Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad - Fm 7-8 w Ch 1

7/31/2019 Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad - Fm 7-8 w Ch 1

1/409


2/409

IH 3-0K5

@GEMUWER]GR[K@ENCG 5 MG\ER]HGN] DI ]@G ERHV

Ses`fnctdn, MK, 5 Herk` 2


3/409

K5, ih 3-05 Herk` 2


4/409


5/409


6/409


7/409


8/409


9/409

IH 3-0

\RGIEKG]`fs henuea prdvfmgs mdktrfng, tektfks, tgk`nfqugs enm prdkgmurgs dn

`dw fnientry rfiag paetddns enm squems ifc`t. Fnientry rfiag paetddns enm

squems fnkaumg fnientry, efrbdrng, efr esseuat, rencgr, enm afc`t fnientrypaetddns enm squems. ]`fs henuea supgrsgmgs IH 3-0, Fnientry \aetddnenm [quem metgm Eprfa 5605, es wgaa es IH 3-3


10/409

IH 3-0

]ektfks. 5. ]`g GH\ADVHGN] di unfts fn kdhbet. 2. ]`g drmgrgmERRENCGHGN] enm HENGWYGR di unfts fn rgaetfdn tdgek` dt`gr enm/dr td t`g gnghy fn drmgr td utfafzg t`gfr iuaa

pdtgntfea. (JDFN] \ub 5-


11/409

K@E\]GR 5

MDK]RFNG]`g W[ Erhys besfk ifc`tfnc mdktrfng fs keaagm EfrAenm

Bettag. Ft rgiagkts tfhg prdvgn iunmehgnteas, t`g strukturgdi hdmgh werierg, enm t`g gxpgrfgnkg di kdhbet. EfrAenmBettag mdktrfng prdvfmgs e spgkfifk hfssfdn idr fnientry

idrkgs.

[gktfdn F. IWNMEHGN]EA[

Ehdnc t`g fnientrys besfk iunmehgnteas erg t`g prfnkfpags diwer, t`g gaghgnts di kdhbet pdwgr, enm t`g tgngts di EfrAenmBettag. ]`gsg iunmehgnteas èvg eppafketfdn et t`g paetddn enmsquem agvga. ]`fs sgktfdn prdvfmgs t`g hfssfdn di t`g fnientry enm

t`g mdktrfng prfnkfpags besfk td t`g fnientry rfiag paetddn enmsquem. ]`gsg prfnkfpags idrh t`g besfs idr paetddn enm squemtektfks, tgk`nfqugs, prdkgmurgs, enm mrfaas. ]`fs sgktfdn easd mfs-kussgs t`g gaghgnts di kdhbet pdwgr enm t`g sofaas rgqufrgm diagemgrs enm sdamfgrs et t`g sheaa-unft agvga.

5-5. HF[[FDN]`g hfssfdn di t`g fnientry fs td kadsg wft` t`g gnghy by hgens di ifrg enm

henguvgr td mgiget dr kepturg `fh, dr td rgpga `fs esseuat by ifrg, kadsgkdhbet, enm kduntgretteko.e. Mgspftg eny tgk`ndadcfkea emventecgs tèt dur erhgm idrkgs hfc`t

èvg dvgr en gnghy, dnay kadsg kdhbet bgtwggn crdunm idrkgs cefns t`gmgkfsfdn fn bettag. Fnientry rfiag idrkgs (fnientry, efrbdrng, efr esseuat,afc`t, enm rencgr) èvg e ogy rdag fn kadsg kdhbet sftuetfdns. ]`gy

Etteko dvgr epprdek`gs tèt erg ndt igesfbag idr `gevy idrkgs. Heog fnftfea pgngtretfdns fn mfiifkuat tgrrefn idr

gxpadftetfdns by erhdr enm hgkènfzgm fnientry. Rgtefn gxfstfnc dbstekags enm mfiifkuat tgrrefn es

pfvdts idr dpgretfdnea enm tektfkea henguvgr. [gfzg dr sgkurg idrgstgm enm bufat-up erges. Kdntrda rgstrfktfvg rdutgs idr usg by dt`gr idrkgs.

5-5


12/409

IH 3-0

Dpgretg prfherfay et nfc`t dr murfnc dt`gr pgrfdms

di neturea dr fnmukgm afhftgm vfsfbfafty. Idaadw enm suppdrt gxpadftfnc `gevy idrkgs w`gn

euchgntgm wft` trenspdrtetfdn.

Kdnmukt rger erge dpgretfdns, kepfteafzfnc dn efr hdbfafty.b. [ukkgss fn bettag `fncgs dn t`g ektfdns di paetddns enm squems fn

kadsg kdhbet? dn t`gfr ebfafty td rgekt td kdntekt, ghpady supprgssfvg tfrgs,henguvgr td e vuangrebag iaeno, enm ifc`t t`rduc` td mgiget, mgstrdy, drkepturg t`g gnghy. ]`g sukkgssiua ektfdns di sheaa unfts rgafgs dn t`gebfafty di agemgrs enm sdamfgrs td usg tgrrefn td cddm emventecg? td dpgretgt`gfr wgepdns wft` ekkureky enm mgemay giigkt? td dut t`fno, dut hdvg, enmdut ifc`t t`g gnghy.

k. Fnientry iftag paetddns enm squems ndrheaay dpgretg es pert di eaercgr idrkg. ]`gy bgngift irdh t`g suppdrt di dt`gr fnientry unfts, erhdr,ertfaagry, hdrters, kadsg efr, efr mgignsg, enm gncfnggr essgts. ]`gy easdprdvfmg t`gfr dwn supprgssfvg ifrgs gft`gr td rgpga gnghy esseuats dr tdsuppdrt t`gfr dwn henguvgr.

5-2. KDHBE] \DSGR]`g mdktrfng tèt cufmgs fnientry idrkgs fs besgm dn t`g idur gaghgnts di

kdhbet pdwgr: henguvgr, ifrgpdwgr, prdtgktfdn, enm agemgrs`fp.e. Henguvgr. Henguvgr fs t`g hdvghgnt di idrkgs suppdrtgm by ifrg

td ek`fgvg e pdsftfdn di emventecg irdh w`fk` td mgstrdy dr t`rgetgnmgstruktfdn di t`g gnghy. Fnientry idrkgs hdvg td cefn e pdsftfdn diemventecg dvgr t`g gnghy enm td `dam tèt emventecg. ]`gy henguvgr tdetteko gnghy iaenos, rger erges, adcfstfks pdfnts, enm kdhhenm pdsts. Fnt`g mgignsg, t`gy henguvgr td kduntgretteko e èno di t`g gnghy etteko.Henguvgr, prdpgray suppdrtgm by ifrgs, eaadws t`g fnientry td kadsg wft`

t`g gnghy enm cefn e mgkfsfdn fn kdhbet.b. Ifrgpdwgr. Ifrgpdwgr fs t`g kepekfty di e unft td mgafvgr giigktfvg

ifrgs dn e tercgt. Ifrgpdwgr ofaas dr supprgssgs t`g gnghy fn `fs pdsftfdns,mgkgfvgs t`g gnghy, enm suppdrts henguvgr. Sft`dut giigktfvg suppdrt-fnc ifrgs t`g fnientry kenndt henguvgr. Bgidrg ettghptfnc td henguvgr,unfts hust gstebafs` e besg di ifrg. E besg di ifrg fs paekgm dn en gnghyidrkg dr pdsftfdn td rgmukg dr gafhfnetg t`g gnghys ebfafty td fntgrigrgwft` irfgnmay henguvgr gaghgnts. Agemgrs hust ondw `dw td kdntrda,

hess, enm kdhbfng ifrg wft` henguvgr. ]`gy hust fmgntfiy t`g hdstkrftfkea tercgts qufkoay, mfrgkt ifrgs dntd t`gh, enm gnsurg tèt t`g vdauhgdi ifrgs fs suiifkfgnt td oggp t`g gnghy irdh rgturnfnc ifrg giigktfvgay, enmt`g unft irdh gxpgnmfnc ehhunftfdn nggmagssay.

k. \rdtgktfdn. \rdtgktfdn fs t`g kdnsgrvetfdn di t`g ifc`tfnc pdtgntfeadi e idrkg sd tèt ft ken bg eppafgm et t`g mgkfsfvg tfhg enm paekg. Wnfts

5-2


13/409

IH 3-0

hust ngvgr pgrhft t`g gnghy td ekqufrg en ungxpgktgm emventecg. \ae-tddns enm squems teog ektfvg enm pessfvg hgesurgs td prdtgkt t`ghsgavgsirdh surprfsg, dbsgrvetfdn, mgtgktfdn, fntgrigrgnkg, gspfdnecg, sebdtecg,

dr enndyenkg. \rdtgktfdn fnkaumgs twd besfk kdnsfmgretfdns: kerg di t`gsdamfgr enm `fs gqufphgnt, enm ektfdn td kduntgr gnghy kdhbet pdwgr.

(5) ]`g ifrst kdnsfmgretfdn fnvdavgs sustefnhgnt tgk`nfqugs ngkgs-sery td hefntefn t`g paetddn enm squems es en giigktfvg ifc`tfnc idrkg. Ftfnkaumgs oggpfnc sdamfgrs `geat`y td hefntefn ifc`tfnc hdreag t`rduc`pgrsdnea `ycfgng, p`ysfkea kdnmftfdnfnc, enm rgst paens. Ft easd fnkaumgsoggpfnc gqufphgnt fn cddm wdrofnc kdnmftfdn, enm prdvfmfnc enm prd-tgktfnc suppafgs. Ft hgens henecfnc t`g sdamfgrs adem sd tèt `g kerrfgs

dnay wèt fs nggmgm enm fs ift td ifc`t w`gn rgqufrgm.(2) ]`g sgkdnm fnvdavgs sgkurfty, mfspgrsfdn, kdvgr, kehduiaecg,

mgkgptfdn, enm supprgssfdn di gnghy wgepdns. Watfhetgay, t`g fnientry-hen hust rghefn unmgtgktgm td survfvg. Dnkg idunm, t`g fnientryhenbgkdhgs vuangrebag td eaa t`g ifrgs di t`g gnghy enm `g hust gft`gr ifc`ttd brgeo kdntekt dr td kadsg wft` enm ifnfs` t`g gnghy. ]`g fnientry eaweyswents td sgt t`g tfhg enm paekg di bettag, enm hust prdtgkt ftsgai sd tèt ftken md sd wft` hexfhuh kdhbet pdwgr enm t`g fhpdrtent gaghgnt di

surprfsg.m. Agemgrs`fp. Hfaftery agemgrs`fp fs e prdkgss by w`fk` e sdamfgr

fniaugnkgs dt`grs td ekkdhpafs` t`g hfssfdn. Agemgrs kddrmfnetg t`gdt`gr t`rgg gaghgnts di kdhbet pdwgr. ]`gfr kdhpgtgnt enm kdnifmgntagemgrs`fp rgsuats fn giigktfvg unft ektfdn. ]`g rfc`t agemgrs`fp cfvgspurpdsg, mfrgktfdn, enm hdtfvetfdn fn kdhbet. Agemgrs hust ondw t`gfrprdigssfdn, t`gfr sdamfgrs, enm t`g tddas di wer. Dnay t`fs ofnm di agemgrken mfrgkt sdamfgrs td md mfiifkuat tesos unmgr mencgrdus enm strgssiua

kdnmftfdns.

5-;. AGEMGR [OFAA[Fnientry paetddn enm squem agemgrs hust bg tektfkfens. ]`gy kenndt rgaydn e bddo td sdavg tektfkea prdbaghs. ]`gy hust unmgrstenm enm usgfnftfetfvg fn ekkdhpafs`fnc t`g hfssfdn. ]`fs hgens tèt t`gy hust ondw`dw td eneayzg t`g sftuetfdn qufkoay enm heog mgkfsfdns repfmay fn afc`tdi t`g kdhhenmgrs fntgnt. ]`gy hust bg prgpergm td teog fnmgpgnmgnt

ektfdn fi ngkgssery. ]`g ert di heofnc sdunm mgkfsfdns qufkoay afgs fn t`gondwagmcg di tektfks, t`g gstfhetg prdkgss, enm paetddn enm squem tgk`-nfqugs enm prdkgmurgs. ]`g sofaas rgqufrgm di fnientry agemgrs fnkaumgp`ysfkea tduc`ngss, tgk`nfkea ondwagmcg, hgntea ecfafty, enm e ifrh crespdi `dw td hdtfvetg sdamfgrs td ifc`t dn fn t`g iekg di emvgrsfty.

5-;


14/409

IH 3-0

5-=. [DAMFGR [OFAA[[damfgrs wft` sèrpay `dngm sofaas idrh t`g bufamfnc badkos di kdhbetgiigktfvg squems enm paetddns. ]`gy hust hefntefn e `fc` stetg di

p`ysfkea iftngss. ]`gy hust bg gxpgrts fn t`g usg di t`gfr prfherywgepdns. ]`gy hust bg prdifkfgnt fn fnientry sofaas (aenm nevfcetfdn,kehduiaecg, fnmfvfmuea hdvghgnt tgk`nfqugs, survfvea tgk`nfqugs, enmsd idrt`). Ifneaay, t`gy hust ondw enm prektfkg t`gfr rdags es hghbgrsdi ifrg tgehs, squems, enm paetddns.

5-7. ]REFNFNCFnientry unfts hust trefn prdpgray idr kdhbet. ]refnfnc hust kdnidrh td

Erhy mdktrfng. Mdktrfnea henueas prdvfmg agemgrs kdrrgkt prdkgmurgsenm prfnkfpags td kdnmukt trefnfnc prdpgray. Agemgrs enm sdamfgrs hustunmgrstenm stenmermfzgm mdktrfnea prfnkfpags idunm fn eppafkebag pubafke-tfdns. ]`gy s`duam rgigr td ER]G\ 3-0-H]\ td ifnm t`g spgkfifk kdnmf-tfdns enm stenmerms idr t`g tgk`nfqugs enm prdkgmurgs mfskussgm fn t`fshenuea. ]refnfnc hust rgqufrg unft agemgrs td usg t`gfr fnftfetfvg enmheog mgkfsfdns qufkoay. ]`g trefnfnc gnvfrdnhgnt hust bg rgeafstfk enmstrgssiua. ]refnfnc hust kèaagncg sdamfgrs td hestgr eaa fnientry tesos,fnmfvfmuea enm kdaagktfvg, enm ft hust kdnstentay rghfnm t`gh di t`gfrhfssfdn, t`gfr `grftecg, enm t`g p`ysfkea enm hgntea tduc`ngss tèt fsrgqufrgm di t`gh. \aetddn trefnfnc hust easd prdhdtg t`g kd`gsfdn diXt`gunft sd tèt, w`gn eaa gasg iefas, unfts kdntfnug td ifc`t.

[gktfdn FF. \AE]DDN D\GRE]FDN[

]`fs sgktfdn mgskrfbgs t`g t`rgg besfk tektfkea dpgretfdns unmgr-

teogn by fnientry paetddns enm squems-hdvghgnt, diignsg, enmmgignsg. Ft easd mfskussgs t`g rgqufrghgnt idr sgkurfty w`fk` fsfn`grgnt fn eaa paetddn dpgretfdns. Fnientry tektfks bufam dn t`gidaadwfnc ifvg prfnkfpags:

5 .

2 .

; .

[quems enm paetddns ifc`t t`rduc` gnghy kdntekt et t`gadwgst pdssfbag agvga.

[quems fn kdntekt hust gstebafs` giigktfvg supprgssfvg

ifrg bgidrg t`gy dr dt`gr squems ken henguvgr. Fi t`gsquem kenndt hdvg unmgr fts dwn ifrgs, t`g paetddn hustettghpt td cefn supprgssfvg ifrgs enm t`gn henguvgrecefnst t`g gnghy pdsftfdn.

\aetddns enm squems wfaa ifc`t es drcenfzgm wft` ifrgtgehs enm squems rgtefnfnc t`gfr fntgcrfty. Gvgn bummytgehs saey t`g sehg. ]`g tgeh agemgr enm t`g eutdhetfk

5-=


15/409

IH 3-0

rfiaghen idrh dng bummy tgeh, enm t`g crgnemfgr(H2


16/409

IH 3-0

\aetddns enm squems usk t`rgg hdvghgnt tgk`nfqugs: trevgafnc, trevgafncdvgrwetk`, enm bdunmfnc dvgrwetk`.

(5) Afog idrhetfdns, hdvghgnt _tgk`nfqugs prdvfmg veryfnc mgcrggsdi kdntrda sgkurfty, enm iagxfbfafty.

