Information About Forest

8/9/2019 Information About Forest

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TTo know ino know in sshort!!!hort!!!To learn about forestTo learn about forest

To study about plants and animals.To study about plants and animals.

To study about food chain, food web.To study about food chain, food web.

To know about Chipko movement.To know about Chipko movement.


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ForestForest are the main living of animals and plants,are the main living of animals and plants,

aboutabout oneone--thirdthird land surface of world is coveredland surface of world is covered

by forest, inby forest, in IndiaIndia aboutabout 21%21% of theof the countrycountry areaarea

is covered by forest.is covered by forest.

The trees, shrubs, herbs and climate are alsoThe trees, shrubs, herbs and climate are also

Present. It is aPresent. It is abiotic communitybiotic community spread over aspread over a

large area of land.large area of land.


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For food.For food.Animals depend for their food on greenAnimals depend for their food on greenplants,plants, especiallyespeciallyHerbivores.Herbivores.

For OxygenFor OxygenPlants produce oxygen duringPlants produce oxygen duringphotosynthesisphotosynthesis and animals useand animals use thisthisoxygen for respiration.oxygen for respiration.

For shelterFor shelterBig plants and trees help animal byBig plants and trees help animal bygiving sheltergiving shelter.. Most birds make theirMost birds make their

nests under trees, in trees many animalsnests under trees, in trees many animalslike monkey, apes and bats live.like monkey, apes and bats live.


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For Carbon DioxideFor Carbon Dioxide::

Animals produce carbon dioxide during respiration, plants use thisAnimals produce carbon dioxide during respiration, plants use this

gas for preparing food, in this way plants play an important role ingas for preparing food, in this way plants play an important role in

maintaining carbon dioxide and oxygen balance in nature.maintaining carbon dioxide and oxygen balance in nature.

For Pollen and Seed DispersalFor Pollen and Seed Dispersal::

Dispersal of seed and pollens are done by a number of insects, birdsDispersal of seed and pollens are done by a number of insects, birds

and bats it helps plants in reproducing more species.and bats it helps plants in reproducing more species.

For supplying NutrientsFor supplying Nutrients::

Animal excreta and their dead bodies add nutrient to the soil, theyAnimal excreta and their dead bodies add nutrient to the soil, they

act as manure and provide mineral for growth of plants.act as manure and provide mineral for growth of plants.


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The recycling of nutrients takes place by the plants known asThe recycling of nutrients takes place by the plants known asproducers/autotrophs, animals known as consumers/heterotrophs,producers/autotrophs, animals known as consumers/heterotrophs,

Decomposers: the microorganisms which break down dead remains ofDecomposers: the microorganisms which break down dead remains of

plants and animals into simpler substances. There is a system of giveplants and animals into simpler substances. There is a system of give

and take, abiotic substances supply nutrients to the producers and theyand take, abiotic substances supply nutrients to the producers and they

prepare food for consumers, they consume the food. When they die,prepare food for consumers, they consume the food. When they die,

they are decomposed into simpler substances, this process is repeated.they are decomposed into simpler substances, this process is repeated.

Decomposers thus produce humus which is black in colour.Decomposers thus produce humus which is black in colour.


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When producers are eaten by the herbivores. Herbivores,When producers are eaten by the herbivores. Herbivores,in turn, are eaten by carnivores. In this processin turn, are eaten by carnivores. In this process energy isenergy istransferred from plants to herbivores and from it totransferred from plants to herbivores and from it tocarnivorescarnivores, this process is know as, this process is know asFood chainFood chain (who eats(who eatswhom).whom).

Examples:Examples:

A grasshopper eats a green plant, a frog eats aA grasshopper eats a green plant, a frog eats agrasshopper, a frog is eaten by snake, and a snake is eatengrasshopper, a frog is eaten by snake, and a snake is eatenby a eagle.by a eagle.


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TheTheinterconnected network of foodinterconnected network of foodchainchainis calledis calledfood web.food web.All food chainsAll food chainsare interlinked.are interlinked.Examples:Examples:

Grass/plant may be eaten byGrass/plant may be eaten by

rabbit/cattle/deer. As well as deer, inrabbit/cattle/deer. As well as deer, inturn, may be eaten by tiger/lion/hawksturn, may be eaten by tiger/lion/hawks

etc., depending on their food habits.etc., depending on their food habits.


