Ingles aula 9

CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO

www.pontodosconcursos.com.br

-1-

AULA 9

LOOKING BACK ON PREVIOUS LESSONS U.S. Wants WTO Ministerial Meeting After Session in Hong Kong Washington - U.S. Trade Representative Rob Portman is urging countries to advance the long-stalled World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations at the December Hong Kong ministerial meeting and asserted that trade ministers should meet again soon after to keep the negotiations on track. "I believe we ought to have another meeting," Portman said November 22 5 at a press conference in Geneva. "Without a meeting, without setting up sort of a backstop, it’s tough to make progress … We need to continue to push, keep the pressure on, to meet the end of 2006 deadline." Portman made the comments after meeting with ministers from Brazil, the European Union (EU), India and Japan. 10 Launched in 2001 and stalled almost from the start over politically difficult agricultural trade issues, the negotiations, formally called the Doha Development Agenda, were originally scheduled to conclude in 2005. Since then, participants have pressed for conclusion by December 2006, which would give the United States time to submit any agreement to Congress 15 before the president’s negotiating authority, called trade promotion authority or fast track, expires in mid-2007. When the United States submitted an agriculture proposal October 10 to substantially reduce domestic support payments to farmers and tariffs, Portman said the aim was to revive chances for the December 13-18 Hong Kong meeting 20 to set the modalities -- the details and deadlines -- necessary for concluding the negotiations a year later. That aim was frustrated, however, when a subsequent EU agriculture proposal was found by other participants to offer no real increased market access. Outside the EU, food-importing developed countries and major 25 developing countries issued statements rejecting market-opening concessions. Still, at the November 22 press conference Portman said that, although the Hong Kong ministerial will not establish modalities, the United States remains committed to concluding an agreement with real substance. "While expectations for Hong Kong have been lowered, and while Hong 30 Kong will not be all we had hoped it would be," he said, "the U.S. continues to have very high expectations." (By Bruce Odessey Washington File Staff Writer)Visit http://usinfo.state.gov



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -2- Pre-testing Vocabulary No quadro seguinte você encontra transparent words associadas a outras não tão evidentes. Faça o skimming do texto e, sem dicionário, tente traduzi-las.

A B 1. the long-stalled negotiations a. ( ) instalar um tipo de proteção 2. keep the negotiations on track b. ( ) comprometidos em fechar o acordo 3. setting up sort of a backstop c. ( ) as expectativas diminuíram 4. committed to concluding an agreement d. ( ) negociações há muito emperradas 5. expectations have been lowered e. ( ) manter as negociações nos eixos

ANALYSIS OF TEXT 1 1. Escreva um exemplo retirado do text 1 nos Verb tenses below: Present continuous ____________________________________________ Present simple _________________________________________________ Past simple ___________________________________________________ Present perfect _________________________________________________ Future Simple __________________________________________________ Past perfect ____________________________________________________ 2. Escreva dois exemplos de construções na voz passive: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. Como você traduz a expressão em negrito no seguinte

fragmento do texto?: “the United States remains committed to concluding an agreement

with real substance…” (L- 28/29) ________________________________________________________________



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -3- Reading Comprehension – Answer in Portuguese: 1. Após reunir-se com representantes do Brasil, da Europa do Japão por que

Rob Portman sugere uma nova reunião após Hong Kong? _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Porque motivo as negociações sobre comércio travaram logo depois de seu

início em 2001? _________________________________________________________________________ 3. Quais os motivos que reduzem consideravelmente as chances de sucesso da

reunião dos ministros do comércio em Hong Kong? _________________________________________________________________________ 4. A expressão ‘Since then’ (L 14) está usada no texto para indicar o quê? _________________________________________________________________________ 5. Que idéia indica a palavra ‘still’ (L-27) como marcadora do discurso? _________________________________________________________________________ 6. Que idéia indica a palavra ‘while’ (L-30) como marcadora do discurso? _________________________________________________________________________ 7. É possível parafrasear o fragmento ‘the long-stalled WTO negotiations…”

(L-2) da seguinte forma: The WTO negotiations that have not advanced for a long time. True ( ) or False ( )?

8. In "I believe we ought to have another meeting," (L-5) o modal verb

“ought to” pode ser substituído por “should” sem prejuízo do sentido. True ( ) or False ( )?



