Influence of Nicotine on the Tribocorrosion Behavior of

Ti6Al4V Alloy in Artificial Saliva Dmitry Royhman

Advisor: Dr. Mathew & Dr. Sukotjo

February 21st 2014

Background

• TI-6Al-4V is a widely accepted metal for dental implants due to its biocompatable and osseointegrative properties

Mavrogenis AF, et al., J. Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact, 2009

• Biomechanical forces and electrochemical attack from

the surrounding environment can cause the implant to degrade, leading to implant rejection

Yan Y, et al. Wear, 2007

• Clinical significance: released metal particles can lead to an adverse biological reaction resulting in local pain, swelling, and bone loss surrounding the implant

Sharan D., Orthopaedic Update (India), 1999

2

Nicotine

• An estimated 46 million people (20.6% of all adults) aged 18 years and older in the United States smoke cigarettes

CDS: Morbidity and Morality Weekly Report, 2010

• Nicotine is a plant derived extract and a natural alkaloid Connolly GN et al., Tob Control, 2007

• Nicotine content in cigarettes has slowly increased over the

years, and one study found that there was an average increase of 1.6% per year, from 1998 to 2005, in Machine-measured levels of smoke in cigarettes

Connolly GN et al., Tob Control, 2007

3

Corrosive Environment

4

Motivation for the Study

• Smoking is known to increase implant failure rate Hinode D. Clinical oral implants research. 2006

• There is a limited amount of information available on the effect of

nicotine’s effect on the mechanical and chemical behavior of implants in simulated physiological conditions

• To investigate the corrosive behavior of TI6Al4V when exposed to

artificial saliva in different pH levels and nicotine concentrations

• Hypothesis: Increased nicotine concentration will increase the tribocorrosion behavior of TI6Al4V

5

Tribometer Setup

Art by Arman Butts

Ceramic on Ti6Al4V

pH 3.0

Free Potential

Control (n=3)

5 mg/ml (n=3)

Potentiostatic

Control (n=3)

1 mg/ml (n=3)

5 mg/ml (n=3)

20 mg/ml (n=3)

pH 6.5

Free Potential

Control (n=3)

5 mg/ml (n=3)

Potentiostatic

Control (n=3)

1 mg/ml (n=3)

5 mg/ml (n=3)

20 mg/ml (n=3)

Experimental Design

7

Condition

Tests

Conc.

Cleaning

600 Sec

OCP

600 Sec

PS

600 Sec

EIS PS

600 Sec

PS

600 Sec

PS

1800 Sec

PS

600 Sec

PS

600 Sec

EIS OCP

600 Sec

Cleaning

600 Sec

OCP

600 Sec

EIS OCP

600 Sec

OCP

600 Sec

OCP

1800 Sec

OCP

600 Sec

OCP

600 Sec

EIS OCP

600 Sec

Final Stabilization

Initial Stabilization

Tribocorrosion Test

Sliding Apply Load Release Load End Test Start Test

Experiment Protocol

Corrosion Potential Measurement (Free Potential)

Final Stabilization

Initial Stabilization

Tribocorrosion Test

Sliding Apply Load Release Load End Test Start Test

Potentiostatic Tests (Applying Potential)

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Free Potential Results

Free Potential Tests

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

-1.4

-1.2

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

Pote

ntial (V

vs S

CE

)

Time (s)

pH 6.5 Control

pH 6.5 5mg/ml

pH 3.0 Control

pH 3.0 5mg/ml

Resistance to Polarization

-1.00E+06

0.00E+00

1.00E+06

2.00E+06

3.00E+06

4.00E+06

5.00E+06

6.00E+06

7.00E+06

pH 6.5 Control pH 6.5 5 mg pH 3.0 Control pH 3.0 5 mg

Rp

(O

hm

s)

Before Sliding After Sliding

CPE

0.00E+00

5.00E-06

1.00E-05

1.50E-05

2.00E-05

2.50E-05

3.00E-05

3.50E-05

4.00E-05

4.50E-05

5.00E-05

pH 6.5 Control pH 6.5 5 mg pH 3.0 Control pH 3.0 5 mg

Rp

(O

hm

s)

Before Sliding After Sliding

Free Potential Weight Loss

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

Control 5 mg/ml

Wei

ght

Loss

(u

g)

pH 6.5 pH 3.0

Potentiostatic Results

Potentiostatic pH 3.0

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

0.0

2.0x10-6

4.0x10-6

6.0x10-6

8.0x10-6

Control

1 mg/ml

5 mg/ml

20 mg/ml

Cur

rent

Den

sity

(A/c

m2 )

Time (s)

Potentiostatic pH 6.5

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

0.0

2.0x10-6

4.0x10-6

6.0x10-6

8.0x10-6

Control

1mg/ml

5mg/ml

20mg/ml

Cur

rent

Den

sity

(A

/cm

2 )

Row Numbers

Resistance to Polarization

0.00E+00

1.00E+06

2.00E+06

3.00E+06

4.00E+06

5.00E+06

6.00E+06

7.00E+06

8.00E+06

Rp

(O

hm

s)

Before Sliding After Sliding

Capacitance

0.00E+00

1.00E-05

2.00E-05

3.00E-05

4.00E-05

5.00E-05

6.00E-05

CP

E (O

hm

s)

Before Sliding After Sliding

Weight Loss

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

Wei

ght

Loss

(µ

g)

Kwc average Kc Average Kw average

References

• Mavrogenis AF, Dimitriou R, Parvizi J, Babis GC: Biology of implant osseointegration. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2009; 9(2):61-71

• Yan Y, Neville A, Dowson D. Tribo-corrosion properties of cobalt-based medical implant alloys in simulated biological environments. Wear. 2007 Sep;263(7-12):1105–11.

• Connolly GN, Alpert HR, Wayne GF, Koh H: Trends in nicotine yield in smoke and its relationship with design characteristics among popular US cigarette brands, 1997-2005. Tob Control 16:e5, 2007

• CDS: Morbidity and Morality Weekly Report. (ed. 35). 2010, p 40 • Raja PB, Sethuraman MG: Natural products as corrosion inhibitor for metals

in corrosive media ‚Äî A review. Materials Letters 62:113, 2008 • Sharan D: The problem of corrosion in orthopaedic implant materials.

Orthopaedic Update (India) Vol. 9, No. 1, April 1999 • Hinode D, Tanabe S, Yokoyama M, Fujisawa K, Yamauchi E, Miyamoto Y.

Influence of smoking on osseointegrated implant failure: a meta-analysis. Clinical oral implants research. 2006;17(4):473–8.

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droyhm2@uic.edu

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