INFSCI 00102015 Summer Term

LEC2.ppt

Becoming Skilled at Information Technology

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IS 0010 - Summer 2015

Tentative Schedule Week of

(Monday)

1 11-May x Introduction

2 18-May x CH 1 Information Technology

3 25-May Memorial Day (no classes)4 28-Jan CH 2 Human-Computer Interface

5 1-Jun CH 3 Newtorking

6 8-Jun CH 4 HTML

7 15-Jun Computers

8 22-Jun9 29-Jun

10 6-Jul11 13-Jul12 20-Jul13 27-Jul Final work due

Memorial Day

• No class next week, May 25 Memorial Day holiday

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Current assignment summary

• Bring an INFSCI article to each class– Due: each class … (ref LEC1)

• Start reading the text– Due: before the exam … (ref LEC1)

• Watch “Code Wars” video– http://www.cnbc.com/id/42210831– Due: before the exam … (ref LEC1)

• Exam questions assignment– Due: one week before the exam … (ref LEC2)

• Bring in extra Net Neutrality articles– Due: class after Memorial Day break, in two weeks on 7/1/2015 … (ref LEC2)

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Textbook reading

• Textbook: Fluency with Information Technology, 6th Edition, by Lawrence Snyder

• Start reading chapter 1

• Continue reading: read ch 2,3,4 +++ (TBA)

• Due: finish reading before the exam

• The reading list will be updated during the term

New Assignment• Read text Chapter 1 and create 6 “exam questions”

– 2 fill in the blank– 2 true/false– 2 multiple choice• Do the same for current reading chapters 1,2,3,4 ++ etc.

• Create 1 short essay style discussion question that can be from any of the chapters or from the class lectures. Note: You do not need to do this for each chapter, just make only 1 question from any chapter or lecture.

• Answer each question within the question. For example, if it is fill in the blank, then fill in the blank with the answer.

• Do this for each assigned reading chapter. Keep everything together in a word processing file and turn in a hardcopy printout of your questions one week before the exam.

• Do a professional job• Due date: Hand in a hardcopy printout of your computer

printout with chapter questions one week before the exam

Exam question goals

• Develop fluency with a word processor

• Review chapter material

• How to study for the exam. What will exam questions be like?

• Not a difficult assignment – use extra time to develop fluency skills …

• Some of your questions will be included on the exam.

Assignment: Net Neutrality articles(new assignment)

Net neutrality article assignment:

 

Bring in two or more articles related to net neutrality. Select articles that:

 

(1) Define net neutrality.

(2) Include articles that describe key current and future events relative to the topic.

(3) Include articles that discuss the pros/cons and different viewpoints on the topic.

(4) Underline the parts of the articles that are applicable, you do not need to add any written commentary (but you can if you want to).

(5) Write NET NEUTRALITY on the top of the page

 

Notes:

 

(1) Staple your net neutrality articles together, but do not staple them to your regular weekly article.

(2) You will be given a “check mark” for completing this assignment.

(3) Submit this assignment in class in two weeks. Do not submit via email.

(4) Make a duplicate copy of your work to keep for yourself.

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Pitt Software

• Check for available Pitt student software

• Pitt software– Microsoft package

• Computer labs• http://www.technology.pitt.edu/software.html

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Box for Pitt

• Pitt offers a free box account

• Store your files on Box for Pitt?• http://technology.pitt.edu/service/box-frequently-asked-questions

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Articles

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Verizon to acquire AOLMay 18,2015

• http://www.businessinsider.com/verizon-aol-and-facebook-instant-articles-content-is-king-in-tech-again-2015-5

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How the AOL-Time Warner Merger Went So Wrong

• In Retrospect How the AOL-Time Warner Merger Went So Wrong – NY TIMES• http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/11/business/media/11merger.html?pagewanted=all• By TIM ARANGO Published: January 10, 2010 • A decade ago, America Online merged with Time Warner in a deal valued at a stunning

$350 billion. It was then, and is now, the largest merger in American business history. • The Internet, it was believed, was soon to vaporize mainstream media business

models on the spot. America Online’s stock price made it worth twice as much as Time Warner’s with less than half the cash flow.

• When the deal was announced on Jan. 10, 2000, Stephen M. Case, a co-founder of AOL, said, “This is a historic moment in which new media has truly come of age.” His counterpart at Time Warner, the philosopher chief executive Gerald M. Levin, who was fond of quoting the Bible and Camus, said the Internet had begun to “create unprecedented and instantaneous access to every form of media and to unleash immense possibilities for economic growth, human understanding and creative expression.”

• The trail of despair in subsequent years included countless job losses, the decimation of retirement accounts, investigations by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Justice Department, and countless executive upheavals. Today, the combined values of the companies, which have been separated, is about one-seventh of their worth on the day of the merger.

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Telephonem o _ o _ o _ y

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Metadata

• One definition of metadata is information about other information. An example of metadata is a card catalog in a library, giving information about books.

• http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2013/08/22/214172709/how-a-look-at-your-gmail-reveals-the-power-of-metadata

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What is the difference between the Internet and the web?

