Project(Public Works) and Responsibility Break Down Structure

With Regard to: An Engineering Infrastructure Development Project in Nepal

Er. Bhim Upadhyaya

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Engineer & Engioneering "Engineering is a great profession. There is the

satisfaction of watching a figment of the imagination emerge through the aid of science to a plan on paper. then it moves to realization in stone or metal or energy. then it brings homes to men or women. then it elevates the standard of living and adds to the comforts of life. this is the engineer's high privilege."

-Herbert Hoover (Er.) 31st President, USA2

Engineer & Engineering"The great liability of the engineer compared to men

of other professions is that his works are out in the open where all can see them. His acts, step by step, are in hard substance. He cannot bury his mistakes in the grave like the doctors. He cannot argue them into thin air or blame the judge like the lawyers. He cannot, like the architects, cover his failures with trees and vines. He cannot, like the politicians, screen his short-comings by blaming his opponents and hope the people will forget. The engineer simply cannot deny he did it. If his works do not work, he is damned."

-Herbert Hoover, Engineer & 31st President, USA3

Engineering"The story of civilization is, in a sense, the story of engineering- that long and arduous struggle to make the forces of nature work for man's good."

--L Sprange DeCamp4

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Lecture Content1. Project: definition, cycle, party

& phases2. Work Break-down Structure:

Tool and benefits3. Project Practice: Rural Infras.4. Responsibility Break-down5. Some relevant photographs

What is a Project(Public Works)?A Project has the following

attributes… Objective or GoalTimeCostLocation or space; andA Team-work of experts

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A Project has mainly 3+1 Stakeholders: 4C's

1.Client (or Employer) 2.Consultant (or Engineer)3.Contractor (or Consumer

Group)4.Consumer

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Project Phases1. Study (Data collection & Need)2. Design Phase (Detailing for Goal)3. Development Phase (Input-

Output Mngt.)4. Operation Phase (Service Mngt.)

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What: Work Breakdown Structure?This tool is related to planning and scheduling a project. Basically it is a functional decomposition of the tasks of the project.

The total work of the project is broken down into the major subtasks. It starts with the end objective required and successively subdividing it into manageable components in terms of size and complexity: program, project, system, subsystem, components, tasks, subtasks, and work elements.

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Why: Project Work Breakdown?…1/5

Dividing major works into smaller, manageable components– Improve accuracy of cost, time, and resource

estimates– Define a baseline for performance measurement– Clear responsibility assignments– Critical to project success – reduces risk of higher

cost, redundancy, time delays, and poor productivity– Defines “what” you are doing; –WBS ( work Break-down Structure is the

tool)10

Tools & Techniques:

– Work Breakdown Structure – templates from previous projects

– Decomposition – subdividing major deliverables into manageable components

– Gantt, CPM, PERT

How: Project Work Breakdown?…2/5

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Work Break Down Structure

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Gantt Chart

CPM

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A deliverable-oriented grouping of project assignments that organizes and defines the scope of the project

• Each descending level represents further detail; smaller and more manageable pieces

• Each item is assigned a unique identifier collectively known as “code of accounts”

• Work element descriptions included in a WBS dictionary (work, schedule and planning information)

• Other formats:– Contractual WBS – seller provides the buyer– Organizational (OBS) – work elements to specific org. units– Resource (RBS) – work elements to individuals– Bill of Materials (BOM) – hierarchical view of physical resources– Project (PBS) – similar to WBS

How: Project Work Breakdown…3/5

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Outputs: Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)• First Level is commonly the same at the Project Life Cycle

(requirements, design, coding, testing, conversion and operation)

• First level is completed before the project is broken down further

• Each level of the WBS is a smaller segment of level above• Work toward the project deliverables• Break down project into tasks that

– Are realistically and confidently estimable– Cannot be logically divided further– Can be completed quickly – Have a meaningful conclusion and deliverable– Can be completed without interruption

• Provides foundation for all project planning and control

Levels: Project Work Breakdown…4/5

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• Prevent work slippage• Project team understands how their tasks fit into the

overall project and their impact upon the project• Facilitates communication and cooperation between

project team and stakeholders• Helps prevent changes• Focuses team experience into what needs to be done

– results in higher quality• Basis and proof for estimating staff, cost and time• Gets team buy-in, role identification• Graphical picture of the project hierarchy• Identifies all tasks, project foundation

Benefits: Project Work Breakdown…5/5

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18 18

Rural Hou'ng

Irrig'n

RuralEle'city

Solid Waste

Drink.Water

SocialInfras

Rural Transport

LocalInfras

Seven Sectors of Local

Infrastructure Nepal

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PROJECT MGMT(Input & Output)

PROCUREMENTMGMT,Goods, works,

services

FINANCIALMGMT

CONTRACTMGMT

QLTY/LABMGMT

SITE MGMT

PROJECT Management Breakdown

TechnicalAudit

QAP

WORK PLAN paymentin time

DISBURSEMENT

Reporting

Mobilization

Insurance

Claim & Refund

Detail Project Report•Selection, Walkover

•EIRR,IEE, Resettlement•Land Acquisition

•Detail Survey, Design•Estimate Approval

ContractorsRBG, VIUGConsultants

CONSTRUCTIONMGMT

Public Works PartiesClient or Employer

Engineers or Consultants

Contractor or Builder

or UC

Client+Contractor+Consultant

Contractor or UC

Client + Engineer

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Standard 3 party Int'l Practice for large Works 2 Party Nepali(Local Body) Practice

for small and medium sized Works

Phases of Public Works

Works

Precons-truction

Phase

Construction Phase

Operation and Maintenance

Phase

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PreconstructionPhase

Preparationor

Design

Procurement or

Tendering

Contractingor

Agreement

Procurement

Goods Services Works

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ConstructionPhase

Supervision;'kl/j]If0f

Completion Verificationhf+rkf;

Closing &Handing Over

km/kmf/s

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3 Parties Mutual Check and Balance

Project Manager or Client'sRepresentative

Consultant

Contractor25

Supervisory Hierarchy26

Client

ProjectManager

Engineer

Field Supervisor

Labor

Supervisonof Works

Process(Quality

System or control)

Payment(Cost

Control: directindirect)

Time(Progress)

Performance(Output)

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Aspects

Scheduling, Gantt, CPM, PERTDrawing, Specification, Lab Tests, Qualified Supervisors

ConstructionSupervison

Money(Finance,Account)

Men(Labor,

Consultants)

Machine(Equipments,

Tools)

Materials(Site Store,Quarry,Fuel)

Components28

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Road ill-designed and in Disrepair

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•Poor-Maintenance and hardships

•12,000km un-operational road

Good Quality works in progress30

3131

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Road Construction Technologies

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Lab Facility

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More than 12000 such TB Required

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Thank You

bhimupadhyaya@gmail.com