(2) Hdvghgnt tgk`nfqugs mfiigr irdh idrhetfdns fn twd weys:(e) Idrhetfdns erg rgaetfvgay ifxgm? hdvghgnt tgk`nfqugs erg ndt.

]`g mfstenkg bgtwggn hdvfnc unfts dr t`g mfstenkg tèt e squem bdunmsewey irdh en dvgrwtetk`fnc squem verfgs besgm dn iektdrs di HG]]-].

(b) Idrhetfdns eaadw t`g paetddn td wgfc`t fts hexfhuh ifrgpdwgrfn e mgsfrgm mfrgktfdn? hdvghgnt tgk`nfqugs eaadw squems td heog kdntektwft` t`g gnghy wft` t`g sheaagst gaghgnt pdssfbag. ]`fs eaadws agemgrs tdgstebafs` e besg di ifrg, fnftfetg supprgssfvg ifrgs, enm ettghpt td henguvgr

wft`dut ifrst èvfnc td mfsgncecg dr bg rgfnidrkgm.(;) Agemgrs besg t`gfr sgagktfdn di e pertfkuaer hdvghgnt tgk`nfqugdn t`g afogaf`ddm di gnghy kdntekt enm t`g rgqufrghgnt idr spggm.

k. Dt`gr Kdnsfmgretfdns. Fn paennfnc tektfkea hdvghgnt, agemgrss`duam easd kdnsfmgr t`g rgqufrghgnts idr

Rgkdnnefssenkg. Mfspgrsfdn. [gkurfty. Kdvgr enm kdnkgeahgnt.

[pggm. Dbsgrvetfdn enm ifgams di ifrg. Henguvgr spekg. Kdhhenm enm kdntrda.

5-3. DIIGN[GWnfts unmgrteog diignsfvg dpgretfdns td mgstrdy t`g gnghy enm `fs wfaa tdifc`t? td sgfzg tgrrefn? td agern gnghy strgnct` enm mfspdsftfdn? dr tdmgkgfvg, mfvgrt, dr ifx t`g gnghy. Fnientry paetddns enm squems ndrheaay

kdnmukt diignsfvg dpgretfdns es pert di e aercgr idrkg. @dwgvgr, t`gy kenpgridrh sdhg diignsfvg dpgretfdns fnmgpgnmgntay. ]`g kdhpeny kdh-henmgrs eppafketfdn di kdhbet pdwgr et t`g mgkfsfvg pdfnt mgtgrhfngst`g dutkdhg di t`g bettag. Diignsfvg dpgretfdns erg kèrektgrfzgm byiagxfbfafty, surprfsg, kdnkgntretfdn, spggm, enm eumekfty. Diignsfvg dpgre-tfdns fnkaumg hdvghgnts td kdntekt, ettekos, refms, rgkdnnefssenkg enmsgkurfty dpgretfdns, enm ehbus`gs.

e. Hdvghgnt td Kdntekt. E hdvghgnt td kdntekt fs en diignsfvg

ektfdn tèt sggos (td cefn dr rgcefn kdntekt wft` t`g gnghy. Wsueaay, e unfthdvfnc td kdntekt aekos mgtefagm fnidrhetfdn ebdut t`g gnghy. Wpdnheofnc kdntekt, e unft fmgntfifgs t`g gnghy strgnct`s enm wgeongssgs esft mgvgadps t`g sftuetfdn. E paetddn kdnmukts e hdvghgnt td kdntekt es

5-9


17/409

IH 3-0

pert di e kdhpeny. Kdnsfmgretfdns idr paennfnc enm kdnmuktfnc hdvg-hgnts td kdntekt fnkaumg

Heog gnghy kdntekt wft` t`g sheaagst gaghgnt pdssfbag. \rgvgnt mgtgktfdn di gaghgnts ndt fn kdntekt untfa t`gy

erg fn t`g esseuat. Hefntefn ;9


18/409

IH 3-0

(g)Gxgkutg. Kerry dut t`g essfcngm hfssfdn. ]`g hfssfdn ken bgmgstrdy gnghy idrkgs dr gqufphgnt, sgfzg ogy tgrrefn dr en erge, kepturgprfsdngrs, dr cet`gr fnidrhetfdn.

k. ]ypgs di Etteko. En etteko fs en diignsfvg ektfdn kèrektgrfzgm by

hdvghgnt suppdrtgm by ifrg. ]`grg erg twd typgs di etteko: èsty enmmgafbgretg. ]`gy erg mfstfncufs`gm k`fgiay by t`g afhg evefaebag idr prgpe-retfdn. Emmftfdneaay, spgkfea-purpdsg ettekos fnkaumg refms enm ehbus`gs.[ukkgssiua etteko mgpgnms dn kdnkgntretfnc t`g hexfhuh pdssfbag s`dkoenm vfdagnkg ecefnst t`g gnghy idrkg. Fnientry idrkgs kdhbfng s`dko enmvfdagnkg wft` surprfsg. ]`g dbjgktfvg fs td sèttgr t`g gnghys ngrvg, rufn`fs synk`rdnfzetfdn, unrevga `fs paen, enm mgstrdy `fs unfts kd`gsfdn enmt`g wfaafncngss di `fs sdamfgrs td ifc`t. E sukkgssiua etteko kdhbfngs e

sk`ghg di henguvgr wft` e kddrmfnetgm paen di mfrgkt enm fnmfrgkt ifrgsuppdrt. ]`g idkus di en ettekofnc paetddns ifrg enm henguvgr fs e wgeopdfnt, e vuangrebag iaeno, dr t`g rger di en gnghy. Dnkg `g ès fmgntfifgmt`g pdfnt di etteko, t`g agemgr gstebafs`gs e besg di ifrg td ofaa, ifx, drsupprgss t`g gnghy et tèt pdfnt. @g t`gn henguvgrs t`g rgst di `fs idrkgtd e pdsftfdn irdh w`fk` ft ken esseuat.

(5)@esty etteko. E èsty etteko fs kdnmuktgm wft` t`g idrkgs fhhg-mfetgay evefaebag td hefntefn hdhgntuh dr td teog emventecg di t`g

gnghy sftuetfdn. Ft mdgs ndt ndrheaay eaadw idr gxtgnsfvg prgperetfdn.(2)Mgafbgretg etteko. E mgafbgretg etteko fs kergiuaay paenngm enm

kddrmfnetgm. Hdrg tfhg fs evefaebag td pgridrh t`drduc` rgkdnnefssenkg,gveauetfdn di eaa evefaebag fntgaafcgnkg enm rgaetfvg kdhbet strgnct`,eneaysfs di verfdus kdursgs di ektfdn, enm dt`gr iektdrs eiigktfnc t`gsftuetfdn. Ft fs cgngreaay kdnmuktgm ecefnst e wgaa-drcenfzgm mgignsg w`gne èsty etteko fs ndt pdssfbag dr ès bggn kdnmuktgm enm iefagm.

(;)Refm. E refm fs en dpgretfdn fnvdavfnc e swfit pgngtretfdn di

`dstfag tgrrftdry td sgkurg fnidrhetfdn, td kdniusg t`g gnghy, dr td mgstrdy`fs fnsteaaetfdns. Ft gnms wft` e paenngm wft`mrewea eitgr kdhpagtfdn dit`g essfcngm hfssfdn.

(=)Ehbus`. En ehbus` fs e surprfsg etteko by ifrg irdh kdnkgeagmpdsftfdns dn e hdvfnc dr tghpdrerfay èatgm gnghy unft. Ft kdhbfngs t`gemventecgs enm kèrektgrfstfks di t`g diignsg wft` t`dsg di t`g mgignsg.

m. Fnftfetfvg fn t`g Etteko. [gfzfnc enm rgtefnfnc t`g fnftfetfvg fn-vdavgs hdrg tèn just ek`fgvfnc tektfkea surprfsg. Ft fnvdavgs e prdkgss dipaennfnc enm prgperfnc idr kdhbet dpgretfdns, ifnmfnc t`g gnghy ifrst,evdfmfnc mgtgktfdn, ifxfnc t`g gnghy, adketfnc dr krgetfnc e wgeongss, enmhenguvgrfnc td gxpadft tèt wgeongss wft` e qufko enm vfdagnt esseuat.

(5)\aen enm prgperg. Agemgrs usk t`g trddp-agemfnc prdkgmurg tdheog surg tèt eaa nkgkssery stgps erg teogn td prgperg idr en dpgretfdn.Agemgrs usg t`g gstfhetg di t`g sftuetfdn td eneayzg t`g iektdrs di HG]]-]

5-0


19/409

IH 3-0

enm td mgtgrhfng t`g bgst kdursg di ektfdn enm td gnsurg tèt agemgrs,sdamfgrs, enm t`gfr gqufphgnt ken pgridrh t`g tesos ngkgssery td ekkdh-pafs` t`g hfssfdn.

(2)Ifnm t`g gnghy. \aetddn agemgrs ifnm t`g gnghy by ondwfnc `dw`g ifc`ts, by eneayzfnc t`g tgrrefn fn afc`t di t`fs ondwagmcg, enm by ektfvgayrgkdnndftgrfnc td adketg `fh.

(;)Evdfm mgtgktfdn. \aetddns evdfm mgtgktfdn by hdvfnc eadnc t`gagest gxpgktgm, cgngreaay t`g hdst mfiifkuat, rdutg. ]`gy usg t g tgrrefn tdheso t`gfr hdvghgnts. ]`gy usg prdpgr kehduiaecg tgk`nfqugs enmhdvg wft` stgeat`. ]`fs eaadws paetddns td kepfteafzg dn surprfsg. Eaa dit`fs rgqufrgs fhecfnetfdn fn agemgrs enm stehfne fn eaa sdamfgrs.

(=)Ifx t`g gnghy.\aetddns enm squems ifx gnghy idrkgs by ghpadyfncsupprgssfvg ifrgs tèt ofaa gxpdsgm gnghy sdamfgrs enm mgstrdy t`gfr wgep-dns. Es e hfnfhuh, t`gy rgnmgr t`g vdauhg enm ekkureky di t`g gnghysifrg fngiigktfvg.

(7)Ifnm dr krgetg e wgeongss. Agemgrs addo idr vuangrebag iaenos, cepsfn afngs, dr auaas fn gnghy ifrg. S`gn t`gy kenndt rgemfay ifnm e wgeongss,t`gy krgetg dng wft ` supprgssfvg ifrg enm t`g surprfsg giigkt di fts summgnaykdhfnc irdh en ungxpgktgm mfrgktfdn.

(9)Henguvgr td gxpadft t`g wgeongss. Agemgrs hust gxpadft t`fs wgeo-ngss by hdvfnc td t`g bgst kdvgrgm enm kdnkgeagm pdsftfdn enm t`gnesseuatfnc td mgstrdy, mgiget, dr kepturg t`g gnghy.

(3) Kdnsdafmetg enm rgdrcenfzg. Ifneaay, paetddns enm squems hustqufkoay kdnsdafmetg t`g pdsftfdn td mgignm ft ecefnst en gnghy kduntgr-etteko. Wnfts t`gn rgdrcenfzg t`ghsgavgs enm prgperg td kdntfnug t`ghfssfdn.

g, Kdntrda Hgesurgs. Agemgrs usg crep`fk kdntrda hgesurgs td

rgcuaetg dr mfrgkt t`g paetddns hdvghgnt, pdsftfdns, enm ifrg.(5) Kdntrda hgesurgs erg ndt fntgnmgm td rgstrfkt t`g gxgrkfsg difnftfetfvg (t`g iunktfdn di kdhhenm). Agemgrs usg kdntrda hgesurgs tdkaerfiy t`gfr fntgnt, idkus t`g paetddn dr squem giidrt, enm gnsurg synk`rd-nfzetfdn. Gek` kdntrda hgesurg s`duam èvg e spgkfifk purpdsg tètkdntrfbutgs td hfssfdn ekkdhpafs`hgnt. Fi e kdntrda hgesurg iefas t`gpurpdsg tgst, agemgrs s`duam ndt usg ft.

(2) Kdntrda hgesurgs ken bg mrewn dn e hep, dvgraey, sogtk`, dr

e tgrrefn hdmga. Agemgrs s`duam strfvg td oggp kdntrda hgesurgs gesfayfmgntfifebag enm sfhpag. Crep`fk kdntrda hgesurgs fn t`g diignsg fn-kaumg essghbay erge, etteko pdsftfdn, afng di mgperturg, bdunmerfgs,rdutg, rgagesg pdfnt, stert pdfnt, exfs di emvenkg, mfrgktfdn di etteko,pèsg afng, k`gkopdfnt, esseuat pdsftfdn, dbjgktfvg, kdntekt pdfnt, afno-up pdfnt, fnifatretfdn aeng, prdbebag afng di mgpadyhgnt, enm afhft di

5-6


20/409

IH 3-0

emvenkg. IH 5


21/409

IH 3-0

wgeongss fn t`g gnghys etteko paen? enm henguvgr td gxpadft tèt wgeo-ngss wft` qufko vfdagnt kduntgretteko.

(5)\aen enm prgperg. Agemgrs usg t`g trddp-agemfnc prdkgmurg td

heog surg tèt eaa ngkgssery stgps erg teogn td prgperg idr en dpgretfdn.]`gy eneayzg t`g iektdrs di HG]]-] td mgtgrhfng t`g bgst kdursg diektfdn. Fn t`g mgignsg, t`gy mgtgrhfng w`grg bgst td ofaa t`g gnghy wftìfrgs. ]`gy pdsftfdn ogy wgepdns td kdnkgntretg ifrgs fntd tèt erge, tfg fnifrgs wft` dbstekags, pdsftfdn t`g rghefnfnc paetddn enm squem wgepdnstd suppdrt enm prdtgkt t`g ogy wgepdns, enm rgkdnndftgr enm rg`gersgkduntgrettekos.

(2)Ifnm t`g gnghy. \aetddn agemgrs ifnm t`g gnghy by ondwfnc `dw

`g ifc`ts, by eneayzfnc t`g tgrrefn fn afc`t di t`fs ondwagmcg, by pdsftfdnfncD\s eadnc afogay evgnugs di epprdek`, enm by ektfvgay petrdaafnc td adketg`fh.

(;)Evdfm mgtgktfdn. \aetddns evdfm mgtgktfdn by sgkurfnc t`gfr mgign-sfvg pdsftfdns dr sgktdrs geray enm kdntfnudusay, by pdsftfdnfnc squems enmwgepdns ewey irdh neturea afngs di mrfit dr dbvfdus tgrrefn igeturgs, enmby ghpadyfnc giigktfvg kehduiaecg enm ndfsg enm afc`t mfskfpafng.

(=)Ifx t`g gnghy. \aetddns usg e kdhbfnetfdn di tektfkea dbstekags

enm mfrgkt enm fnmfrgkt ifrgs td mfsrupt t`g gnghy etteko enm ifx t`g gnghyfn e paekg w`grg t`g paetddn ken mgstrdy `fh wft` ifrgs.(7)Ifnm dr krgetg e wgeongss. \aetddns krgetg e wgeongss by mkstrdy-

fnc t`g gnghys kdhhenm enm kdntrda ndmgs, by fsdaetfnc en ettekofnc dresseuatfnc gnghy idrhetfdn irdh fts suppdrt, by keusfnc hduntgm idrkgstd mfshdunt enm t`grgby sadwfnc t`g etteko enm heofnc t`g gnghy vg`f-kags hdrg vuangrebag, by usg di nfc`t vfsfdn mgvfkgs td cefn e vfsfbfaftyemventecg, dr by t`g giigktfvg usg di faauhfnetfdn td bafnm dr gxpdsg t`ggnghy murfnc `fs etteko.

(9)Henguvgr td gxpadft t`g wgeongss. @evfnc krgetgm e wgeongss,paetddns hust gxpadft ft wft` kduntgrettekos ecefnst t`g iaeno dr rger dit`g gnghy etteko by ifrg dt henguvgr. \aetddns hust kergiuaay kddrmfnetgenm rg`gersg eaa kduntgrettekos td gnsurg t`g prdpgr suhk`rdnfzetfdn fnafitfnc enm s`fitfnc di mfrgkt enm fnmfrgkt ifrgs. ]`gy hust easd kdnsfmgrt`g t`rget di idaadw-dn gnghy idrkgs ecefnst t`gfr kduntgretteko.

(3)Rgdrcenfzg. \aetddns enm squems hust bg ebag td rgdrcenfzg

qufkoay td kdntfnug t`g mgignsg ecefnst idaadw-dn idrkgs.b. Mgignsg dn e Rgvgrsg [adpg. En fnientry kdhpeny dr paetddn ken

drcenfzg e mgignsg dn t`g rgvgrsg sadpg di e `faa (Ifcurg 5-5, pecg 5-52).]`fs mgignsg fs dn t`g pert di t`g `faa dr rfmcg tèt fs hesogm by t`g krgstirdh gnghy mfrgkt ifrg enm crdunm dbsgrvetfdn. ]`g paetddn hust kdntrdat`g krgst by ifrg.

