walter CampWalter Camp, the , the "Father of American "Father of American Football", pictured Football", pictured here in 1878 as the here in 1878 as the captain of the Yale captain of the Yale Football team Football team

FootballFootball

Michigan Football - 19021869 Rutgers-Princeton First Inter Collegiate Football Game

FootballFootball

FootballFootball

In 1920, the first professional league, the In 1920, the first professional league, the American Professional Football AssociationAmerican Professional Football Association, , was founded, in a meeting at a was founded, in a meeting at a HupmobileHupmobile car dealership in Canton, Ohio. Jim car dealership in Canton, Ohio. Jim Thorpe was elected the league's first president. After several more meetings, the Thorpe was elected the league's first president. After several more meetings, the league's membership was formalized. The original teams were:league's membership was formalized. The original teams were:

Akron ProsAkron Pros Buffalo All-AmericansBuffalo All-Americans Canton BulldogsCanton Bulldogs Chicago TigersChicago Tigers Cleveland Indians Cleveland Indians Columbus Panhandles Columbus Panhandles Dayton Triangles Dayton Triangles Decatur Staleys Decatur Staleys Detroit Heralds Detroit Heralds Hammond Pros Hammond Pros Muncie Flyers Muncie Flyers Racine Cardinals Racine Cardinals Rochester Jeffersons Rochester Jeffersons Rock Island Independents Rock Island Independents

In 1920, the first professional league, the In 1920, the first professional league, the American Professional Football AssociationAmerican Professional Football Association, , was founded, in a meeting at a was founded, in a meeting at a HupmobileHupmobile car dealership in Canton, Ohio. Jim car dealership in Canton, Ohio. Jim Thorpe was elected the league's first president. After several more meetings, the Thorpe was elected the league's first president. After several more meetings, the league's membership was formalized. The original teams were:league's membership was formalized. The original teams were:

Akron ProsAkron Pros Buffalo All-AmericansBuffalo All-Americans Canton BulldogsCanton Bulldogs Chicago TigersChicago Tigers Cleveland Indians Cleveland Indians Columbus Panhandles Columbus Panhandles Dayton Triangles Dayton Triangles Decatur Staleys Decatur Staleys Detroit Heralds Detroit Heralds Hammond Pros Hammond Pros Muncie Flyers Muncie Flyers Racine Cardinals Racine Cardinals Rochester Jeffersons Rochester Jeffersons Rock Island Independents Rock Island Independents