LAB OF FABLAB

Página 1/12

OCE-Rev 1.0

WORK ON THE LASER CUTTER

1. INTRODUCTION

Laser cutting is a technique used to cut sheet metal parts characterized in that the energy

source is a laser that concentrates light on the work surface. In order to evacuate the cut

material necessary input from a pressurized gas such as oxygen, nitrogen or argon. It is

especially suitable for pre-cutting and trimming excess material can develop complex

contours on the pieces. The main advantages of this type of manufacturing parts can

mention that it is not necessary to have cutting dies and allows for adjustments silhouette.

Also among the advantages it can be mentioned that the robot drive is to keep the distance

between the electrode and the outer surface of the workpiece.

To highlight and unfavorable points can be mentioned that this procedure requires a high

investment in machinery and the more heat conductive the material, the more difficult it

will be to cut. The laser heat affects the metal but graduation is right does not leave flash.

The workpieces are preferred opaque and not polished because they reflect less. The most

common thicknesses vary between 0.5 and 6 mm for steel and aluminum. The most

common method for this power range between 3000 and 5000 W.

2. GOALS

1.- Making cut MDF material gears for a model of a torque multiplier reducer.

3. MATERIALS AND MACHINES

LASER CUTTER

MDF board

Design made in SolidWorks

4. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

• Mandatory safety equipment use

LAB OF FABLAB

Página 2/12

OCE-Rev 1.0

• Safe Work Analysis (ATS)

N°

TAREAS RIESGOS

IDENTIFICADOS MEDIDAS DE CONTROL DEL RIESGO

1 reception material hits Check that there are no obstacles to move

on the ground and we must be very careful.

2 Outlet when installing

the equipment.

Electric shock when

connecting the mower to the

source.

Check the condition of the electrical

connections before performing the lab.

3

design cut in the laser

cutter You can fire the laser

material

turn the compressed air to ventilate and

cool the material during cutting

4 Order and cleanliness aspiration of dust Carefully clean the waste

5. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION

Laser cutting beam (LBC) is a thermal cutting process that uses highly localized melting or

vaporization to cut the metal with the heat of a beam of coherent light, usually with the

assistance of a high pressure gas. assistance gas is used to remove molten matter and

volatilized in the laser beam path. With the process of laser beam can be cut metallic and

nonmetallic materials. The output beam is pulsed often very high peak powers in the cutting

process, increasing the propagation speed of the cutting operation.

The two most common types of industrial laser are carbon dioxide (CO2) and yttrium

aluminum garnet doped with neodymium (Nd: YAG). A CO2 laser uses a gaseous medium

to produce laser action while the Nd: YAG uses a crystalline material. The CO2 laser is

commercially available in powers up to 6 kW and Nd: YAG systems are available in up to

6kW.

If done with mechanized equipment, laser cuts provide highly reproducible results with

narrow widths of slots, minimal heat affected zones and virtually no distortion. The process

is flexible, easy to automate and offers high cutting speeds with excellent quality.

Equipment costs are high but are decreasing as the technology is less expensive resonators.

LAB OF FABLAB

Página 3/12

OCE-Rev 1.0

6. PROCEDURE

perform design and solar planetary gears in the SolidWorks software using small

formulas to determine the transmission ratio

Picture1. set plan view

Picture2. planetary gear

LAB OF FABLAB

Página 4/12

OCE-Rev 1.0

Picture3. planetary carrier

Picture4. crown

LAB OF FABLAB

Página 5/12

OCE-Rev 1.0

Picture5. Sun gear

Now these designs made SolidWorks the laser cutter will cut a single for performing this procedure:

1) We turn on the laser cutter in emergency button turning off and turning on the power stabilizers.

2) connect the computer to the cutter previously installed the driver of the cutter , send the file made in Corel Draw software with parameters :

- first of all we give verifying cleaning machine that runs the lens behaves well and have no problems , then clean the reflector and lens with a special liquid and one co swab given clean those parts for which there is no problem

- The line drawings should be fine When you open the printer dialog we enter preferences first give the dimensions of the plate are 966 x 630 mm and design seek the position and place position is relative, then we go to the position in the sheet and put this in part upper left.

- Now when we give the cutting parameters have put a speed 1 % , a power of 99 % and 1300 pmp . q these are values we give because we conducted a simple experiment before this and not realize that not cutting small power values and high values of speed, and low tbm if the number of keystrokes

- Once these parameters because we print and send the file to the cutter , once there we start and the cutter sends the file to cut.

These photos show the work done in the laser cutter

LAB OF FABLAB

Página 6/12

OCE-Rev 1.0

LAB OF FABLAB

Página 7/12

OCE-Rev 1.0

LAB OF FABLAB

Página 8/12

OCE-Rev 1.0

LAB OF FABLAB

Página 9/12

OCE-Rev 1.0

LAB OF FABLAB

Página 10/12

OCE-Rev 1.0

Pictures 6. These photos show the work done in the laser cutter as the planetary gear , the sun , the planet carrier and fasteners .

6.1 CALCULATION OF THE RATIO OF PLANETARY GEAR TRANSMISSION

6.2. Number of gear teeth

The first condition for a planetary gear work is that all teeth have the same module, or

the same circular pitch. This ensures that the teeth fit.

The second condition is:

R = 2 × P + S

Where:

A: Number of teeth on the crown.

S: Number of teeth on the planet (sun gear).

P: Number of teeth on the planet gears.

In our case we have:

Then the number of sprocket teeth should be:

LAB OF FABLAB

Página 11/12

OCE-Rev 1.0

R = 2 x 10 + 20 = 40 teeth

Picture7. Solar diameters, satellites and Crown

6.2. Gear ratio

Solve ratios of planetary gear train can be a bit tricky. Let's use the following

nomenclature:

Tr: rotational speed of the crown

Ts: Speed of rotation of the planet

Ty: Rotation speed of the planet carrier

A: Teeth Crown

S: Teeth planet

Q: Teeth of each satellite

to. The transmission ratio is as follows:

(R + S) × Ty = Tr + Ts × R × S

Now in our case, the crown will be fixed and Tr = 0, we have the following

(R + S) × Ty = Ts × S

What we are interested in this formula is the output speed, the speed of the planet carrier

marrow

T = Ts x (S / (R + S))

Where (S / (R + S)) is the transmission ratio

RT = (S / (R + S))

LAB OF FABLAB

Página 12/12

OCE-Rev 1.0

RT = (20 / (40 + 20))

RT = 1/3

From this it concludes that:

T = Ts / 3

The output speed of the planet carrier is a third the speed of the site.

9. OBSERVATIONS

It was observed during cutting the material encinde and therefore it is

necessary to use air to ventilate and reduce the problem of lighting the

material.

it was observed that it has to regulate the parameters at 100% power pulses

1300 and 2% speed so that the laser can cut the material

Cutting Experience in the second , we have to denote to be cut by an order of size from small pieces of a big piece , because when we did cut backwards and jump nua of parts by cutting with laser yse I burn a little . Therefore, one can not do paragraph maneuvers not spoil the machine

11. BIBLIOGRAFÍA

Fabricacón de piezas por deformación plàstica y por sinterizado - Escola Técnica Superior

d´Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona - Universidad Politecnica de Catalunya.

Cayetano Sierra Alcolea, Lluis Costa Herrero, Irene Buj Corral, Joan Vivancos

Calvet