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -4-

WORD FORMS: PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES É fundamental que você acredite no estudo que vem realizando. Se você chega à AULA 9 de um curso programado para dez aulas e não é capaz de pôr em prática os ensinamentos ministrados, de duas uma: ou não está estudando suficientemente ou ao professor falta demonstrar o encadeamento didático do material apresentado. Well (faltava um well), desta vez vamos fazer um verdadeiro ‘affix rally’ –juntar prefixos e sufixos num estudo abrangente. No final desta aula disponibilizamos uma coletânea com os principais AFFIXES para sua referência. Não deixe de estudá-los para o simulado que vamos propor após a AULA 10. Com o propósito de lhes dar maior confiança neste estudo vamos repassar vários exemplos de palavras com formação prefixal e sufixal no texto 1. First, em ministerial meeting, a reunião dos trade ministers (=ministros do comércio), evidentemente ministerial pertence à família da palavra minister e você chega ao significado em português com facilidade. Em WTO negotiations (= negociações da OMC) o substantivo negotiations pertence à família do verbo regular negotiate, do adjetivo negotiable, ou do seu antônimo non-negotable, e vai por aí. Em press conference (= conferência de imprensa), conference é substantivo derivado do verbo regular confer. Na expressão keep the pressure on (=manter a pressão sobre) você tem o substantivo pressure, da mesma família do verbo regular press (= pressionar) e do substantivo press (= imprensa) supracitado. Em politically difficult =(= politicamente difíceis) aí esta o advérbio com a terminação –mente de que tanto falamos. No fragmento ‘participants have pressed for conclusion’, o substantivo participants (= participantes) é da mesma família do verbo regular participate, e conclusion (= conclusão) da mesma família do verbo regular conclude. Em ‘submit any agreement’, tem-se o substantivo agreement (= acordo) formado com o acréscimo do sufixo –ment ao regular verb to agree. Você reconhece em ‘agriculture proposal’ o substantive proposal (= proposta) derivado de o regular verb to propose? Last but not least, observe em ‘expectations lowered’, ambas as palavras podem ser dissecadas: expectations vem do verbo expect e lowered, particípio passado do verbo to lower (= diminuir). Como você percebe os prefixos e sufixos aparecem dezenas de vezes em textos de todas as espécies. Familiarize-se sempre mais com eles e sua leitura será indubitavelmente mais fluente.Faça os exercícios que se seguem e procure traduzir as frases curtas. No final confronte seu trabalho com minha tradução.



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -5- I - Use the prefixes in the box to complete the sentences below:

IL- IR IM IN UN 1. The witness’s account of the facts was rather ___-accurate. 2. I’m not going to do it because it’s against the law. It’s ___-legal. 3. We all expect judges to be ____-partial. 4. As the leader, he had to take ____-popular decisions. 5. I was drawn to the place by some kind of ____-resistible force. II - Use the prefixes in the box to complete the sentences below:

MIS- DIS- NON- IN- UN- 1. Don’t cheat on the exam or you’ll be ___-qualified. 2. Make a decision. Why do you always have to be so ___-decisive? 3. She’s been feeling so ___-sure. 4. There must some ___-understanding. This is not what I meant. 5. Mr. Lombard said he worked for a ___-profit organization. III - Add the suffixes in the box to the nouns in parentheses.

-ISH -ABLE -OUS -IC -IVE 1. Doctor Sales found out that Julia was _________ (allergy) to penicillin. 2. You have to read the _________ (class) authors. 3. Share your room with your cousin. Be less _________ (self), Gene. 4. That snake is _________ (poison). Be careful. 5. Freddy’s business is very _________ (profit). IV - Add the suffixes in the box to the nouns in parentheses.

-FUL -IBLE -LY -AL -Y 1. Samantha has a _________ (love) child. 2. Because of Julia’s hypertension she can’t eat _________ (salt) food. 3. We have to remain ________ (watch) so that another robbery does not

happen again. 4. I hated that scene. It was _________ (horror). 5. My father loves _________ (class) music.




