Date post: | 31-Mar-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | santiago-richie |
View: | 216 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Information and Software Technology
Information and Software Technology
Option: Artificial intelligence, simulation and
modelling
Information and Software Technology
Wordle
Go to http://www.wordle.n
et/ Learn how to use it Create a Wordle for
this topic!
Information and Software Technology
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
What is INTELLIGENCE?› Ability to reason› Ability to acquire and
use knowledge› Ability to perceive
ideas› Ability to manipulate
objects
What is AI?› Ability of computers to
imitate human behaviour and thought processes.
Information and Software Technology
AI where is it at?
Information and Software Technology
Historical Perspective of AI
Ancient Greek philosopher
Aristotle (384 – 322BC) logical reasoning form the basis of many AI systems.
Aristotle Info
Information and Software Technology
Historical Perspectives of AI
Alan Turing (1912 – 1954) created the Turing machine that could perform logical operations.
The Turing test is where a human has to determine if the response was generated by a computer or a human.
Who Was Alan Turing The Enigma
Information and Software Technology
Historical Perspectives of AI
The Future?
Would you like to know more?
HW Page 169 Exercise 8.1 q’s 1 - 4
Information and Software Technology
Areas of AI Major areas of AI
› Intelligent Systems
› Expert systems and Knowledge Bases
› Neural networks› Games› Natural language› Robotics
DVC “I,video”
Information and Software Technology
Autonomous
Information and Software Technology
Asimo
Information and Software Technology
Areas of AI
An Artificial Intelligent system is a computer system that receives data through an input device such as a mouse, keyboard or microphone and produces an intelligent response.
Can you find one on the Internet and paste the link into Wallwisher!
Information and Software Technology
Expert systems
Expert systems are computer programs that make the collective knowledge of various experts in a field available to the user. They are built on knowledge bases.
Information and Software Technology
Expert systems
Examples of expert system include› Medical expert
system› Voice recognition
system› Travel navigation
expert system› Financial systems
Information and Software Technology
Expert System Example
Expert System Example
Investigate an expert system.
place your findings on our Wallwisher site.
Information and Software Technology
PREZI
Create a PREZI on something to do with AI (can not be a movie)
Include pictures and video.
Present a 5 Minute PREZI to the class.
Information and Software Technology
Neural networks A computer
system that works like the human brain and is capable of learning.
Watch video
Information and Software Technology
AI Terminology Knowledge bases – a
centralised repository for information. Computers can be programmed to use rules based on set conditions. IF-THEN rule.› IF this knowledge
exists (premise) THEN do this (conclusion).
Information and Software Technology
AI Terminology
Agents – A piece of software designed to search through databases for relevant data. Used in neural networks to search vast amounts of data.
Information and Software Technology
AI Terminology
Demons – A program that springs to life when it is relevant. Allow computers to be self-modifying.
HW Page 175 Exercise 8.2 q’s 1-4
Information and Software Technology
Modelling and simulations
Model – a simpler version of a real world object or idea.
Modelling – process of creating a model.
Information and Software Technology
Modelling and simulations
Computer model – an electronic representation of an object or idea.
Simulation – the process of imitating real-life occurrences in order to test a model.
Information and Software Technology
Purposes of Modelling and Simulations
Spreadsheets Financial Planner
s Car Manufacturer
s Training Simulato
rs Drilling Simulator
s Space Shuttle Mi
ssions Scientific Simulat
ions Astronomers
Information and Software Technology
Advantages and Limitations
Safer, cheaper and quicker to use a model.
More efficient and minor changes to the models can be easily altered.
Life Like?????
Information and Software Technology
Advantages and Limitations
Might be the only method for training (astronauts).
The simulation is only as good as the model that was created.
Information and Software Technology
Advantages and Limitations
Models are often too simplistic and lead to inaccurate results.
HW Page 178 Exercise 8.3 q’s 1-4
Information and Software Technology
Requirements of Models and Simulations
Hardware› Can take a lot of time to
build the required hardware.
› The hardware needs fast processing
› Parallel processing (linking of two or more processing units within the one computer) is often used.
› Large amounts of storage space is required.
Information and Software Technology
Requirements of Models and Simulations
Software› Required to carry out
complex computations.
› Specifically designed to suit the model.
Information and Software Technology
Simulators
A hardware device that imitates certain environments. Used for training and experiments to simulate movement.
Information and Software Technology
Simulators Flight
simulators› Used to train
pilots and provide realistic feelings of flying
› Has working replica of cockpit, computers, projectors and screens.
Information and Software Technology
Simulators Car simulators
› Good for learner drivers.
Virtual reality games› Users usually wear a
head-mounted display that presents computer images to each eye and sounds through earphones.
Homework Exercise 8.4 q’s 1 - 4
Information and Software Technology
Simulators
Information and Software Technology
Spreadsheets
If › Then› Else