1. InfluenzaMeghan DarnellDavid FeninSlade SchellSergey Sovenok

2. What is Influenza? 3. Influenza 4. Transmission 5. Mutations Antigenic Drift Mutations occur very often Small gradual changes Different strains Antigenic Shift Mutations dont occur often Major changes Different subtypes 6. History Influenza was not studiedintensively until the 20th century. 1918 H1N1 Strain (Spanish Flu) 1957-58 H2N2 Strain (Asian Flu) 1968 H3N2 Strain 7. Pandemic Severity Index 8. 1918 Spanish Flu Originated in U.S. military camps or inChina, not in Spain In 1915 the strain was transferred fromswine to humans. Third wave was the most deadly, killingseveral million in 1919. May have killed more people than theBlack Death, with 20-100 million fatalities Category 5 Pandemic 9. H2N2 Strain (1958 Asian Flu) Originatedin China as a result of amutation of both the H2N2 avian virus andthe H1N1 human virus. Infected mostly youth between the agesof 5 and 19 Had low mortality rate Resulted in 1-4 million fatalities Category 2 Pandemic 10. 1968 H3N2 Strain Originatedin Hong Kong in 1968 Combination of H2N2 human strain andH3 avian strain Human exposure to H2N2 lead to partialimmunity to this strain Much lower mortality rates than both the1918 and 1958 strains Category 2 Pandemic 11. Epidemiology Swine Flu of February 2009 resulted in a 15-25% infection rate. In Fall of 2010 the infection rate was 40% inthe U.S. 2010 strain ranked as a pandemic 10-20% infection rate is typical in anepidemic 12. More Epidemiology than you could ever want! 13. Epidemiology (cont.) Insert Graph here 14. Signs and Symptoms Feverover 100 F (38 C) Aching muscles, especially in yourback, arms and legs Chills and sweats Headache Dry cough Fatigue and weakness Nasal congestion 15. Pathology Mostcommon symptoms are usually aresult of the bodys immune response Pro-inflammatory cytokines Immune response may cause CytokineStorm 16. Difference between Cold andInfluenza Have similar symptoms Influenza comes on quicker than theCommon Cold Influenza virus damages cells while Coldvirus symptoms are caused mainly by aninflammatory response. 17. Stomach Flu Nota medical diagnosis Gastroenteritis NOT A FORM OF INFLUENZA Can be caused by multiple factors Adenovirus, Rotavirus, Calicivirus, and Astrovirus Waterborne parasites such as Giardia Certain foods Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Shigella, and Salmonella 18. Treatments AntiviralDrugs Over the Counter Medications Nutrition/herbs Interferons 19. Anti-viral Agents Adamantanes Treats influenza type A Neuraminidase inhibitors Treats both Influenza type A and B Not as Toxic 20. Tamiflu NeuraminidaseInhibitor E. coli is a key factor in production Side effects 21. Drug Resistance Sincemutations occur in influenza virusesvery often the development of a drugresistant strain is very common. More and more resistant viruses As read earlier some antivirals like Tamifludont really kill of the whole virus but docontribute to the killing of most of theviruses China incident 22. Vaccines 23. Prevention WASH YOUR HANDS!!!!! Disinfectants not very effective