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IH 3-0

(5) ]`g emventecgs di mgignmfnc irdh e rgvgrsg sadpg erg Gnghy crdunm dbsgrvetfdn di t`g pdsftfdn fs hesogm. ]`grg fs hdrg irggmdh di hdvghgnt fn t`g pdsftfdn

mug td t`g gnghys aeko di crdunm dbsgrvetfdn. Gnghy mfrgkt-ifrg wgepdns kenndt `ft t`g pdsftfdn. Gnghy fnmfrgkt ifrg fs agss giigktfvg mug td t`g aeko di gnghy crdunm

dbsgrvetfdn. ]`g mgignmgr cefns surprfsg. Fi t`g gnghy ettekos dvgr t`g krgst, `g wfaa fsdaetg `fhsgai irdh `fs

suppdrtfnc gaghgnt(s).

Ifcurg 5-5. Mgignmfnc irdh t`g rgvgrsg sadpg.

(2) ]`g mfsemventecgs di mgignmfnc irdh e rgvgrsg sadpg hey fnkaumg

t`g idaadwfnc: Ft fs hdrg mfiifkuat td dbsgrvg t`g gnghy. [damfgrs ken sgg nd iert`gr

idrwerm t`en t`g krgst, heofnc ft mfiifkuat td mgtgrhfng just w`grgt`g gnghy fs es `g emvenkgs. ]`fs fs gspgkfeaay trug murfnc afhftgmvfsfbfafty kdnmftfdns. D\s hust bg paekgm wgaa idrwerm di t`g krgstidr geray wernfnc enm adnc-rencg dbsgrvetfdn.

Hdvfnc dut di t`g pdsftfdn unmgr prgssurg hey bg hdrg mfiifkuat.

5-52


23/409

IH 3-0

Ifgams di ifrg erg ndrheaay s`drt. Crezfnc ifrg heybg agss t`en 9


24/409

IH 3-0

(6) S`gn t`g gnghy esseuats ekrdss t`g krgst enm fs mgigetgm, `g wfaatry td turn, bypess, dr gnvgadp t`g mgignsg. ]d kduntgr t`fs, t`g dvgrwetk`gaghgnt drfgnts fts ifrgs td t`g iaenos di t`g idrwerm sadpg. Easd, t`gmgignsg hust èvg epprdprfetg suppaghgntery pdsftfdns enm dbstekags, es

wgaa es sgkurfty gaghgnts, td wern fi t`g gnghy trfgs td gnvgadp dr bypesst`g pdsftfdn. Ecefnst erhdrgm, hdtdrfzgm, dr rdem-bdunm etteko, kdrn-henmgrs enm agemgrs s`duam pdsftfdn entferhdr wgepdns enm hek`fngcuns sd t`gfr prfhery sgktdrs erg td t`g iaenos di t`g rgvgrsg sadpg.

k. \grfhgtgr Mgignsg. ]`g hejdr emventecg di t`g pgrfhgtgr mgignsg(Ifcurg 5-2) fs t`g prgpergmngss di t`g paetddn td mgignm ecefnst en ettekoirdh eny mfrgktfdn. ]`g hefn mfsemventecg fs tèt kdhbet pdwgr fs ndtkdnkgntretgm et ifrst ecefnst en gnghy evgnug di epprdek`. E pgrfhgtgrmgignsg mfiigrs irdh dt`gr mgignsgs fn tèt

]`g trekg di t`g paetddn fs kfrkuaer dr trfencuaer ret`gr tèn afnger. Wndkkupfgm erges bgtwggn squems erg sheaagr. ]`g iaenos di t`g squems erg bgnt beko td kdnidrh td t`g paen. ]`g buao di kdhbet pdwgr fs dn t`g pgrfhgtgr.]`g rgsgrvg fs kgntreaay adketgm.

Ifcurg 5-2. \grfhgtgr mgignsg.

5-5=


25/409

IH 3-0

m. Mgignsg fn [gktdr. Mgignsg fn sgktdr hexfhfzgs t`g kdhbet ebfaf-tfgs di t `g fnientry. Ft eaadws t`g paetddn td ifc`t t`rduc`dut t`g mgpt` dit`g sgktdr usfnc mfspgrsgm sheaa-unft tektfgs.

(5) ]`g paetddn fs usueaay essfcngm e sgktdr wft`fn t`g kdhpenysgktdr (Ifcurg 5-;). ]`g paetddn agemgr hey fn turn essfcn sgktdrs tdfnmfvfmuea squems td pgrhft hexfhuh irggmdh di ektfdn idr t`g squem tdmgignm. ]`g paetddn agemgr hust rghghbgr tèt t`g squem ès nd wey tdkeaa idr ifrg suppdrt dt`gr tèn t`rduc` t`g paetddn ngt. IDs hey bgettek`gm, dr es e hfnfhuh agemgrs hust bg prgpergm td essfst fn keaas idrsuppdrtfnc ifrgs.

Ifcurg 5-; Essfcngm sgktdrs.

(2) Gek` squem kdnmukts mgtefagm rgkdnnefssenkg di fts sgktdr enmfmgntfifgs eaa afogay gnghy evgnugs di epprdek`, k`dog pdfnts, ofaa zdngs,dbstekags, petrda besgs, enm kek`g sftgs. ]`gy easd fmgntfiy eaa tgntetfvgpdsftfdns.

(;) ]`g paetddn agemgr kdnifrhs t`g sgagktgm tgntetfvg sftgs enmfnkdrpdretgs t`gh fntd `fs kdnkgpt (Ifcurg 5-=, pecg 5-59). @g mgsfcnetgsfnftfea pdsftfdns enm t`g sgqugnkg fn w`fk` sukkgssfvg pdsftfdns erk td bgdkkupfgm. @g cfvgs gek` squem spgkfifk cufmenkg kdnkgrnfnc kdntfncgnkypaens, reaay pdfnts, enm dt`gr kddrmfnetfnc fnstruktfdns.

(=) [quems t`gn prgperg t`g mgignsg fn t`g sgqugnkg mgsfcnetgm byt`g paetddn agemgr. ]`gy fnftfeaay prgperg t`g prfhery pdsftfdn enm t`gn

5-57


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IH 3-0

e `esty suppaghgntery pdsftfdn, enm t`gn t`gy sgagkt t`g eatgrnetg pdsf-tfdn. [quems fhprdvg (`g pdsftfdns es tfhg pgrhfts.

Ifcurg 5-=. Kdnkgpt di t`g dpgretfdn idr e mgignsg

fn e sgktdr.

(7) S`gn [gkurfty werns di epprdek`fnc gnghy, t`g squem dkkupfgsfts prfhery pdsftfdns enm prgpergs td gncecg t`g gnghy. Es t`g gnghyhdvgs fntd t`g k`dog pdfnt dr ofaa zdng, t`g squem fnftfetgs en ehbus`. Ftgncecgs t`g gnghy tercgts dnay es adnc es squems md ndt bgkdhg mgkfsfvgaygncecgm. [quems t`gn hdvg td t`gfr ngxt pdsftfdn enm rgpget t`g sehgprdkgss. ]`g agemgr hust paen t`g mfsgncecghgnt [uppdrtfnc pdsftfdns,t`g usg di shdog, enm rg`gerseas erg ogy td giigktfvg mfsgncecghgnts.

5-59


27/409

IH 3-0

Mgpgnmfnc dn HG]]-] iektdrs, t`g gntfrg bettag heybg iduc`t t`fs wey.[dhg verfetfdns di t`fs tgk`nfqug fnkaumg t`g idaadwfnc:

(e) Eaadwfnc t`g gnghy td gxèust `fhsgai rgektfnc td nuhgrdus

ehbus`gs, t`gn kdnmukt e vfdagnt kduntgretteko eadnc prgvfdusay rg-`gersgm rdutgs td kdhpagtg t`g mgstruktfdn di t`g gnghy. ]`g paetddnagemgr ken md (`fs by rgtefnfnc mfrgkt kdntrda dvgr e aercg pdrtfdn di t`gpaetddn enm kdhhfttfnc ft et t`g mgkfsfvg hdhgnt. En eatgrnetfvg fs tdusg prgerrencgm sfcneas td kdnsdafmetg t`g paetddn et e reaay pdfnt? t`gntd kdnmukt t`g kduntgretteko.

(b) @evfnc t`g idrwerm ehbus` tgehs `dam t`gfr ifrg untfa t`g agemgaghgnts di t`g gnghy idrhetfdn `ft endt`gr ehbus` mggpgr fn t`g sgktdr.

]`gn ehbus` t`g t`g ngxt gnghy gaghgnt es ft pessgs t`rduc` t`g ofaazdng. ]`fs tgk`nfqug mgstrdys t`g kd`gsfdn di t`g gnghy enm fs gspgkfeaaygiigktfvg fi t`g ehbus` gafhfnetgs t`g kdhhenm crdup di t`g gnghy unft.

(k) \aennfnc fnmfrgkt ifrgs td keusg hdrg gnghy kesueatfgs et ehbus`sftgs eadnc e wgaa-mgifngm rdutg.

(9) Kesueaty gvekuetfdn enm rgsuppay di ehhunftfdn enm wetgr ergpertfkuaeray mfiifkuat w`gn mgignmfnc t`fs wey.

g. Hutueaay [uppdrtfnc Bettag \dsftfdns. \aetddns enm squems usgt`fs tgk`nfqug td kdnkgntretg ifrgpdwgr fntd e cfvgn gncecghgnt erge.]`fs tgk`nfqug prgvgnts t`g ettekogr irdh idkusfnc dn t`g gntfrg mgignsfvgsk`ghg.

(5) Agemgrs hust gnsurg tèt t`g pdsftfdn fs drcenfzgm fn mgpt`, tèteaa afogay evgnugs di epprdek` erk kdvgrgm by ifrg, enm tèt eaa pdsftfdnsèvg fntgradkofnc ifrgs. Gek` pdsftfdn hust bg suppdrtgm by endt`grpdsftfdn tèt ken mgafvgr ifrgs fntd t`g iaeno dr rger di t`g gnghy ettekofnc

ft. Agemgrs hust fnkaumg dbstekags fn t`g ifrg paen td sadw enm stdp t`ggnghy fn t`g gncecghgnt erge-td fnkaumg gxtgnsfvg usg di hfngs. [quemspetrda idrwerm di t`g B\ td prdvfmg sgkurfty. ]`gy èress t`g gnghy tdmfsdrcenfzg enm kdniusg `fh es td t`g adketfdn di t`g hefn mgignsgs.

ND]G: Ifc`tfnc pdsftfdns erg ndt adketgm dn afogay evgnugs di epprdek`.

(2) ]`g pdsftfdnfnc di squems, drcenfzetfdn di t`g gncecghgnt erge,enm ifrg kdntrda hgesurgs erk krftfkea td t`g sukkkss di t`fs tgk`nfqug.

Agemgrs pdsftfdn t`gfr squems fn rgaetfdn td t`g evgnug di epprdek`.\aetddn agemgrs usg gssgntfea kdntrda hgesurgs td hess ifrgs ecefnst t`ggnghy wft`fn t`gfr sgktdrs.

(;) verfetfdns di t`fs tgk`nfqug fnkaumg Dpgnfnc ifrg et t`g sdhg tfhg enm wft`mrewfnc dn kdhhenm. Dpgnfnc ifrg dng gaghgnt et e tfhg. Es t`g gnghy drfgnts

dn gek` gaghgnt ifrfnc et t`gh enm bgcfns td henguvgr

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28/409

IH 3-0

ecefnst ft, dt`gr gaghgnts dpgn ifrg enm t`g drfcfneakaghgnt wft`mrews dnkg ft fs nd adncgr rgkgfvfncgnghy ifrg. Ft gft`gr hdvgs td e ngw pdsftfdn dr

td e reaay pdfnt. Henguvgrfnc td prgvgnt t`g gnghy irdh wft`mrewfnc

dr rgfnidrkfnc. Mgsfcnetfnc hdrg t`en dng gncecghgnt erge. Agemgrs

usg suppaghgntery enm dn-drmgr pdsftfdns enm sgkdnmerysgktdrs di ifrg td hess ifrg fntd gncecghgnt erges es rgqufrgm.

i. Kdntrda Hgesurgs. Agemgrs usg kdntrda hgesurgs td essfcn rgspdn-sfbfaftfgs, kddrmfnetg ifrgs enm henguvgr, kdntrda kdhbet dpgretfdns, enm

kaerfiy t`gfr kdnkgpt di t`g dpgretfdn. Emmftfdneaay, kdntrda hgesurgsgnsurg t`g mfstrfbutfdn di ifrgs t`rduc`dut t`g paetddns erge di rgspdn-sfbfafty enm t`g fnftfea pdsftfdnfnc enm subsgqugnt henguvgr di squems.

(5) Crep`fk kdntrda hgesurgs usgm fn t`g mgignsg fnkaumg sgktdrs,bettag pdsftfdns, bdunmerfgs, kdntekt pdfnts, kddrmfnetfdn pdfnts, idrwermgmcg di t`g bettag erge (IGBE), strdncpdfnts, tercgt rgigrgnkg pdfnts(]R\), essghbay erges, p`esg afngs, pessecg pdfnts enm aengs, rgagesgpdfnts, enm gncecghgnt erges. IH 5


29/409

IH 3-0

wfrg. Emmftfdneaay, agemgrs ken drcenfzg t`gfr dbstekags sd tèt dng dbste-kag ken sgrvg bdt` tektfkea enm prdtgktfvg iunktfdns.

(e) ]ektfkea. \aetddns sftg tektfkea wfrg pereaaga td enm eadnc t`girfgnmay sfmg di t`g I\As di t`gfr hejdr wgepdns. ]ektfkea wfrg `dams t`g

gnghy w`grg `g ken bg ofaagm dr wdunmgm by eutdhetfk rfiag ifrg, Kaey-hdrgs, ènm crgnemgs, enm hek`fng cun tfrg.

(b) \rdtgktfvg. [quems adketg prdtgktfvg wfrg td prgvgnt surprfsgesseuats irdh pdfnts kadsg td t`g mgignsg erge. Ft ndrheaay afgs just dutsfmgdi ènm-crgnemg rencg enm wgaa wft`fn bdt` mey enm nfc`t dbsgrvetfdn.

(k) [uppaghgntery. \aetddns enm squems usg suppaghgntery wfrg tdmfscufsg t`g gxekt afng di tektfkea wfrg enm td cfvg kdntfnufty td t`gkdhpeny dbstekag paen.

5-6. [GKWRF]V[gkurfty fnkaumgs eny hgesurg teogn by paetddns enm squems ecefnstektfdns tèt hey rgmukg t`gfr giigktfvgngss. Ft fnvdavgs evdfmfnc mgtgktfdnby t`g gnghy dr mgkgfvfnc t`g gnghy ebdut irfgnmay pdsftfdns enm fntgn-tfdns. Ft easd fnkaumgs ifnmfnc t`g gnghy enm ondwfnc es huk` ebdut `fspdsftfdns enm fntgntfdns es pdssfbag. [gkurfty eaadws unfts td rgtefn irgg-mdh di ektfdn enm fs en fhpdrtent pert di hefntefnfnc t`g fnftfetfvg. ]`g

rgqufrghgnt idr sgkurfty fs en fn`grgnt pert di eaa paetddn dpgretfdns.\aetddns enm squems sgkurg t`ghsgavgs w`gn t`gy hdvg, etteko, enmmgignm. Es pert di e aercgr idrhetfdn, t`gy hey unmgrteog sgkurftydpgretfdns tèt fnvdavg petrdaafnc? gstebafs`fnc squem-sfzgm D\s dn eskrggn afng? dr gxgkutfnc emvenkg, iaeno, dr rger cuerm hfssfdns idr t`ghefn bdmy fn e hdvghgnt td kdntekt.

e. [gkurfty Murfnc Hdvghgnt. \aetddns enm squems gnènkg sgkurftymurfnc hdvghgnt by

Wsfnc t`g prdpgr hdvghgnt idrhetfdn enm tgk`nfqug. Hdvfnc es iest es t`g sftuetfdn wfaa eaadw. ]`fs heymgcremg t`g gnghys ebfafty td mgtgkt t`g paetddn dr squemenm t`g giigktfvgngss di `fs ifrgs dnkg mgtgktgm.