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CrownCrown

In forest,In forest, tall trees which has branches at the toptall trees which has branches at the top, arise above, arise abovethe stem, those branches are known as crown. Such tall plantsthe stem, those branches are known as crown. Such tall plants

have clear stem.have clear stem.CanopyCanopy

This type of trees are acting like an umbrella that we use inThis type of trees are acting like an umbrella that we use insummer,summer, the branches of tall trees look like a roofthe branches of tall trees look like a roofover the otherover the other

plants in the forest. This is called canopy.plants in the forest. This is called canopy.UnderstoreysUnderstoreysIn a forest trees, herbs, shrubs are growing together in a forest.In a forest trees, herbs, shrubs are growing together in a forest.Trees forms the top layer, Herbs forms last and Shrubs formsTrees forms the top layer, Herbs forms last and Shrubs forms

second layer, thesesecond layer, thesehorizontal layershorizontal layers are called Understoreys.are called Understoreys.


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Forest Plants:Forest Plants: Sal, teak, semal, sheesham, neem, fig,Sal, teak, semal, sheesham, neem, fig,

amla, bamboo, khair, palash etc.amla, bamboo, khair, palash etc.

Forest Animals: Bear, jackal, elephant, lion, tiger etc.


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Provide TimberProvide Timber

Trees such as sal, teak, pine, etc. Timber is used for making furniture,Trees such as sal, teak, pine, etc. Timber is used for making furniture,

carts, boats, ships, etc.carts, boats, ships, etc.

Provide FoodProvide FoodTribal living in the forest take tubers, roots, leaves and fruits of plantsTribal living in the forest take tubers, roots, leaves and fruits of plants

as their food.as their food.

Provide MedicinesProvide Medicines

Various drugs of medicinal importance are obtained, leaves of neem,Various drugs of medicinal importance are obtained, leaves of neem,

tulsi are well knowntulsi are well known forfor their medicinal value. Cinchona, aloe vera,their medicinal value. Cinchona, aloe vera,

ishabgul and ephedra also have medicinal values.ishabgul and ephedra also have medicinal values.


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Provide other forest productsProvide other forest products

It provide a large number of things such as gum, oils, spices, fodder,It provide a large number of things such as gum, oils, spices, fodder,resins, bamboo, silk etc,. It also provides animals horns, tusks, etc.resins, bamboo, silk etc,. It also provides animals horns, tusks, etc.

Provide Soil Erosion and FloodsProvide Soil Erosion and FloodsRoots of trees bind the soil and prevent soil form being washed away.Roots of trees bind the soil and prevent soil form being washed away.

Regulates Climate of a placeRegulates Climate of a placeForest increases the water vapour by transpiration, which helps in keeping the airForest increases the water vapour by transpiration, which helps in keeping the aircool and also help in inducing rain.cool and also help in inducing rain.

Improve QualityImprove Quality of soilof soilDead fallen leaves of trees decay and form humus, that keeps fertility.Dead fallen leaves of trees decay and form humus, that keeps fertility.

Control water flow and reduce pollutionControl water flow and reduce pollutionForest reduce pollution by using carbonForest reduce pollution by using carbon--dioxide and thus trees help in globaldioxide and thus trees help in globalwarming.warming.

Provide fuelwoodProvide fuelwoodWood is one of the most important fuels used for cooking in several areas, CharcoalWood is one of the most important fuels used for cooking in several areas, Charcoalis winter for keeping ourselves warm.is winter for keeping ourselves warm.


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Large scaleLarge scale cutting of forestcutting of forest trees must be stopped, if essential totrees must be stopped, if essential to

cut a few trees then make sure tocut a few trees then make sure toplant more treesplant more trees in their place.in their place.

Forest firesForest fires should be prevented, it may be happen by theshould be prevented, it may be happen by the

carelessness of people, they should avoid cooking in forest.carelessness of people, they should avoid cooking in forest.

OvergrazingOvergrazingby cattle, horses, sheep, goats should be prevented.by cattle, horses, sheep, goats should be prevented.

All activities leading toAll activities leading to soil erosionsoil erosion should be controlled.should be controlled.

Trees should be planted on a large scale people should be freeTrees should be planted on a large scale people should be free

from planting plants as it will help infrom planting plants as it will help in conservation of forest.conservation of forest.


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The popular movement startedThe popular movement started

from thefrom the Terai forestsTerai forests in thein the

HimalayasHimalayas foothillsfoothills to hug treesto hug treesto prevent from cutting wasto prevent from cutting was

namednamed Chipko AndolanChipko Andolan. It. It

was perhaps started inwas perhaps started in MarchMarch

19731973 in the remote hill town ofin the remote hill town ofGopeswar in ChamoliGopeswar in Chamoli district ofdistrict of

UttarakandUttarakand. It was led the. It was led the

environmentalistenvironmentalist SunderlalSunderlal

Bahugna.Bahugna.


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