VOCABULARY BUILD UP Para fins didáticos dividi o artigo “Unleashing Growth Through Sound Developing Policies” (Promovendo o Crescimento através de Políticas de Desenvolvimento Saudáveis) em dez excerpts. Como lhes disse antes este é o tipo do exercício que cada um pode preparar a seu bel prazer. Eight words have been removed from the excerpts. Complete with the words from the box paying attention to the meaning and structure of the mini-texts. Mini-text 1: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies

sponsored business gather join accomplished successful pledged key

In September 2000, 189 nations agreed to ____________ (1) forces in a fight against poverty, illiteracy, hunger, lack of education, gender inequality, child and maternal mortality, disease, and environmental degradation. These countries, including the United States, __________ (2) to take bold decisions to make development a reality for all nations. On September 14, 2005, five years after that historic meeting, leaders from more than 170 nations will ____________ (3) at the United Nations in New York City to take measure of the progress made to date. While much remains to be __________ (4), the progress has been substantial. The 2000 meeting gave the political impetus for reform, but it was two years later, at the 2002 United Nations-___________ (5) International Conference on Financing for Development held in Mexico, that leaders agreed to the definitive framework for ___________ (6) development called the Monterrey Consensus. At that meeting, developing countries and donors alike, with input from civil society and the __________ (7) community, embraced good governance, domestic ownership of development strategies, trade, and private investment as ___________ (8) elements of economic growth and prosperity. (By Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt I)



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -7- Mini-text 2: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies

nearly eradication sustainable corruption beyond mechanisms assistance industrialized

In Africa, for example, many leaders are now working through the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) process, linking poverty ___________ (1) to policies that promote ___________ (2) growth and trade, good governance, and the fight against the pernicious evil of __________ (3). For its part, the United States has increased its official development assistance (ODA) even _________ (4) President Bush’s 2002 Monterrey pledge. Since 2000, American assistance has __________ (5) doubled, rising from $10 billion to $19 billion in 2004. That constitutes one-quarter of the ODA from the 30 ___________ (6) member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. History has shown, however, that the amount of development __________ (7) is less important than the uses to which it is put and the implementation __________ (8) used to carry out programs. It is essential, therefore, that increases in ODA be matched by increases in effectiveness and sustainability. (By Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 2) Mini-text 3: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies

sources growth donations commitment assistance figures contributions institutions

Countries that have proven their ___________ (1) to change and reform, governing justly, investing in their people, and maintaining policies and ___________ (2) that support market-led ___________ (3) will receive billions of dollars in the coming years from another of President Bush's initiatives: the Millennium Challenge Corporation. But the United States gives far more development ___________ (4) than is reflected in ODA statistics. ___________ (5) from the private sector, for example, whether corporations, private voluntary organizations, or nongovernmental organizations, are not counted as official development assistance. And yet these private ___________ (6) of capital account for a large percentage of what the people of the United States contribute to development every year. According to ___________ (7) released by the Hudson Institute, a nonpartisan policy research organization, U.S. private ___________ (8) to developing countries exceeded $62 billion in 2003. (By Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 3)




relief partners development further resources failure achievement advantage

The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has tried to take __________ (1) of these new sources of development assistance in recent years, joining forces with socially responsible private sector organizations in our Global Development Alliance. Since 2002, we have invested $1 billion in 290 public-private alliances in 98 countries, while our private sector _________ (2) have contributed more than $3.7 billion in total __________ (3). Too often, humanitarian ____________ (4) has been treated as if it were somehow separate from development and the ___________ (5) of the goals set forth in the 2000 Millennium Declaration. It is not. The ___________ (6) to respond to food emergencies in countries in Africa and elsewhere can only lead to ___________ (7) instability and make their ____________ (8) even more difficult. (By Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 4) Mini-text 5: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies

founder path respond health conflict totals separate family

Too often, humanitarian relief has been treated as if it were somehow __________ (1) from development and the achievement of the goals set forth in the 2000 Millennium Declaration. It is not. The failure to __________ (2) to food emergencies in countries in Africa and elsewhere can only lead to further instability and make their development even more difficult. To help states caught up in crisis and _________(3) return to stability and put their economies on the _________ (4) to sustained growth, President Bush recently announced that the United States will provide an additional $674 million for humanitarian emergencies in Africa this year. This is beyond the approximately $1.4 billion already committed. As a ___________ (5) and largest donor of the Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, the United States also provided $459 million to the fund in 2004. The U.S. contribution for all of its HIV/AIDS programs __________ (6) more than $2.8 billion in the current fiscal year. In addition, we provide approximately $435 million annually for voluntary _________ (7) planning and maternal __________ (8) care to 60 countries. (By Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 5)