• http://netforbeginners.about.com/od/internet101/f/the_difference_between_internet_and_web.htm

• The Internet is named for "interconnection of computer networks". It is a massive hardware combination of millions of personal, business, and governmental computers, all connected like roads and highways.

• The World Wide Web, or "Web" for short, is that large software subset of the Internet dedicated to broadcasting HTML pages. The Web is viewed by web browsers.

Chapter 1

• I have always wished for my computer to be as easy to use as my telephone; my wish has come true I can no longer figure out how to use my telephone. BJARNE STROUP, 2011, INVENTOR of C++

• It would appear that we has {as a society] reached the limits of what it is possible to achieve with computer technology, although one should be careful with such statements as they tend to sound pretty silly in five years. JOHN VON NEUMANN, 1947, COMPUTER PIONEER

ARM processor chip

• ARM – Advanced RISC machine

• RISC – Reduced Instruction Set Computing

• Computers are everywhere. Laptops, tablets, smart phones, music players … wireless mics, anti-lock brakes, TV remotes, credit card readers, microwaves, the WII, etc

• The iPhone has ARMs

Punched card

• A punched card (or punch card or Hollerith card or IBM card), is a piece of stiff paper that contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions. Now almost an obsolete recording medium, punched cards were widely used throughout the 19th century for controlling textile looms and in the late 19th and early 20th century for operating fairground organs and related instruments. They were used through the 20th century in unit record machines for input, processing, and data storage. Early digital computers used punched cards, often prepared using keypunch machines, as the primary medium for input of both computer programs and data. Some voting machines use punched cards.

Jacquard loom(ref: wiki)

• Punched cards were first used around 1725 by Basile Bouchon and Jean-Baptiste Falcon (fr) as a more robust form of the perforated paper rolls then in use for controlling textile looms in France. This technique was greatly improved by Joseph Marie Jacquard in his Jacquard loom in 1801.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hq7jiN7mmnk• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TyhDkd8Iabs

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Hollerinth• Herman Hollerinth is generally credited with the first “production” application

of digital information.

• Hollerinth won a government contest to devise a way to speed up the census process.

• The 1880 census took 8 years to complete. The 1890 census using Hollerinth punch cards took 1 year.

• Hollerith’s cards were roughly the size of the paper money in circulation in 1890. That let him use existing currency drawers, bins, and boxes to organize and process the 60 million census cards.

• Reference: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/census-tabulator.html

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Information storage• How do devices store information?

– Hollerith (1890 census)– Paper tape– Punch cards– Magnetic tape– Hard Disk– Solid State Drive– USB drive– CD random access– Video Tape sequential access– Vinyl record

– CED? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance_Electronic_Disc

(analog video disc)

Hollerith punch cardFirst “production” application of digital information? - 1890

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Paper tape• Telegraphs once captured information as visible marks

on long paper strips that were decoded by a telegraph operator. This later changed to perforations, which machinery was able to make and read mechanically. Early computers used paper tape I/O (Input/Output)

Magnetic tape

Audio Recording

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Betamax vs VHSFormat wars

• http://www.t3.com/features/betamax-to-blu-ray-famous-format-wars

Hard disk• On each of the platters there is a thin layer of magnetic

film. Data storage on hard disks is very similar to that of a cassette tape. Data is stored in many 1's and 0's. These binary digits are arranged in different ways to represent different characters. When these are read back by the head the data is retrieved and processed.

• Voice-coil actuators use a solenoid to pull the heads toward the centre of the platter.

Floppy Disk

• The design that became the popular 5¼ inch disk was inspired by the size of a cocktail napkin. Because the drive could fit in a PC, it revolutionized personal data storage.

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Flash memory

• EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) • A flash drive is a storage device that uses flash memory. Flash memory is

non-volatile. It can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. Thus it becomes a type of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, referred to as EEPROM. Flash drives (SSD Solid State Drive) are similar in nature to conventional hard drives. They can replace these hard drives.

• Flash memory uses a method called tunneling to save and erase data. In tunneling, a voltage is applied that causes electrons to be pushed and trapped, creating a negative charge which remains, even when the power is removed. The cell sensor inside the flash memory device controls and monitors the tunneling process. If the charge flow is above the 50 percent threshold, it has a value of 1. When the trapped charge is dropped below the 50-percent threshold, the value changes to 0.

• Nothing moves mechanically in a flash drive

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CDs - Bumps and pits – 1 and 0

• Digital recording

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Early Sound Recording•

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Record grooves

• Analog recording

Moore’s Law

• Original: The law is named after Intel co-founder Gordon E. Moore, who described the trend in his 1965 paper. The paper noted that number of components in integrated circuits had doubled every year from the invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 until 1965

• Popular revised:"The number of transistors on a chip will double every 18 months."

Analog• Analog waves have three important characteristics. The

first is the height of the wave, called amplitude. The second characteristic is the length of the wave, usually expressed as the number of waves per second, or frequency. The third characteristic is the phase, which refers to the direction in which the wave begins.

• Note: wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency

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