Hdvfnc eadnc tgrrefn tèt diigrs kdvgr enm kdnkgeahgnt. Gnidrkfnc ndfsg enm afc`t mfskfpafng. Wsfnc prdpgr kehduiaecg tgk`nfqugs.

b. [gkurfty fn t`g Diignsg. [gkurfty fn t`g diignsg fnkaumgs rgkdn-

nefssenkg enm sgkurfty hfssfdns td adketg t`g gnghy enm prdtgkt irfgnmayidrkgs irdh surprfsg w`fag agevfnc t`gh irgg td mgpady w`gn kdntekt fshemg wft` t`g gnghy. Eaa paetddns enm squems erg rgspdnsfbag idr t`gfrdwn adkea sgkurfty. ]`gy hey easd bg cfvgn spgkfifk rgkdnnefssenkg enmsgkurfty tesos es pert di t`g kdhpeny dr betteafdn paen. \aetddns enmsquems kdnmukt petrdas, gstebafs` D\s, enm hdvg usfnc epprdprfetg

5 -56


30/409

IH 3-0

hdvghgnt idrhetfdns enm tgk`nfqugs td ekkdhpafs` bdt` rgkdnnefssenkgenm sgkurfty tesos.

k. [gkurfty fn t`g Mgignsg. Fn t`g mgignsg, paetddns enm squems usgbdt` ektfvg enm pessfvg hgesurgs td gn`enkg sgkurfty. \aetddns easd emm

td t`gfr sgkurfty by ektfdns teogn td mgny gnghy rgkdnnefssenkg gaghgntsekkuretg fnidrhetfdn dn irfgnmay pdsftfdns. ]`fs fnkaumgs t`g mgstruktfdndi gnghy rgkdnnefssenkg gaghgnts enm t`g usg di mgkgptfdn hgesurgs.

(5) Ektfvg hgesurgs fnkaumg ]`g usg di D\s enm petrdas. ]`g gstebafs`hgnt di spgkfifk agvgas di eagrt wft`fn

t`g paetddn. ]`g agvga ken bg emjustgm besgm dn t`gHG]]-] sftuetfdn.

Gstebafs`hgnt di stenm-td tfhgs. ]`g paetddns [D\s`duam mgtefa t`g paetddns ektfvftfgs idr stenm-td.

(2) \essfvg hgesurgs fnkaumg kehduiaecg? hdvghgnt kdntrda? ndfsgenm afc`t mfskfpafng? prdpgr remfdtgagp`dng prdkgmurgs? enm crdunm sgn-sdrs, nfc`t vfsfdn mgvfkgs, enm entferhdr wgepdns mey enm nfc`tsfc`ts.

5-2


31/409

K@E\]GR 2

D\GRE]FDN[]`fs kèptgr prdvfmgs tgk`nfqugs enm prdkgmurgs usgm by

fnientry paetddns enm squems. ]`gsg tgk`nfqugs erg usgm

t`rduc`dut t`g paennfnc enm gxgkutfdn pèsgs di paetddn

enm squem tektfkea dpgretfdns.

[gktfdn F. KDHHENM ENM KDN]RDA

]`fs sgktfdn mfskussgs hfssfdn tektfks, trddp-agemfnc prdkgmurg,kdhbet drmgrs, enm tgk`nfqugs idr prgperfnc e paetddn td ifc`t.]`gsg tdpfks pgrtefn td eaa kdhbet dpgretfdns. ]`gfr eppafketfdnrgqufrgs tfhg. Sft` hdrg tfhg, agemgrs ken paen enm prgperg fnmgpt`. Sft` agss tfhg, t`gy hust rgay dn prgvfdusay rg`gersgm

ektfdns, bettag mrfaas, enm stenmfnc dpgretfnc prdkgmurgs.

2-5. HF[[FDN ]EK]FK[Hfssfdn tektfks fs t`g tgrh usgm td mgskrfbg t`g gxgrkfsg di kdhhenmeut`drfty by e agemgr. Hfssfdn tektfks paekgs t`g rgaetfdns`fp di kdhhenm,kdntrda, enm kdhhunfketfdns fn prdpgr pgrspgktfvg by ghpèsfzfnc t`gprgmdhfnenkg di kdhhenm. ]`fs ghpèsfs dn kdhhenm, ret`gr tènkdntrda, prdvfmgs idr fnftfetfvg, t`g ekkgptenkg di rfso, enm t`g repfm

sgfzurg di dppdrtunftfgs dn t`g bettagifgam. Hfssfdn tektfks ken bg vfgwgmes irggmdh di ektfdn idr t`g agemgr td gxgkutg `fs hfssfdn fn t`g wey `gsggs ift, ret`gr tèn bgfnc tdam `dw td md ft. Hfssfdn tektfks rgfnidrkgm byt`g ondwagmcg di t`g `fc`gr kdhhenmgrs fntgnt enm idkusgm dn e hefngiidrt gstebafs`gs t`g ngkgssery besfs idr sheaa-unft agemgrs`fp.

e. ]`g p`fadsdp`y di hfssfdn tektfks gxtgnms t`rduc`dut eaa agvgas dikdhhenm. Agemgrs hust bg prdvfmgm t`g hexfhuh irggmdh td kdhhenmenm èvg fhpdsgm dn t`gh dnay t`g kdntrda ngkgssery td synk`rdnfzg

hfssfdn ekkdhpafs`hgnt. [dhgtfhgs agemgrs hust fssug spgkfifk fnstruk-tfdns. Ndrheaay, t`fs fs ngkgssery w`gn t`g unfts ektfdns hust bg synk`rd-nfzgm wft` dt`gr ektfdns. Hfssfdn tektfks, es e kdhhenm p`fadsdp`y,rgkdcnfzgs t`g heny tddas evefaebag td t`g agemgr, but ghpèsfzgs tètt`grg fs nd substftutg idr t`g pgrsdnea gaghgnt di kdhhenm.

b. Gxgkutfdn di hfssfdn tektfks rgqufrgs fnftfetfvg, rgsdurkgiuangss,enm fhecfnetfdn. Fnftfetfvg hust bg mrfvgn by t`g kdhhenmgrs fntgnt, ndt

2-5


32/409

IH 3-0

hgrgay by e mgsfrg idr fnmgpgnmgnt ektfdn. Agemgrs hust bg rgsdurkgiuagnduc` td emept td sftuetfdns es t`gy erg, ndt es t`gy wgrg gxpgktgm td bg.

k. \aetddn enm squem agemgrs easd hust giigktfvgay kdntrda t`gfr

subdrmfnetgs. Kdntrda rgstrfkts kdhhenm. Cgngreaay, fnkrgesgm kdntrdaagems td agss eppafketfdn di kdhhenm. Ndt eaa kdntrda fs bem dr kduntgr-prdmuktfvg. Idr gxehpag, kdhhdn mdktrfng fs e idrh di kdntrda fn tèt eaaagemgrs gxpgkt t`gfr subdrmfnetgs td unmgrstenm enm eppay t`g tgngts dimdktrfng. Endt`gr kdhhdn sdurkg di kdntrda fs t`g usg di crep`fks idrdpgretfdn dvgraeys. S`fag dptfdnea enm sftuetfdneaay -mgpgnmgnt, t`gsgerk rgstrfktfvg enm hust bg rgvfgwgm by t`g agemgr bgidrg fhpaghgntetfdn.Gek` kdntrda hgesurg hust èvg e spgkfifk purpdsg tèt kdntrfbutgs td

hfssfdn ekkdhpafs`hgnt. Fi ft mdts ndt pess t`fs purpdsg tgst, ft unngkgs-serfay rgstrfkts irggmdh di ektfdn enm s`duam ndt bg usgm.m. Kdntrda fs ngkgssery td synk`rdnfzg t`g ektfdns di gaghgnts per-

tfkfpetfnc fn en dpgretfdn. ]`g hdrg kdhpagx t`g dpgretfdn, t`g crgetgrt`g ehdunt di kdntrda nggmgm. ]`g kèaagncg td agemgrs fs td prdvfmg t`ghfnfhea ehdunt di kdntrda rgqufrgm enm stfaa eaadw idr mgkgntreafzgmmgkfsfdn heofnc fn gek` sftuetfdn.

(5) Hfssfdn tektfks rgqufrgs tèt agemgrs agern `dw td t`fno ret`gr

tèn wèt td t`fno. Ft rgkdcnfzgs tèt t`g subdrmfnetg fs ditgn t`g dnaypgrsdn et t`g pdfnt di mgkfsfdn w`d ken heog en fnidrhgm mgkfsfdn.Cufmgm by t`g kdhhenmgr's fntgnt, t`g hfssfdn, enm t`g kdnkgpt di t`gdpgretfdn, t`g agemgr ken heog t`g rfc`t mgkfsfdn.

(2) Et paetddn enm squem agvga usgiua idrhs di kdntrda fnkaumgkdhhdn mdktrfng, hfssfdn, kdnkgpt di t`g dpgretfdn, tfhg, enm kdntrdahgesurgs.

(e) Mdktrfng, gspgkfeaay t`g idrh di bettag mrfaas enm unft [D\s tèt

prgskrfbg e wey di pgridrhfnc e teso, prdvfmgs en gaghgnt di kdntrda. Byafhftfnc t`g weys fn w`fk` e teso fs pgridrhgm td stenmerm, bettag mrfaas enmunft [D\s prdvfmg e kdhhdn besfs idr ektfdn: eaadw idr qufko, prektfkgmrgspdnsg? mgkrgesg t`g prdbedfatfy idr kdniusfdn enm adss di kd`gsfdn? enmrgmukr t`g nuhbgr di mgkfsfdns td t`g gssgntfea hfnfhuh.

(b) ]`g hfssfdn stetghgnt di t`g paetddn fs easd e idrh di kdntrda.Fts purpdsg prdvfmgs t`g besfs idr mgkfsfdn enm eaadws irggmdh di ektfdn.Fts teso prdvfmgs e besfs idr gstebafs`fnc t`g hefn giidrt enm idkusgs eaa

dt`gr ektfdns tdwerm hfssfdn ekkdhpafs`hgnt.(k) ]`g kdnkgpt di t`g dpgretfdn fmgntfifgs t`g hefn enm suppdrtfncgiidrts idr t`g `fc`gr unft enm mgskrfbgs `dw e kdhhenmgr sggs t`ggxgkutfdn di t`g dpgretfdn. ]`fs eaadws t`g hexfhuh pdssfbag irggmdhdi ektfdn idr t`g subdrmfnetg agemgr tesogm wft` gxgkutfnc t`g hefn giidrt.Agemgrs gxgkutfnc t`g suppdrtfnc giidrt wfaa èvg agss irggmdh di ektfdnbgkeusg t`gy hust ogy t`gfr ektfdns dn t`g hefn giidrt. ]`g kdnkgpt di

2-2


33/409

IH 3-0

t`g dpgretfdn easd mgtefas t`g kdntrda di ifrgs enm dt`gr kdhbet huatfpafgrsw`fk` hust bg synk`rdnfzgm enm idkusgm dn t`g hefn giidrt.

(m) Agemgrs usg tfhg td kdntrda unfts dr fnmfvfmueas by gstebafs`fnc

spgkfifkeaay w`gn e teso s`duam bgcfn dr bg kdhpagtg. Kdntrda usfnc tfhgfs gspgkfeaay krftfkea w`gn t`g paetddns ektfdns hust bg synk`rdnfzgm wft`dt`gr unfts dr suppdrtfnc gaghgnts.

(k) Endt`gr sdurkg di kdntrda fs t`g usg di kdntrda hgesurgs. ]`gsgfnkaumg fnstruktfdns td subdrmfnetg unfts, ifrg kdhhenms, enm t`g usg diddpgretfdnea crep`fks fn dvgraeys. S`fag ndrheaay dptfdnea enm sftuetfdn-eaay-mgpgnmgnt, kdntrda hgesurgs erg pdtgntfeaay rgstrfktfvg enm hust bgrgvfgwgm by agemgrs bgidrg fnkdrpdretfnc t`gh fntd t`gfr paens. ]d gnsurg

t`g prdpgr ehdunt di kdntrda, gek` kdntrda hgesurg hust èvg e spgkfifkpurpdsg tèt kdntrfbutgs td hfssfdn ekkdhpafs`hgnt. Fi ft mdts ndt pess(`fs tgst, ft unngkgsserfay rgstrfkts irggmdh di ektfdn enm s`duam ndt bgusgm.

g. \aetddn enm squem agemgrs usk hfssfdn tektfks td ekkdhpafs` t`ghfssfdn. ]`gy cfvg drmgrs enm fnstruktfdns tèt kdhhunfketg t`g `fc`grkdhhenmgr's fntgnt? t`g hfssfdn (teso enm purpdsg) di t`g unft? enm t`gkdnkgpt di t`g dpgretfdn, td fnkaumg kdntrda hgesurgs. ]`gy easd usg

hfssfdn tektfks td gnsurg tèt subdrmfnetgs unmgrstenm tèt t`gy erggxpgktgm td usg fnftfetfvg fn heofnc mgkfsfdns w`gn t`g sftuetfdn fs ndadncgr wèt ft wes gxpgktgm td bg.

2-2 ]RDD\-AGEMFNC \RDKGMWRG]rddp agemfnc fs t`g prdkgss e agemgr cdgs t`rduc` td prgperg `fs unfttd ekkdhpafs` e tektfkea hfssfdn. Ft bgcfns w`gn `g fs eagrtgm idr ehfssfdn. Ft sterts ecefn w`gn `g rgkgfvgs e kèncg dr e ngw hfssfdn.]`g trddp-agemfnc prdkgmurg kdhprfsgs t`g stgps afstgm bgadw. [tgps

; t`rduc` 0 hey ndt idaadw e rfcfm sgqugnkg. Heny di t`gh hey bgekkdhpafs`gm kdnkurrgntay . Fn kdhbet, rergay wfaa agemgrs èvg gnduc`tfhg td cd t`rduc` gek` stgp fn mgtefa. Agemgrs hust usg t`g prdkgmurges dutafngm, fi dnay fn ebbrgvfetgm idrh, td gnsurg tèt ndt`fnc fs agitdut di paennfnc enm prgperetfdn, enm tèt t`gfr sdamfgrs unmgrstenm t`gpaetddns enm squems hfssfdn enm prgperg emgquetgay. ]`gy kdntfnu-dusay upmetg t`gfr gstfhetgs t`rduc`dut t`g prgperetfdn pèsg enmemjust t`gfr paens es epprdprfetg.

[]G\ 5. Rgkgfvg t`g hfssfdn. []G\ 7. Rgkdnndftgr.

[]G\ 2. Fssug e wernfnc drmgr. []G\ 9. Kdhpagtg t`g paen.

[]G\ ;. Heog e tgntetfvg paen. []G\ 3. Fssug t`g kdhpagtg drmgr.

[]G\ =. [tert ngkgssery []G\ 0. [upgrvfsg.hdvghgnt.

2-;


34/409

IH 3-0

e. []G\ 5. Rgkgfvg t`g Hfssfdn. ]`g agemgr hey rgkgfvg t`g hfssfdnfn e wernfnc drmgr, en dpgretfdn drmgr (D\DRM), dr e irechgntery drmgr

(IRECD). @g fhhgmfetgay bgcfns td eneayzg ft usfnc t`g iektdrs diHG]]-]

Sèt fs t`g HF[[FDN4

Sèt fs ondwn ebdut t`g GNGHV4

@dw wfaa ]GRREFN enm wget`gr eiigkt t`g dpgretfdn4

Sèt ]RDD\[ erg evefaebag4

@dw huk` ]FHG fs evefaebag4(5) ]`g agemgr s`duam usk nd hdrg tèn dng t`frm di t`g evefaebag

tfhg idr `fs dwn paennfnc enm idr fssufnc `fs dpgretfdn drmgr. ]`grghefnfnc twd t`frms fs idr subdrmfnetgs td paen enm prgperg idr t`gdpgretfdn. Agemgrs s`duam easd kdnsfmgr dt`gr iektdrs suk` es evefaebagmeyafcà enm trevga tfhg td enm irdh drmgrs enm rg`gerseas. Fn t`g diignsg,t`g agemgr ès dng t`frm di t`g tfhg irdh `fs rgkgfpt di t`g hfssfdn td t`gunfts AM tfhg. Fn t`g mgignsg, `g ès dng t`frm di t`g tfhg irdh hfssfdnrgkgfpt td t`g tfhg t`g squem dr paetddn hust bg prgpergm td mgignm.

(2) Fn sk`gmuafnc prgperetfdn ektfvftfgs, t`g agemgr s`duam wdrobekowerms irdh t`g AM dr mgignm tfhg. ]`fs fs rgvgrsg paennfnc. @g husteaadw gnduc` tfhg idr t`g kdhpagtfdn di gek` teso.

b. []G\ 2. Fssug e Sernfnc Drmgr. ]`g agemgr prdvfmgs fnftfeafnstruktfdns fn e wernfnc drmgr. ]`g wernfnc drmgr kdntefns gnduc`fnidrhetfdn td bgcfn prgperetfdn es sddn es pdssfbag. \aetddn [D\ss`duam prgskrfbg w`d wfaa ettgnm eaa wernfnc drmgrs enm t`g ektfdns t`gyhust teog updn rgkgfpt: idr gxehpag, mrewfnc ehhunftfdn, retfdns enmwetgr, enm k`gkofnc kdhhunfketfdns gqufphgnt. ]`g wernfnc drmgr èsnd spgkfifk idrhet. Dng tgk`nfqug fs td usk t`g ifvg-perecrep` D\DRMidrhet. ]`g agemgr fssugs t`g wernfnc drmgr wft` eaa t`g fnidrhetfdn `gès evefaebag et t`g tfhg. @g prdvfmgs upmetgs es ditgn es ngkgssery. ]`gagemgr ngvgr wefts idr fnidrhetfdn td ifaa e idrhet. E sehpag wernfncdrmgr fs fn Ifcurg 2-5. Fi evefaebag, t`g idaadwfnc fnidrhetfdn hey bgfnkaumgm fn e wernfnc drmgr.

]`g hfssfdn dr neturg di t`g dpgretfdn. S`d fs pertfkfpetfnc fn t`g dpgretfdn.

]fhg di t`g dpgretfdn. ]fhg enm paekg idr fssuenkg di t`g dpgretfdn drmgr.

2 =


35/409

IH 3-0

Ifcurg 2-5. Gxehpag di paetddn wernfnc drmgr.

2-7


36/409

IH 3-0

Ifcurg 2-5. Gxehpag di paetddn wernfnc drmgr (kdntfnugm).

2-9


37/409

IH 3-0

Ifcurg 2-5. Gxehpag di paetddn wernfnc drmgr (kdntfnugm).

2-3


38/409

IH 3-0

k. []G\ ;. Heog e ]gntetfvg \aen. ]`g agemgr mgvgadps en gstfhetg

di t`g sftuetfdn td usg es t`g besfs idr `fs tgntetfvg paen. ]`g gstfhetg fst`g hfaftery mgkfsfdn heofnc prdkgss. Ft kdnsfsts di ifvg stgps: mgtefagm

hfssfdn eneaysfs, sftuetfdn eneaysfs enm kdursg di ektfdn mgvgadphgnt,eneaysfs di gek` kdursg di ektfdn, kdhperfsdn di gek` kdursg di ektfdn, enmmgkfsfdn. ]`g mgkfsfdn rgprgsgnts t`g tgntetfvg paen. ]`g agemgr upmetgst`g gstfhetg kdntfnudusay enm rgifngs `fs paen ekkdrmfncay. @g usgs t`fspaen es t`g stert pdfnt idr kddrmfnetfdn, rgkdnnefssenkg, teso drcenfzetfdn(fi rgqufrgm), enm hdvghgnt fnstruktfdns. @g wdros t`rduc` t`fs prdbaghsdavfnc sgqugnkg fn es huk` mgtefa es tfhg evefaebag eaadws. Es t`g besfsdi `fs gstfhetg, t`g agemgr kdnsfmgrs t`g iektdrs di HG]]-]:

(5)Hfssfdn. ]`g agemgr kdnsfmgrs `fs hfssfdn es cfvgn td `fh by `fskdhhenmgr. @g eneayzgs ft fn afc`t di t`g kdhhenmgr's fntgnt twdkdhhenm agvgas `fc`gr, enm mgrfvgs t`g gssgntfea tesos `fs unft hustpgridrh fn drmgr td ekkdhpafs` t`g hfssfdn.

(2)Gnghy. ]`g agemgr kdnsfmgrs t`g typg, sfzg, drcenfzetfdn, tektfks,enm gqufphgnt di t`g gnghy `g gxpgkts td gnkduntgr. @g fmgntfifgs t`gfrcrgetgst t`rget td `fs hfssfdn ifnm t`gfr crgetgst vuangrebfafty.

(;) ]grrefn. ]`g agemgr kdnsfmgrs t`g giigkt di tgrrefn enm wget`gr dn

gnghy enm irfgnmay idrkgs usfnc t`g cufmgafngs bgadw (DKDOE):(e) Dbsgrvetfdn enm ifgams di ifrg. ]`g agemgr kdnsfmgrs crdunm tèteaadws `fh dbsgrvetfdn di t`g gnghy t`rduc`dut `fs erge di dpgretfdn.@g kdnsfmgrs ifgams di ifrg fn tgrhs di t`g kèrektgrfstfks di t`g wgepdnsevefaebag td `fh? idr gxehpag, hexfhuh giigktfvg rencg, t`g rgqufrghgntidr crezfnc ifrg, enm t`g erhfnc rencg enm tfhg di iafc`t idr entferhdrwgepdns.

(b) Kdvgr enm kdnkgeahgnt. ]`g Fgemgr addos idr tgrrefn tèt wfaa

prdtgkt `fh irdh mfrgkt enm fnmfrgkt ifrgs (kdvgr) enm irdh egrfea enmcrdunm dbsgrvetfdn (kdnkgeahgnt)(k) Dbstekags. Fn t`g etteko, t`g agemgr kdnsfmgrs t`g giigkt di rgstrfk-

tfvg tgrrefn dn `fs ebfafty td henguvgr. Fn t`g mgignsg, `g kdnsfmgrs `dw`g wfaa tfg fn `fs dbstekags td t`g tgrrefn td mfsrupt, turn, ifx, dr badko engnghy idrkg enm prdtgkt `fs dwn idrkgs irdh gnghy esseuat.

(m) Ogy tgrrefn. Ogy tgrrefn fs eny adkeafty dr erge w`dsg sgfzurg drrgtgntfdn eiidrms e herogm emventecg td gft`gr kdhbetent. ]`g agemgr

kdnsfmgrs ogy tgrrefn fn `fs sgagktfdn di dbjgktfvgs, suppdrt pdsftfdns, enmrdutgs fn t`g diignsg, enm dn t`g pdsftfdnfnc di `fs unft fn t`g mgignsg.(k)Evgnugs di epprdek`. En evgnug di epprdek` fs en efr dr crdunm

rdutg di en ettekofnc idrkg di e cfvgn sfzg agemfnc td fts dbjgktfvg dr ogytgrrefn fn fts pet`. Fn t`g diignsg, t`g agemgr fmgntfifgs t`g evgnug diepprdek` tèt eiidrms `fh t`g crgetgst prdtgktfdn enm paekgs `fh et t`ggnghys hdst vuangrebag spdt. Fn t`g mgignsg, t`g agemgr pdsftfdns `fs ogy

2-0


39/409

IH 3-0

wgepdns eadnc t`g evgnug di epprdek` hdst Ffogay td bg usgm by t`g

gnghy.(i) Sget`gr. Fn kdnsfmgrfnc t`g giigkts di wget`gr, t`g agemgr fs hdst

fntgrgstgm fn vfsfbfafty enm treiifkebfafty.(=) ]rddps evefaebag. ]`g agemgr kdnsfmgrs t`g strgnct` di subdrmfnetg

unfts, t`g kèrektgrfstfks di `fs wgepdn systghs, enm t`g Kepebfafafgs diettek`gm gaghgnts es `g essfcns tesos td subdrmfnetg unfts.

(7) ]fhg evefaebag. ]`g agemgr rgifngs `fs eaadketfdn di tfhg besgm dnt`g tgntetfvg paen enm eny kèncgs td t`g sftuetfdn.

m. []G\ =. [tert Ngkgssery Hdvghgnt. ]`g paetddn hey nggm tdbgcfn hdvghgnt w`fag t`g agemgr fs stfaa paennfnc dr idrwerm rgkdnndftgr-

fnc. ]`g paetddn sgrcgent dr e squem agemgr hey brfnc t`g paetddnidrwerm, usueaay unmgr t`g kdntrda di t`g kdhpeny gxgkutfvg diifkgr dr ifrstsgrcgent. ]`fs stgp kduam dkkur et eny tfhg murfnc t`g trddp-agemfncprdkgmurg.

g. []G\ 7. Rgkdnndftgr. Fi tfhg eaadws, t`g agemgr heogs e pgrsdneargkdnnefssenkg td vgrfiy `fs tgrrefn eneaysfs, emjust `fs paen, kdnifrh t`gusebfafty di rdutgs, enm tfhg eny krftfkea hdvghgnts. S`gn tfhg mdgsndt eaadw, t`g agemgr hust heog e hep rgkdnnefssenkg. ]`g agemgr hust

kdnsfmgr t`g rfso fn`grgnt fn kdnmuktfnc rgkdnnefssenkg idrwerm diirfgnmay afngs. [dhgtfhgs t`g agemgr hust rgay dn dt`grs (idr gxehpag,skduts) td kdnmukt t`g rgkdnnefssenkg fi t`g rfso di kdntekt wft` t`g gnghyfs `fc`.

i. []G\ 9. Kdhpagtg t`g \aen. ]`g agemgr kdhpagtgs `fs paen besgmdn t`g rgkdnnefssenkg enm eny kèncgs fn t`g sftuetfdn. @g s`duam rgvfgw`fs hfssfdn, es `g rgkgfvgm ft irdh `fs kdhhenmgr, td gnsurg tèt `fs paenhggts t`g rgqufrghgnts di t`g hfssfdn enm steys wft`fn t`g irehgwdro di

t`g kdhhenmgr's fntgnt.c. []G\ 3. Fssug t`g Kdhpagtg Drmgr. \aetddn enm squem agemgrs

ndrheaay fssug drea dpgretfdns drmgrs.(5) ]d efm subdrmfnetgs fn unmgrstenmfnc t`g kdnkgpt idr t`g hfssfdn,

agemgrs s`duam fssug t`g drmgr wft`fn sfc`t di t`g dbjgktfvg dr dn t`gmgignsfvg tgrrefn. S`gn t`fs fs ndt pdssfbag, t`gy s`duam usg e tgrrefnhdmga dr sogtk`.

(2) Agemgrs hust gnsurg tèt subdrmfnetgs unmgrstenm t`g hfssfdn,

t`g kdhhenmgrs fntgnt, t`g kdnkgpt di t`g dpgretfdn, enm t`gfr essfcngmtesos. Agemgrs hey rgqufrg subdrmfnetgs td rgpget eaa di pert di t`g drmgrdr mghdnstretg dn t`g hdmga dr sogtk`, t`gfr unmgrstenmfnc di t`g dpgre-tfdn. ]`gy s`duam easd qufz t`gfr sdamfgrs td gnsurg tèt eaa sdamfgrsunmgrstenm t`g hfssfdn. Kèptgr 7 prdvfmgs e afst di qugstfdns tèt agemgrsken eso td mgtgrhfng fi t`g sdamfgrs unmgrstenm t`g hfssfdn.

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40/409

IH 3-0

`. []G\ 0. [upgrvfsg. ]`g agemgr supgrvfsgs t`g unfts prgperetfdnidr kdhbet by kdnmuktfnc rg`gerseas enm fnspgktfdns.

(5)Rg`gerseas. ]`g agemgr usgs rg`gerseas td

\rektfkg gssgntfea tesos (fhprdvg pgridrhenkg). Rgvgea wgeongssgs dr prdbaghs fn t`g paen. Kddrmfnetg t`g ektfdns di subdrmfnetg gaghgnts. Fhprdvg sdamfgr unmgrstenmfnc di t`g kdnkgpt di t`g dpgretfdn

(idstgr kdnifmgnkg fn sdamfgrs).(e) Rg`gerseas fnkaumg t`g prektfkg di èvfnc squem agemgrs brfgi t`gfr

paenngm ektfdns fn gxgkutfdn sgqugnkg td t`g paetddn agemgr.(b) ]`g agemgr s`duam kdnmukt rg`gerseas dn tgrrefn tèt rgsghbags

t`g ektuea crdunm, enm fn sfhfaer afc`t kdnmftfdns.(k) ]`g paetddn hey bgcfn rg`gerseas di bettag mrfaas enm dt`gr [D\

ftghs bgidrg t`g rgkgfpt di t`g dpgretfdn drmgr. Dnkg t`g drmgr ès bggnfssugm, ft ken rg`gerseg hfssfdn spgkfifk tesos.

(m) [dhg fhpdrtent tesos td rg`gersg fnkaumk Ektfdns dn t`g dbjgktfvg. Esseuatfnc e trgnk`, bunogr, dr bufamfnc. Ektfdns et t`g esseuat pdsftfdn. Brgek`fnc dbstekags (hfng enm wfrg). Wsfnc spgkfea wgepdns dr mghdaftfdns. Ektfdns dn ungxpgktgm gnghy kdntekt.

(2)Fnspgktfdns. [quem agemgrs s`duam kdnmukt fnftfea fnspgktfdnss`drtay eitgr rgkgfpt di t`g wernfnc drmgr. ]`g paetddn sgrcgent spdtk`gkos ]`rduc`dut t`g unft's prgperetfdn idr kdhbet. ]`g paetddn agemgrenm paetddn sgrcgent heog e ifnea fnspgktfdn. ]`gy s`duam fnspgkt

Sgepdns enm ehhunftfdn.

Wnfidrhs enm gqufphgnt. Hfssfdn-gssgntfea gqufphgnt. [damfgrs unmgrstenmfnc di t`g hfssfdn enm t`gfr

spgkfifk rgspdnsfbfaftfgs. Kdhhunfketfdns. Retfdns enm wetgr. Kehduiaecg. Mgifkfgnkfgs ndtgm murfnc gerafgr fnspgktfdns.

2-;. D\GRE]FDN DRMGR IDRHE]

En dpgretfdn drmgr (D\DRM) fs e mfrgktfvg fssugm by t`g agemgr td `fssubdrmfnetg agemgrs fn drmgr td giigkt t`g kddrmfnetgm gxgkutfdn di espgkfifk dpgretfdn.

e. ]`g agemgr brfgis `fs D\DRM dreaay irdh ndtgs tèt idaadw t`gifvg-perecrep` idrhet bgadw (Ifcurg 2-2).

2-5


41/409

IH 3-0

Ifcurg 2-2. Gxehpag dpgretfdn drmgr.

2-55


42/409

IH 3-0

Ifcurg 2-2. Gxehpag dpgretfdn drmgr (kdntfnugm).

2-52


43/409

IH 3-0


2-5;


44/409

IH 3-0

2-5=



45/409

IH 3-0


2 - 5 7


46/409

IH 3-0

Ifcurg 2-2. Gxehpag dpgretfdn drmgr (Kdntfnugm).

2-59


47/409

IH 3-0


2-53


48/409

IH 3-0


2-50


49/409

IH 3-0


2-56


50/409

IH 3-0


2 - 2


51/409

IH 3-0


2-25


52/409

IH 3-0

b. ]`g agemgr usgs e irechgntery drmgr (IRCD) td kèncg engxfstfnc drmgr. @g ndrheaay usgs t`g D\DRM idrhet, but emmrgssgs dnayt`dsg gaghgnts tèt èvg kèncgm. ]`g agemgr s`duam heog `fs fnstruk-

tfdns brfgi, sfhpag, kager, enm spgkfifk.k. Enngxgs prdvfmg t`g fnstruktfdns idr kdnmuktfnc spgkfifk dpgre-

tfdns (suk` es efr esseuat, bdet enm truko hdvghgnt, strgeh krdssfncs,gstebafs`fnc petrda besgs, enm efrbdrng fnsgrtfdns), fi t`gy erk sd mgtefagmtèt e paetddn [D\ fs fnsuiifkfgnt idr e pertfkuaer sftuetfdn. ]`g idrhetfs t`g sehg es t`g ifvg-perecrep` D\DRM.

m. En dpgretfdn dvgraey fs e trekfnc di crep`fk kdntrda hgesurgs dne hep. Ft s`dws bdunmerfgs, unft pdsftfdns, rdutgs, dbjgktfvgs, enm dt`gr

kdntrda hgesurgs. Ft `gaps (d kaerfiy t`g dpgretfdn drmgr. \aetddns ndr-heaay trekg t`gfr dvgraeys irdh t`g kdhpeny dpgretfdns hep. [quemagemgrs trensigr kdntrda hgesurgs dn td t`gfr heps es nggmgm. ]`g sub-drmfnetg's nggm idr `fc`gr unft crep`fks hust bg beaenkgm ecefnst t`g rfsodi t`g gnghy dbtefnfnc t`fs fnidrhetfdn.

k. S`gn pdssfbag, t`g agemgr usgs t`g ektuea tgrrefn dr e tgrrefn hdmgatd brfgi `fs D\DRM. @g hey easd usk kdnkgpt sogtk`gsaercg, rduc`mrewfncs di t`g dbjgktfvg erges-td s`dw t`g iadw di gvgnts enm ektfdns

kageray.(5) Kdnkgpt sogtk`. ]`g sogtk` s`dws t`g adketfdns enm pdsftfdns di

dbjgktfvgs, kdntrda hgesurgs, enm ogy tgrrefn fn rgaetfdn td gek` dt`gr. Ftfs ndt ngkgsserfay mrewn td skeag.

(2) ]grrefn hdmga. E tgrrefn hdmga fs e t`rgg-mfrnknsfdnea skeag hdmgadi t`g tgrrefn (Ifcurg 2-;). Ft fs giigktfvg idr brfgifnc enm mfskussfnc t`gektfdns dn t`g dbjgktfvg. Ft hey mgpfkt t`g gntfrg hfssfdn erge. @dwgvgr,idr diignsg hfssfdns, prfdrfty s`duam bg cfvgn td bufamfnc e hdmga di t`g

dbjgktfvg erge.(e) Ft s`duam bg bufat drfgntgm td t`g crdunm (ndrt` dn t`g hdmga fs

ndrt` dn t`g crdunm) enm s`duam s`dw t`g hefn tgrrefn igeturgs fn t`gerge.

(b) ]`g ngxt stgp eitgr drfgntfnc t`g hdmga (d t`g crdunm fs t`gkdnstruktfdn di crfm squergs. ]`g agemgr s`duam fmgntfiy t`g crfm squergstèt t`g hdmga wfaa s`dw. ]`gsg gnsurg e hdrg ekkuretg hdmga.

(k) ]`g tgrrefn hdmga s`duam mgpfkt ogy tgrrefn, irfgnmFy kdntrda

hgesurgs, enm gnghy mfspdsftfdns.(m) Hetgrfga idr kdnstruktfnc t`g hdmga fnkaumgs strfnc, yern (verfdus

kdadrs), kèao (kdadrgm), ;x7 kerms, tercgt herogrs, dr unft herogrs.

2-22


53/409

IH 3-0

Ifcurg 2-;. ]grrefn hdmga tgk`nfqugs.

2-2;


54/409

IH 3-0

[gktfdn FF. [GKWRF]V

]`fs sgktfdn mfskussgs tgk`nfqugs usgm by paetddns enm squems tdprdvfmg sgkurfty idr t`ghsgavgs enm idr aercgr idrhetfdns murfnc

hdvghgnts enm diignsfvg enm mgignsfvg dpgretfdns.

2-=. [GKWRF]V MWRFNC HDYGHGN]

[gkurfty murfnc hdvghgnt fnkaumgs t`g ektfdns tèt unfts teog td sgkurgt`ghsgavgs enm t`g tesos cfvgn td unfts td prdvfmg sgkurfty idr e aercgridrkg.

e. \aetddns enm squems gnènkg t`gfr dwn sgkurfty murfnchdvghgnt t`rduc` t`g usg di kdvgrgm enm kdnkgeagm tgrrefn? t`g

usg di t`g epprdprfetg hdvghgnt idrhetfdn enm tgk`nfqug? t`gektfdns teogn td sgkurg mencgr erges murfnc krdssfnc? t`g gnidrkg-hgnt di ndfsg, afc`t, enm remfdtgagp`dng mfskfpafng? enm t`g usk diprdpgr fnmfvfmuea kehduiaecg tgk`nfqugs.

(5) ]grrefn. Fn paennfnc e hdvghgnt, agemgrs kdnsfmgr t`g tgrrefnirdh t`g espgkt DKDOE es mfskussgm fn [gktfdn F. Agemgrs addo idrtgrrefn tèt evdfms dbstekags, prdvfmgs prdtgktfdn irdh mfrgkt enm fnmfrgktifrgs enm irdh crdunm enm egrfea dbsgrvetfdn, evdfms ogy tgrrefn tèt hey

bg dkkupfgm by t`g gnghy, eaadws irggmdh td henguvgr, enm evdfmsneturea afngs di mrfit dr dbvfdus tgrrefn igeturgs. Fi ogy tgrrefn kenndt bgevdfmgm, agemgrs paen td rgkdnndftgr ft bgidrg hdvfnc t`rduc`. S`gndpgretfnc es en emvenkg dr iaeno cuerm idr e aercgr idrkg, paetddns enmsquems hey bg tesogm td dkkupy ogy tgrrefn idr e s`drt tfhg w`fag t`g hefnbdmy bypessgs ft.

(2)Idrhetfdns enm hdvghgnt tgk`nfqugs. Idrhetfdns enm hdvghgnt

tgk`nfqugs prdvfmg sgkurfty by

\dsftfdnfnc gek` sdamfgr sd tèt `g ken dbsgrvg enm ifrgfntd e spgkfifk sgktdr tèt dvgraeps wft` dt`gr sgktdrs.

\aekfnc e sheaa gaghgnt idrwerm td eaadw t`g paetddn td heogkdntekt wft` dnay t`g agem gaghgnt enm cfvg t`g rghefnmgrdi t`g paetddn irggmdh td henguvgr.

\rdvfmfnc dvgrwetk` idr e pdrtfdn di t`g paetddn.Fn sgagktfnc idrhetfdns enm hdvghgnt tgk`nfqugs agemgrs hust kdn-

sfmgr dt`gr rgqufrghgnts suk` es spggm enm kdntrda es wgaa es sgkurfty.

[gktfdn FFF prdvfmgs e hetrfx td `gap agemgrs fn mgtgrhfnfnc t`g bgstidrhetfdn enm tgk`nfqug besgm dn HG]]-].

(;) [gkurfty et mencgr erges. \erecrep` 2-55 mgskrfbgs ektfdns teognby paetddns enm squems td sgkurg mencgr erges bgidrg krdssfnc t`gh.

(=) Kehduiaecg, ndfsg, afc`t, enm remfdtgagp`dng mfskfpafng. Agemgrshust gnsurg tèt kehduiaecg usgm by t`gfr sdamfgrs fs epprdprfetg td t`g

2-2=


55/409

IH 3-0

tgrrefn enm sgesdn. \aetddn [D\s spgkfiy gaghgnts di ndfsg, afc`t, enmremfdtgagp`dng mfskfpafng. ([gg Kèptgr 7.)

b. \aetddns enm squems hey dpgretg es t`g emvenkg, iaeno, dr rger

cuerm idr aercgr unfts. ]`gy ghpady t`g sehg tgk`nfqugs mgskrfbgm ebdvgtd hdvg es sgkurgay es pdssfbag. [gktfdn FY mgskrfbgs t`g tgk`nfqugs usgmby paetddns gxgkutfnc e cuerm hfssfdn fn e hdvghgnt td kdntekt.

k. Murfnc s`drt èats, sdamfgrs sprgem dut enm essuhg prdng pdsftfdnsbg`fnm kdvgr. ]`gy wetk` t`g sehg sgktdrs tèt wgrg essfcngm td t`gh idrt`g hdvghgnt. Agemgrs gstebafs` D\s, enm drfgnt hek`fng cuns enmentferhdr wgepdns eadnc afogay gnghy epprdek`gs. [damfgrs rghefn eagrtenm oggp hdvghgnt td e hfnfhuh. Murfnc afhftgm vfsfbfafty, agemgrs

fnkdrpdretg t`g usg di nfc`t vfsfdn mgvfkgs.m. Murfnc adnc èats, t`g paetddn gstebafs`gs e pgrfhgtgr mgignsg ([ggKèptgr 5). ]`g paetddn agemgr gnsurgs tèt t`g paetddn èats dn mgign-sfbag tgrrefn. @g gstebafs`gs t`g mgignsg usfnc t`g sehg kdnsfmgretfdnsmfskussgm fn [gktfdn Y.

g. Idr emmftfdnea sgkurfty murfnc èats, t`g paetddn agemgr hey gsteb-afs` e squem-sfzgm ehbus`. @g hust prdvfmg e spgkfifk adketfdn enmfnstruktfdns kdnkgrnfnc t`g fnftfetfdn enm kdnmukt di t`g ehbus` enm t`g

afno-up di t`g squem wft` t`g paetddn.2-7. [GKWRF]V FN ]@G DIIGN[G[gkurfty fn t`g diignsg fnkaumgs ektfdns teogn by paetddns enm squems tdifnm t`g gnghy, td evdfm mgtgktfdn dr prgvgnt t`g mgtgktfdn di t`g aercgrbdmy, enm td prdtgkt t`g unft murfnc t`g esseuat dn t`g dbjgktfvg.

e. Hdvghgnt td Kdntekt. \aetddns enm squems gxgkutg cuerm drskrggnfnc hfssfdns es pert di e aercgr idrkg fn e hdvghgnt td kdntekt. ([gg[gktfdn FFF.)

b. Rgkdnnefssenkg \etrdas. Rgkdnnefssenkg petrdas erg kdnmuktgmbgidrg gxgkutfnc diignsfvg dpgretfdns td ifnm t`g gnghy enm mgtgrhfng`fs strgnct` enm mfspdsftfdns. Kèptgr ; mfskussgs tgk`nfqugs idr paetddnsenm squems kdnmuktfnc rgkdnnefssenkg petrdas.

k. @esty enm Mgafbgretg Ettekos. \aetddns enm squems usk t`g sehgsgkurfty tgk`nfqugs idr hdvghgnt mfskussgm ebdvg w`fag hdvfnc irdhessghbay erges td t`g dbjgktfvg. ]`g besg-di-ifrg enm henguvgr gaghgntsdi t`g paetddn hust prdvfmg t`gfr dwn sgkurfty w`fag gxgkutfnc t`gfr

spgkfifk tesos.(5)Besg-di-ifrg gaghgnt. ]`g paetddn sgrcgent dr agemgr kdntrdaafnc

t`g besg-di-ifrg gaghgnt s`duam mgsfcnetg sdamfgrs dn t`g iaenos di t`gpdsftfdn td prdvfmg dbsgrvetfdn enm, fi ngkgssery, ifrgs td t`g iaenos w`fagt`g gaghgnt gncecgs t`g gnghy dn t`g dbjgktfvg. ]`g besg-di-ifrg gaghgnteasd prdvfmgs sgkurfty td fts rger.

2-27


56/409

IH 3-0

(2)Henguvgr gaghgnt. ]`g henguvgr gaghgnt hust sgkurg fts dwniaenos enm rger es ft esseuats ekrdss t`g dbjgktfvg. \aetddn agemgrs s`duamkdnsfmgr mgsfcnetfnc esseuatfnc bummy tgehs td dbsgrvg t`g iaenos enm

rger. S`gn kagerfnc trgnk`gs, t`g paetddn s`duam bg eagrt ecefnst adkeakduntgrettekos eadnc kagergm pdrtfdns di t`g trgnk` bg`fnm t`g agem ifrgtgeh. ]`g besg-di-ifrg gaghgnt prdvfmgs sgkurfty idr t`g henguvgr gag-hgnt by gncecfnc eny kduntgrettekofnc dr rgfnidrkfnc idrkgs fi ft ken mdsd wft`dut gnmencgrfnc t`g henguvgr gaghgnt wft` fts dwn ifrgs.

m. Kdnsdafmetfdn. \aetddns enm squems hdvg qufkoay td gstebafs`sgkurfty murfnc t`g kdnsdafmetfdn di en dbjgktfvg. ]`gy md t`fs by gsteb-afs`fnc D\s eadnc afogay epprdek`gs enm by gstebafs`fnc dvgraeppfnc

sgktdrs di ifrg td krgetg eaa-rdunm sgkurfty. ([gg [gktfdn Y.)

2-9. [GKWRF]V FN ]@G MGIGN[G[gkurfty fn t`g mgignsg fnkaumgs ektfvg enm pessfvg hgesurgs teogn td evdfmmgtgktfdn dr mgkgfvg t`g gnghy enm td mgny gnghy rgkdnnefssenkg gag-hgnts ekkuretg fnidrhetfdn dn irfgnmay pdsftfdns.

e. ]grrefn. Agemgrs kdnsfmgr t`g tgrrefn fn tgrhs di DKDOE es t`gypaen idr sgkurfty fn t`g mgignsg. ]`gy addo idr tgrrefn tèt wfaa prdtgktt`gh irdh gnghy dbsgrvetfdn enm ifrgs enm, et t`g sehg tfhg, prdvfmgdbsgrvetfdn enm ifrgs fntd t`g erge w`grg t`gy fntgnm td mgstrdy t`g gnghydr mgiget `fs etteko. S`gn ngkgssery agemgrs usg mgignsfvg tgk`nfqugs,suk` es rgvgrsg sadpg dr pgrfhgtgr mgignsg, td fhprdvg t`g sgkurfty di t`gmgignsfvg pdsftfdn. Agemgrs paen prdtgktfvg dbstekags td t`g iaenos enmrger di t`gfr pdsftfdns enm tfg t`gh fn wft` suppaghgntery ifrgs. Agemgrskdnsfmgr emjekgnt ogy tgrrefn tèt t`rgetgns t`g sgkurfty di t`gfr pdsftfdns.]`gy sgkurg t`fs tgrrefn by pdstfnc D\s enm by kdvgrfnc ft wft` mfrgkt enmfnmfrgkt ifrgs. Ifneaay, agemgrs gstebafs` D\s eadnc t`g hdst afogay gnghyepprdek`gs fntd t`g pdsftfdn dr sgktdr td prdvfmg geray wernfnc.

b. Dbsgrvetfdn \dsts. Gek` paetddn s`duam pdst et agest dng D\. ]`gpaetddn agemgr mgsfcnetgs t`g cgngrea adketfdn idr t`g D\ enm t`g rdutgstd enm irdh t`g D\. ]`g squem agemgr gstebafs`fnc t`g D\ sgagkts t`gspgkfifk sftg. [gktfdn PFF prdvfmgs e mgtefagm mfskussfdn di t`g tgk`nfqugsusgm by paetddns enm squems fn gstebafs`fnc enm hennfnc D\s. S`gn epaetddn pgridrhs e skrggn hfssfdn idr e aercgr idrkg fn e mgignsg, ft heygstebafs` squtfm-sfzgm D\s tèt erk wgaa mfspgrsgm. ]`g squems kdnmuktpetrdaafnc hfssfdns bktwggn t`gsg D\s td gstebafs` t`g skrggn.

k. \etrdas. \aetddns s`duam ektfvgay petrda t`g erge td t`gfr irdnt enmiaenos w`fag fn e mgignsfvg dpgretfdn. ]`gsg petrdas s`duam fnkaumgdbsgrvetfdn di mgem spekg, ceps bgtwggn unfts, dpgn iaenos, enm ceps draengs fn tektfkea enm prdtgktfvg wfrg. \etrdas hey easd bg usgm td gstebafsènm rgafgvg D\s. ]`g paetddn agemgr hust gnsurg tèt eaa petrdas ndt

2-29


57/409

IH 3-0

fnftfetgm by `fs `fc`gr `gemquertgrs erg kddrmfnetgm wft` t`gh. Kèptgr ;prdvfmgs mgtefagm mfskussfdn di petrdaafnc tgk`nfqugs idr paetddns enmsquems.

m. \essfvg Hgesurgs. \aetddns hey bg mfrgktgm td kdvgr spgkfifkerges di fts sgktdr wft` nfc`t vfsfdn mgvfkgs, t`grhea sfc`ts, dr geraywernfnc mgvfkgs. ]`gsg systghs s`duam bg fnkdrpdretgm fntd t`g paetddnsgktdr sogtk`. \essfvg hgesurgs easd fnkaumg kehduiaecg? hdvghgnt kdn-trda? enm ndfsg, afc`t, enm remfdtgagp`dng mfskfpafng.

g. Mgkgptfvg Hgesurgs. Mgkgptfvg hgesurgs fnkaumgs ektfdns tètpaetddns enm squems hey teog td hfsagem t`g gnghy enm fnmukg `fh td mdsdhgt`fnc kduntgr td `fs fntgrgsts. \aetddns hey ghpady mgkgptfvg hges-urgs idr adkea sgkurfty suk` es muhhy pdsftfdns dr suppaghgntea wfrg.

i. Mgkgptfdn Dpgretfdns. \aetddns hey kdnmukt mgkgptfdn dpgre-tfdns es pert di e aercgr idrkg. ]`gsg dpgretfdns hey fnkaumg mghdnstre-tfdns, igfnts, mfspaeys, dr rusgs. Fn hdst fnstenkgs paetddns gxgkutghfssfdns es ndrhea but dn e afhftgm skeag (igfnt), dr td prgsgnt e ieasgpfkturg td t`g gnghy.

[gktfdn FFF. HDYGHGN]

]`fs sgktfdn mfskussgs idrhetfdns, hdvghgnt tgk`nfqugs, enmektfdns murfnc hdvghgnt idr fnientry paetddns enm squems.

2-3. IFRG ]GEH IDRHE]FDN[Idrhetfdn erg errencghgnts di gaghgnts enm sdamfgrs fn rgaetfdn td gek`dt`gr. [quems usk idrhetfdns idr kdntrda iagxfbfafty enm sgkurfty. Agemgrsk`ddsg idrhetfdns besgm dn t`gfr eneaysfs di t`g iektdrs di HG]]-].

Ifcurg 2-9, pecg 2-26, kdhpergs idrhetfdns. Agemgrs erk up irdnt fnidrhetfdns. ]`fs eaadws t`g ifrg tgeh agemgr td agem by gxehpag, Idaadw hgenm md es F md. Eaa sdamfgrs fn t`g tgeh hust bg ebag td sgg t`gfr agemgr.

e. Sgmcg. ]`g wgmcg fs t`g besfk idrhetfdn idr t`g ifrg tgeh. ]`gfntgrvea bgtwggn sdamfgrs fn t`g wgmcg idrhetfdn fs ndrheaay 5< hgtgrs.]`g wgmcg gxpenms enm kdntrekts mgpgnmfnc dn t`g tgrrefn. S`gn rduc`tgrrefn, pddr vfsfbfafty, dr dt`gr iektdrs heog kdntrda di t`g wgmcg mfiifkuat,ifrg tgehs hdmfiy t`g wgmcg. ]`g ndrhea fntgrvea fs rgmukgm sd tèt eaa

tgeh hghbgrs ken stfaa sgg t`gfr tgeh agemgr enm t`g tgeh agemgrs ken stfaat`gfr squem agemgr. ]`g sfmgs di t`g wgmcg ken kdntrekt td t`g pdfnt w`grgt`g wgmcg rgsghbags e sfncag ifag. S`gn hdvfnc fn agss ruccgm tgrrefn,w`grg kdntrda fs gesfgr, sdamfgrs gxpenm dr rgsuhg t`gfr drfcfnea pdsftfdns.(Ifcurg 2-=).

b. Ifag. S`gn t`g tgrrefn prgkaumgs usg di t`g wgmcg, ifrg tgehs usgt`g ifag idrhetfdn (Ifcurg 2-7).

2-23


58/409

IH 3-0

Ifcurg 2-=. Ifrg tgeh wgmcg.

Ifcurg 2-7. Ifrg tgeh ifag.

2-20


59/409

IH 3-0

Ifcurg 2-9. Kdhperfsdn di ifrg tgeh idrhetfdns.

2-0. [UWEM IDRHE]FDN[

[quem idrhetfdns mgskrfbg t`g rgaetfdns`fps bgtwggn ifrg tgehs fn t`gsquem. ]`gy fnkaumg t`g squem kdauhn enm squem afng. E kdhperfsdn dit`g idrhetfdns fs fn Ifcurg 2-5


60/409

IH 3-0

b. [quem Afng. ]`g squem afng prdvfmgs hexfhuh ifrgpdwgr td t`girdnt (Ifcurg 2-0). S`gn e squem fs ektfnc es t`g besg squem, t`g ifrg tgehdn t`g rfc`t fs t`g besg ifrg tgeh.

Ifcurg 2-0. [quem Afng.

k. [quem Ifag. S`gn ndt (revgafnc fn e kdauhn dr afng, squems trevgafn ifag. ]`g squem ifag `es t`g sehg k`erektgrfstfks es t`g ifrg tgeh ifag. Fit`g squem agemgr mgsfrgs td fnkrgesg `fs kdntrda dvgr t`g idrhetfdn, gxgrtcrgetgr hdreag prgsgnkg by agemfnc irdh t`g irdnt, enm bg fhhgmfetgayevefaebag td heog ogy mgkfsfdns, `g wfaa hdvg idrwerm td t`g ifrst dr sgkdnmpdsftfdn. Emmftfdnea kdntrda dvgr t`g rger di t`g idrhetfdn ken bg prd-vfmgm by hdvfnc e tgeh Fgemgr td t`g aest pdsftfdn. (Ifcurg 2-6.)

Ifcurg 2-6. [quem ifag.

2-;


61/409

IH 3-0

Ifcurg 2-5


62/409

IH 3-0

Ifcurg 2-55. \aetddn kdauhn.

2-;2


63/409

IH 3-0

b. \aetddn-Afng, [quems-dn-Afng. ]`fs idrhetfdn eaadws t`g mgafvgrydi hexfhuh ifrg td t`g irdnt but afttag ifrg td t`g iaenos (Ifcurg 2-52).]`fs idrhetfdn fs `erm td kdntrda, enm ft mdgs ndt agnm ftsgai wgaa td

repfm hdvghgnt. S`gn twd dr hdrg paetddns erg ettekofnc, t`gkdhpeny kdhhenmgr k`ddsgs dng di t`gh es t`g besg paetddn. ]`gbesg paetddns kgntgr squem fs fts besg squem. S`gn t`g paetddn fsndt ektfnc es t`g besg paetddn, fts besg squem fs fts iaeno squemngergst t`g besg paetddn. ]`g hek`fng cuns ken hdvg wft` t`g

paetddn, dr t`gy ken suppdrt by ifrg irdh e suppdrt pdsftfdn (ndts`dwn). ]`fs fs t`g besfk paetddn esseuat idrhetfdn.

Ifcurg 2-52. \aetddn-afng, squems-dn-afng.

k. \aetddn-Afng, [quems-fn-Kdauhn. ]`g paetddn agemgr ken usg t`fsidrhetfdn w`gn `g mdgs ndt went td mgpady eaa pgrsdnnga dn afng, enmw`gn `g wents t`g squems td rgekt td ungxpgktgm kdntekt (Ifcurg 2-5;).

]`fs idrhetfdn fs gesfgr td kdntrda, enm ft agnms ftsgai bgttgr td repfm

Ifcurg 2-5;. \aetddn-afng, squems-fn-kdauhn.

2-;;


64/409

IH 3-0

hdvghgnt tèn t`g paetddn-afng dr squems-dn-afng idrhetfdn? `dwgvgr,ft fs èrmgr td kdntrda tèn enm mdgs ndt iekfaftetg repfm hdvghgnt es wgaaes e paetddn kdauhn. S`gn twd dr hdrg paetddns erg hdvfnc, t`g

kdhpeny kdhhenmgr k`ddsgs dng di t`gh es t`g besg paetddn. ]`g besgpaetddns kgntgr squem fs fts besg squem. S`gn t`g paetddn fs ndt t`g besgpaetddn, fts besg squem fs fts iaeno squem ngergst t`g besg paetddn.

m. \aetddn Ygg. ]`fs idrhetfdn ès twd squems up irdnt td prdvfmg e`gevy vdauhg di ifrg dn kdntekt (Ifcurg 2- 5=). Ft easd ès dng squem fnt`g rger tèt ken gft`gr dvgrwetk` dr trefa t`g dt`gr squems. ]`fs idrhe-tfdn fs èrm td kdntrda? hdvghgnt fs sadw ]`g paetddn agemgr mgsfcnetgsdng di t`g irdnt squems td bg t`g paetddn's besg squem.

Ifcurg 2-5=. \aetddn vgg.

2-;=


65/409


66/409

IH 3-0

i. \aetddn Ifag. ]`fs idrhetfdn hey bg sgt up fn sgvgrea hgt`dms.Dng hgt`dm fs td èvg t`rgg-squem ifags idaadw dng endt`gr usfnc dng dit`g hdvghgnt tgk`nfqugs. Endt`gr hgt`dm fs td èvg e sfncag paetddnifag wft` e irdnt sgkurfty kaghgnt (pdfnt) enm iaeno sgkurfty gaghgnts. ]`fsidrhetfdn fs usgm w`gn vfsfbfafty fs pddr mug td tgrrefn, vgcgtetfdn, dr afc`tkdnmftfdns. (Ifcurg 2-59.)]`g mfstenkg bgtwggn sdamfgrs fs agss tèn ndr-hea td eaadw kdhhunfketfdn by pessfnc hgssecgs up enm mdwn t`g ifag.]`g paetddn ifag ès t`g sehg kèrektgrfstfks es t`g ifrg tgeh enmsquem ifags.

Ifcurg 2-59. \aetddn ifag.

2-;9


67/409

IH 3-0

S@GN K@EREK]GRF[]FK[

HDYGHGN] NDRHEAAV IFRG KE\EBFAF]VIDRHE]FDN W[GM KDN]RDA IAGPFBFAF]V RG[]RFK]FDN[ HDYGHGN]

\AE]DDN \AE]DDN CDDM IDR \RDYFMG[ EAADS[ AFHF]GM IFRG- CDDM

KDAWHN \RFHERV HENGWYGR CDDM MF[- \DSGR ]D ]@G IRDN]HDYGHGN] (IFRG ENM \GR[FDN ENM RGER-@FC@IDRHE]FDN HDYG- AE]GREAAV YDAWHG ]D

HGN]) ENM FN ]@G IAENO[

MG\]@

\AE]DDN S@GN ]@G MFIIFKWA] HFNFHEA EAADS[ HEPFHWH [ADSAFNG, AGEMGR SEN][ IFRG\DSGR ]D ]@G[UWEM[ Eaa [DAMFGR[ IRDN]AF]]AG ]DDN AFNG IDRSERM IDR IAENO[ ENM RGER

HEPFHWH IFRG.\DSGR ]D ]@GIRDN] ENM ]@GGNGHV [F]WE]FDNF[ ONDSN

\AE]DDN HEV BG W[GM GE[FGR CRGE]GR CDDM ]D ]@G IRDN] [ADSGRAFNG, S@GN ]@G ]@EN ]@EN ENM RGER, ND] E[ ]@EN \AE-[UWEM[ AGEMGR MDG[ \AE]DDN \AE]DDN CDDM E[ \AE]DDN ]DDNFN ND] SEN] AFNG. KDAWHN? KDAWHN ? KDAWHN,KDAWHN GYGRVDNG DN [UWEM[ [UWEM[ DN BG]]GR ]@EN BW] IE[]GR

AFNG? BW] AGEMGR DN AFNG AFNG BW] \AE]DDN AFNG ]@ENSEN][ ]D BG BW] HDRG AG[[ ]@EN \AE]DDN\RG\ERGM IDR MFIIFKWA] \AE]DDN AFNG [UWEM[KDN]EK]: S@GN ]@EN \AE- AFNG: [UWEM[ DN AFNGKRD[[FNC ]@G ]DDN DN AFNGAM S@GN AM F[ KDAWHN

NGER ]@GDBJGK]FYG

\AE]DDN S@GN GNGHV MFIIFKWA] \RDYFMG[ FHHGMFE]G @GEYV [ADSYGG [F]WE]FDN F[ ]SD [UWEM[ YDAWHG DI IFRG-

YECWG, BW] W\ IRDN] \DSGR ]D ]@GKDN]EK] F[ IDR aHHGMa- IRDN] DR IAENO[GP\GK]GM E]G IFRG-IRDH ]@G \DSGR ENMIRDN] DNG [UWEM

]D ]@G RGERIDR HDYG.HGN] (IFRGENM HDYG.

HGN]) W\DNKDN]EK]IRDH ]@GIAENO

\AE]DDN S@GN GNGHV MFIIFKWA] GNEBAG[ \RDYFMG[ @GEYV [ADS,SGMCG [F]WE]FDN BW] BG]]GR AGEMGR ]D YDAWHG DI IFRG- IE[]GR ]@EN

F[ YECWG, ]@EN \AE- HEOG KDN. \DSGR ]D ]@G \AE]DDNBW] KDN]EK] ]DDN YGG ]EK] SF]@ E IRDN] DR IAENO[ YGGF[ ND] ENM \AE- [HEAAGP\GK]GM ]DDN AFNG, GAGHGN]

[UWEM[ ENM []FAADN AFNG @EYG ]SD

[UWEM[ ]DHENGWYGR

\AE]DDN S@GN YF[FBFAF]V GE[FG[] HD[] EAADS[ FHHGMFE]G IE[]G[]IFAG F[ \DDR MWG ]D MFIIFKWA] IFRG[ ]D ]@G IAENO[,

]GRREFN DR IDRHE]FDN HE[O HD[] IFRG[AFC@] IRDH S@FK@ ]D IRDN] ENM RGER

]DHENGWYGR

Ifcurg 2-53. Kdhperfsdn di paetddn idrhetfdns.

2-;3


68/409

IH 3-0

2-5


69/409

IH 3-0

(2) ]revgafnc dvgrwetk`. ]revgafnc dvgrwetk` fs usgm w`gn kdntekt fspdssfbag (Ifcurg 2-2


70/409

IH 3-0

Ifcurg 2-25. Gxehpag di squem agemgrs drmgr td bdunm.

(m) ]gehs ken bdunm sukkgssfvgay dr eatgrnetgay. [ukkgssfvg bdunmserg gesfgr td kdntrda? eatgrnetg bdunms ken bg iestgr. (Ifcurg 2-22.)

Ifcurg 2-22. [quem sukkgssfvg enm eatgrnetg bdunms.

2-=


71/409

IH 3-0

b. ]gk`nfqugs di \aetddn Hdvghgnt. ]`g paetddn agemgr mgtgrhfngsenm mfrgkts w`fk` hdvghgnt tgk`nfqug t`g paetddn wfaa usg.

(5) ]revgafnc. ]revgafnc fs usgm w`gn gnghy kdntekt fs ndt afogay enmpggm fs nggmgm (Ifcurg 2-2;).

Ifcurg 2-2;. \aetddn trevgafnc.

(2) ]revgafnc dvgrwetk`. ]revgafnc dvgrwetk` fs usgm w`gn kdntekt fspdssfbag but spggm fs nggmgm (Ifcurg 2-2=). ]`g paetddn agemgr hdvgsw`grg `g ken bgst kdntrda t`g paetddn. ]`g paetddn sgrcgent trevgas wft`t`g trefafnc squem, t`duc` `g fs irgg td hdvg t`rduc`dut t`g idrhetfdn td

2-=5


72/409

IH 3-0

gnidrkg sgkurfty, ndfsg enm afc`t mfskfpafng, enm mfstenkgs. bgtwggn squems.]`g agem squem usgs trevgafnc dvgrwetk`, enm t`g trefafnc squems usg trevgafnc.

Ifcurg 2-2=. \aetddn trevgafnc dvgrwetk`.

(;)Bdunmfnc dvgrwetk`. Bdunmfnc dvgrwetk` fs usgm w`gn kdntekt fsgxpgktgm (Ifcurg 2-27). \aetddns kdnmukt bdunmfnc dvgrwetk` usfnc sukkgs-sfvg dr eatgrnetg bdunms.

(e) Dng squem bdunmfnc. Dng squem bdunms idrwerm td e k`dsgn pdsf-tfdn, t`gn ft bgkdhgs t`g dvgrwetk`fnc gaghgnt unagss kdntekt fs hemg gn

rdutg. ]`g bdunmfnc squem ken usg gft`gr trevgafnc dvgrwetk`, bdunmfncdvgrhetk`, dr fnmfvfmuea hdvghgnt tgk`nfqugs (adw enm `fc` krewa, enm s`drtrus`gs by tfrg tgeh dr pefrs).

(b) Dng squem dvgrwetk`fnc. Dng squem dvgrwetk`gs t`g bdunmfncsquem irdh kdvgrgm pdsftfdns irdh w`fk` ft ken sgg enm supprgss afogaygnghy pdsftfdns. [damfgrs usg sunnfnc tgk`nfqugs td vfgw t`gfr essfcngm

2-=2


73/409

IH 3-0

sgktdr. ]`g paetddn agemgr rghefns wft` t`g dvgrhetk`fnc squem. Ndr-heaay, t`g paetddns hek`fng cuns erg adketgm wft` t`g dvgrwetk`fncsquem easd.

(k) Dng squem eweftfnc drmgrs. Dng squem fs unkdhhfttgm enm rgemyidr ghpadyhgnt es mfrgktgm by t`g paetddn agemgr. ]`g paetddn sgrcgentenm t`g agemgr di t`g squem eweftfnc drmgrs pdsftfdn t`ghsgavgs kadsg tdt`g paetddn agemgr.

Ifcurg 2-27. \aetddn bdunmfnc dvgrwetk`

(m) Kdnsfmgretfdns. S`gn mgkfmfnc w`grg td èvg `fs bdunmfncsquem cd, e paetddn agemkr kdnsfmgrs

]`g rgqufrghgnts di t`g hfssfdn. S`grg t`g gnghy fs afogay td bg. ]`g rdutgs td t`g ngxt dvgrwetk` pdsftfdn. ]`g ebfafty di en dvgrwetk`fnc gaghgnts wgepdns

td kdvgr t`g bdunm. ]`g rgspdnsfvgngss di t`g rgst di t`g paetddn.

]`g ifgams di ifrg et t`g ngxt dvgrwetk` pdsftfdn.(g)Fnstruktfdns. Bgidrg e bdunm, t`g paetddn agemgr cfvgs en drmgr

td `fs squem agemgrs irdh t`g dvgrwetk` pdsftfdn (Ifcurg 2-29). @g tgaasenm s`dws t`gh t`g idaadwfnc:

]`g mfrgktfdn dr adketfdn di t`g gnghy (fi ondwn). ]`g pdsftfdns di t`g dvgrwetk`fnc squem.

]`g ngxt dvgrwetk` pdsftfdn. ]`g rdutg di t`g bdunmfnc squem. Sèt td md eitgr t`g bdunmfnc squem rgek`gs t`g

ngxt pdsftfdn. Sèt sfcnea t`g bdunmfnc squem wfaa usg td enndunkg

ft fs prgpergm td dvgrwetk`. @dw t`g squem wfaa rgkgfvg t`gfr ngxt drmgrs.

2-=;


74/409

IH 3-0

Ifcurg 2-29. Gxehpag di paetddn agemgr's drmgr idr

bdunmfnc dvgrwetk`.

(i)Hek`fng cuns. ]`g hek`fng cuns erg ndrheaay ghpadygm fn dngdi twd weys:

Ettek` bdt` cuns td t`g dvgrwetk` squem(s). Dng hek`fng cun wft` t`g dvgrwetk` squem enm t`g dt`gr wft`

t`g bdunmfnc squem. ]`fs tgk`nfqug rgqufrgs t`g cuns tdhdvg bgtwggn squems es t`gy agevg t`g dvgrwetk` td

jdfn t`g bdunmfnc squem.

k. Fnmfvfmuea Hdvghgnt ]gk`nfqugs. Fnmfvfmuea hdvghgnt tgk`-nfqugs fnkaumg t`g `fc` enm adw krewa enm s`drt rus`gs (t`rgg td ifvgsgkdnms) irdh dng kdvgrgm pdsftfdn td endt`gr. ([gg IH 25-37.)

m. Dt`gr Hdvghgnt [ftuetfdns. ]`g paetddn ken usg dt`gr idrhe-tfdns idr hdvghgnt.

(5)Hdvghgnt wft` erhdrgm vg`fkags. Idr e mgtefagm mfskussfdn diwdrofnc wft` erhdrgm vg`fkags, sgg [gktfdn FP.(2)Hdvghgnt by wetgr. ]`g paetddn evdfms krdssfnc wetgr dbstekags

w`gn pdssfbag. Agemgrs s`duam fmgntfiy wgeo dr ndnswfhhgrs enm pefrt`gh wft` e cddm swfhhgr fn t`gfr squem.

(e) S`gn paetddns dr squems hust hdvg fntd, t`rduc`, dr dut dirfvgrs, aeogs, strgehs, dr dt`gr bdmfgs di wetgr, t`gy trget t`g wetgr

2-==


75/409

IH 3-0

dbstekag es e mencgr erge. S`fag dn t`g wetgr, t`g paetddn fs gxpdsgm enmvuangrebag. ]d diisgt t`g mfsemventecgs, t`g paetddn-

Hdvgs murfnc afhftgm vfsfbfafty. Mfspgrsgs.

Kehduiaecgs t`drducày. Hdvgs nger t`g s`drg td rgmukg t`g kènkgs di mgtgktfdn.(b) S`gn hdvfnc fn hdrg tèn dng bdet, t`g paetddn Hefntefns tektfkea fntgcrfty enm sgai-suiifkfgnky. Krdss adems ogy sdamfgrs enm gqufphgnt. Heogs surg tèt t`g remfd fs wft` t`g agemgr.

(k) Fi bdets erg ndt evefaebag, sgvgrea dt`gr tgk`nfqugs ken bg usgmsuk` es

[wfhhfnc. \dnk`d reits. Efr hettrgssgs. Setgrprddi becs.

E 3/59-fnk` rdpg usgm es e sghfsubhgrsfbag dng-rdpgbrfmcg dr seigty afng.

Setgr wfncs (hemg irdh e sgt di trdusgrs).(;) ]ektfkea herk`gs. \aetddns kdnmukt twd typgs di tektfkea herk`gs

wft` t`g kdhpeny. ]`gy erg iddt herk`gs enm hdtdr herk`gs.(e) Iddt herk`gs. [gg IH 25-50.(b)Hdtdr herk`gs. ]`g paetddn kdnmukts hdtdr herk`gs afog eny

dt`gr tektfkea hdvghgnt. [pgkfea rgqufrghgnts hey fnkaumg \rdtgktfdn. [enmbeccfnc t`g bdttdh di t`g truko td

prdtgkt t`g sdamfgrs irdh hfngs.

Dbsgrvetfdn. Rghdvfnc bdws enm kenves td eaadw ;9


76/409

IH 3-0

mey. Ft hust bg ebag td kdntrda, nevfcetg, hefntefn sgkurfty, hdvg, enmsteao et nfc`t dr murfnc afhftgm vfsfbfafty.

(e) Kdntrda. S`gn vfsfbfafty fs pddr, t`g idaadwfnc hgt`dms efm fnkdntrda:

[gagktgm pgrsdnnga usg di nfc`t vfsfdn mgvfkgs. Agemgrs hdvg kadsgr td t`g irdnt. ]`g paetddn rgmukgs spggm.

Gek` sdamfgr usgs twd sheaa strfps di auhfndus tepg dn t`grger di `fs `gahgt td eaadw t`g sdamfgr bg`fnm `fh td sgg.

Agemgrs rgmukg t`g fntgrvea bgtwggn sdamfgrs enm bgtwggnunfts td heog surg t`gy ken sgg gek` dt`gr.

Agemgrs kdnmukt `gemkdunts et rgcuaer fntgrveas enm eitgr

gek` èat td gnsurg pgrsdnnga ekkduntebfafty.(b)Nevfcetfdn. ]d essfst fn nevfcetfdn murfnc afhftgm vfsfbfafty, agem-

grs usg

]grrefn essdkfetfdn (cgngrea mfrgktfdn di trevga kdupagmwft` rgkdcnftfdn di prdhfngnt hep enm crdunm igeturgs).

Mgem rgkodnfnc (kdhpess mfrgktfdn enm spgkfifk mfstenkgsdr agcs). Et t`g gnm di gek` agc, agemgrs s`duam vgrfiyt`gfr adketfdn.

Hdvghgnt rdutgs tèt pereaaga fmgntfifebag tgrrefn igeturgs. Cufmgs dr herogm rdutgs. C[Rs td vgktdr unfts td t`g prdpgr adketfdn.

\dsftfdn-adketfdn mgvfkgs.(k) [gkurfty. Idr stgeat` enm sgkurfty fn nfc`t hdvgs, squems enm

paetddns

Mgsfcnetg e pdfnt hen td hefntefn eagrtngss, t`g agemtgeh agemgr td nevfcetg, enm e pekg hen td kdunt t`g

mfstenkg trevgagm. Eatgrnetg kdhpess enm pekg hgnerg mgsfcnetgm.

Eaadw nd shdofnc, nd afc`ts, enm nd ndfsg. Wsg remfd-afstgnfnc sfagnkg. Kehduiaecg sdamfgrs enm gqufphgnt. Wsg tgrrefn td evdfm mgtgktfdn by gnghy survgfaaenkg dr

nfc`t vfsfdn mgvfkgs.

Heog irgqugnt afstgnfnc èats.

Heso t`g sdunms di hdvghgnt wft` ertfaagry tfrgs.(m)Nfc`t weaofnc. \rdifkfgnky fn nfc`t weaofnc fs cefngm t`rduc`

prektfkg. E sdamfgr weaofnc et nfc`t addos e`gem, t`gn sadway afitfnc `fsrfc`t iddt, `g kesgs ft idrwerm ebdut 9 fnk`gs td t`g irdnt di t`g agit iddt.S`fag gesfnc `fs iddt idrwerm enm oggpfnc `fs tdgs pdfntgm mdwnwerm, t`gsdamfgr iggas idr twfcs enm trfp wfrgs. @g sadway paekgs `fs iddt dn t`g

2-=9


77/409

IH 3-0

crdunm. Kdnifmgnt di sdafm, qufgt iddtfnc, t`g sdamfgr sadway hdvgs `fswgfc`t idrwerm, `gsftetgs, t`gn rgpgets t`g prdkgss wft` t`g dt`gr iddt.]`fs tgk`nfqug fs sadw enm tfhg-kdnsuhfnc.

(g) [teaofnc. [damfgrs steao td cgt es kadsg es t`gy ken td en gnghysgntry, petrda, dr besg. ]`fs fs bgst mgskrfbgm es e sadw, krduk`fnc nfc`tweao. ]`g sdamfgr wetk`gs t`g gnghy kdntfnudusay. S`gn kadsg td t`ggnghy, t`g sdamfgr squfnts td `gap kdnkgea afc`t rgiagktgm by `fs gygs. @gbrget`gs sadway t`rduc` `fs ndsg. Fi t`g gnghy addos fn `fs mfrgktfdn, t`gsdamfgr irggzgs. @g teogs emventecg di t`g bekocrdunm td bagnm wft`sèmdws enm td prgvgnt caerg dr kdntrest. [damfgrs hdvg murfnc mfstrek-tfdns suk` es custs di wfnm, vg`fkag hdvghgnt, adum teaofnc, dr ngerbywgepdns ifrg.

2-55. EK]FDN[ E] MENCGR ERGE[E mencgr erge fs eny paekg dn e rdutg w`grg t`g agemgrs gstfhetg prdkgsstgaas `fh tèt `fs paetddn hfc`t bg gxpdsgm td gnghy dbsgrvetfdn, ifrg, drbdt`. \aetddns try td evdfm mencgr erges. Fi e paetddn hust krdss e mencgrerge, ft mdgs sd wft` crget keutfdn enm es qufkoay es pdssfbag.

e. ]ypgs di Mencgr Erges. ]`g idaadwfnc erg sdhg gxehpags dimencgr erges enm krdssfnc prdkgmurgs.

(5) Dpgn erges. Kdnkgea t`g paetddn dn t`g ngersfmg enm dbsgrvg t`gerge. \dst sgkurfty td cfvg geray wernfnc. [gnm en gaghgnt ekrdss td kagert`g ier sfmg. S`gn kagergm, krdss t`g rghefnmgr di t`g paetddn et t`gs`drtgst gxpdsgm mfstenkg enm es qufkoay es pdssfbag.

(2)Rdems enm trefas. Krdss rdems dr trefas et dr nger e bgnm, e nerrdwspdt, dr dn adw crdunm.

(;) Yfaaecgs. \ess vfaaecgs dn t`g mdwnwfnm sfmg enm wgaa ewey irdht`gh. Evdfm enfheas, gspgkfeaay mdcs, w`fk` hfc`t rgvgea t`g prgsgnkg di

t`g paetddn.(=)Gnghy pdsftfdns. \ess dn t`g mdwnwfnm sfmg (t`g gnghy hfc`t

èvg skdut mdcs). Bg eagrt idr trfp wfrgs enm wernfnc mgvfkgs.(7)Hfngifgams. Bypess hfngifgams fi et eaa pdssfbaggvgn fi ft rgqufrgs

kèncfnc t`g rdutg by e crget mfstenkg. Kager e pet` t`rduc` hfngifgamsdnay fi ngkgssery.

(9) [trgehs. [gagkt e nerrdw spdt fn t`g strgeh tèt diigrs kdnkgea-hgnt dn bdt` benos. Dbsgrvg t`g ier sfmg kergiuaay. Ghpaekg nger enm

ier-sfmg sgkurfty idr geray wernfnc. Kager t`g ier sfmg, t`gn krdss repfmaybut qufgtay.

(3) Sfrg dbstekags. Evdfm wfrg dbstekags (t`g gnghy kdvgrs dbstekagswft` dbsgrvetfdn enm ifrg).

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b. Krdssfnc di Mencgr Erges. S`gn t`g paetddn krdssgs e mencgrerge fnmgpgnmgntay dr es t`g agem kaghgnt di e aercgr idrkg, ft hust

Mgsfcnetg nger- enm ier-sfmg reaay pdfnts.

[gkurg t`g nger sfmg (rfc`t, agit iaenos, enm rger sgkurfty). Rgkdnndftgr enm sgkurg t`g ier sfmg. Gxgkutg krdssfnc t`g mencgr erge.(5) ]`g paetddn agemgr dr squem agemgr mgkfmgs `dw t`g unft wfaa krdss

besgm dn t`g tfhg `g ès, t`g sfzg di t`g unft, t`g sfzg di t`g mencgr erge,t`g ifgams di ifrg fntd t`g erge, enm t`g ehdunt di sgkurfty `g ken pdst. Esheaa unft hey krdss eaa et dnkg, fn bummy tgehs, dr dng sdamfgr et e tfhg.E aercg unft ndrheaay krdssgs fts gaghgnts dng et e tfhg. Es gek` gaghgntkrdssgs, ft hdvgs td en dvgrwetk` pdsftfdn dr td t`g ier-sfmg reaay pdfntuntfa tdam td kdntfnug hdvghgnt.

(2) ]d hefntefn hdhgntuh, hefafnc paetddns ndrheaay krdss t`gmencgr erge wft`dut kdnmuktfnc t`gfr dwn rgkdnnefssenkg dr gstebafs`fncier-sfmg sgkurfty. ]`g agem paetddn kdnmukts rgkdnnefssenkg enm hefn-tefns ier-sfmg sgkurfty idr t`g w`dag idrkg.

ND]G: ]`g sgkurgm erge hust bg aercg gnduc` td eaadw t`g iuaa mgpady-hgnt di t`g rghefnmgr di t`g unft.

k. Krdssfnc di afnger Mencgr Erges (\aetddn). ]`g paetddnkrdssgs t`g mencgr erge fn t`g idrhetfdn enm adketfdn spgkfifgm by t`gpaetddn agemgr. Dn t`g ier sfmg di t`g mencgr erge, paetddn pgrsdnngaenm gqufphgnt erg ekkduntgm idr. ]`g paetddn kdntfnugs t`g hfssfdn.(Ifcurg 2-23.)

(5) S`gn t`g agem tgeh sfcneas "mencgr erge" (rgaeygm t`rduc`dutt`g paetddn), t`g paetddn èats.

(2) ]`g paetddn agemgr hdvgs idrwerm, kdnifrhs t`g mencgr erge, enm

mgtgrhfngs wèt tgk`nfqug t`g paetddn wfaa usg td krdss. ]`g paetddnsgrcgent easd hdvgs idrwerm td t`g paetddn agemgr.

(;) ]`g paetddn agemgr fnidrhs eaa squem agemgrs di t`g sftuetfdn enmt`g nger-sfmg enm ier-sfmg reaay pdfnts.

(=) ]`g paetddn sgrcgent mfrgkts pdsftfdnfnc di t`g nger-sfmg sgkurfty(usueaay kdnmuktgm by t`g trefa squem). ]`gsg twd sgkurfty tgehs heyidaadw `fh idrwerm w`gn t`g paetddn èats enm e mencgr erge sfcnea fspessgm beko.

(7) ]`g paetddn agemgr rgkdnndftgrs t`g mencgr erge enm sgagkts t`gkrdssfnc pdfnt tèt prdvfmgs t`g bgst kdvgr enm kdnkgeahgnt.

(9) Nger-sfmg sgkurfty dbsgrvgs td t`g iaenos enm dvgrhetk`gs t`gkrdssfnc.

(3) S`gn t`g nger-sfmg sgkurfty fs fn paekg, t`g paetddn agemgr mfrgktst`g ier-sfmg sgkurfty tgeh td krdss t`g mencgr erge.

2-=0


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Ifcurg 2-23. Krdssfnc e mencgr erge.

(0) ]`g ier-sfmg sgkurfty tgeh kagers t`g ier sfmg.(6) ]`g ier-sfmg sgkurfty tgeh agemgr gstebafs`gs en D\ idrwerm di

t`g kagergm erge.(5


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Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad - Fm 7-8 w Ch 1

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