experience considerable wealth mission revenues articulated poverty agency

Achieving the goals __________ (1) in the Millennium Declaration is very much in the interests of the United States and central to the mission of USAID. As the first-ever bilateral development _________ (2) - and still the largest - we have had ___________ (3) stake in the process and more than 40 years of __________ (4) in what works and what does not. That is why we put so much emphasis on economic growth. Simply put: Without trade, there can be no sustained economic growth. Without economic growth, there will be no increase in tax __________ (5) to support improved public services. Without growth and services, there will be no increase in _________ (6) and reduction in ___________ (7) Unless foreign aid contributes to economic growth, it is failing to achieve its primary __________ (8). (By Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 6) Mini-text 7: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies

debt components forefront benefit owed liberalization incomes reach

There are several __________ (1) of a successful economic growth program. One of the most important, we have learned, is trade. The United States has long led the world in trade __________ (2), and USAID devotes substantial resources to helping countries participate successfully in trade negotiations and enter the World Trade Organization (WTO). Liberalizing trade laws and participating fully in the global economy does not just __________ (3) developed countries. The completion of the WTO Doha Development Round could add $200 billion annually to developing countries’ __________ (4) and lift more than 500 million people out of poverty. For several years, the United States has been at the __________ (5) of the movement to ease the Third World’s __________ (6) burdens. The United States and other G8 countries have called for 100 percent cancellation of many debt obligations __________ (7) to the World Bank, the African Development Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. This could result in approximately $40 billion in immediate debt relief - and it could __________ (8) more than $56 billion if all the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries become eligible. (By Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 7)




mobilized estimates property assets immense inability borders tapped

Another __________ (1) source of potential revenue for the developing countries of the world lies within their own __________ (2). The report of the U.N. Commission on the Private Sector and Development - Unleashing Entrepreneurship: Making Business Work for the Poor - __________ (3) that developing countries have $9.4 trillion dollars in private financial __________ (4) that cannot be fully __________ (5) for development, largely because of corruption and inadequate legal protections for __________ (6) and contracts. Further, as the Peruvian economist Hernando de Soto has shown in a number of his works, the _________ (7) of millions of Third World people to capitalize on their homes and businesses due to overly rigid property and titling regulations suggests that a great reservoir of wealth remains to be __________ (8) in many developing nations. (By Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 8) Mini-text 9: Unleashing Growth through Sound Developing Policies

wealthiest fostering devised enforce consumers competitive goals confidence

A ____________ (1), well-regulated private market is indispensable because it is the most effective institution ever ____________ (2) for allocating resources efficiently, for ____________ (3) innovation, and for communicating information that helps ____________ (4) and producers make decisions. It is no coincidence that the ____________ (5) and most developed countries of the world are all free market democracies. Regulatory frameworks that build _____________ (6) in private markets, protect property, ____________ (7) contracts, and generally respect the rule of law are essential if developing nations are to achieve the ____________ (8) of the Millennium Declaration. (By Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 9)




debating barriers blazed persistence choices register basic challenge

According to a World Bank study, in one developing country, it takes 203 days to ____________ (1) a business, while in another enforcing a contract takes 1,459 days. With ____________ (2) to business formation and entrepreneurship such as these, businesses remain small and in the informal sector. There is no point in ____________ (3) whether official development assistance should be $68 billion or $100 billion or $195 billion when the most ____________ (4) policies for generating wealth are not in place. Ending poverty is a serious ____________ (5). Building effective and equitable economic institutions takes time, ____________ (6), and reform. Policies must be put in place to safeguard the most vulnerable members of society. The good news is that many countries have already ____________ (7) a trail and that the United States and the international community will help those prepared to help themselves. With the right ____________ (8), we have a good chance of reaching the goals we set for ourselves at Monterrey and in the Millennium Declaration. (By Andrew Natsios – USAID Administrator // Excerpt 10)




LIGHTEN UP!

I – ANGUISHED LOVER An elderly man was sitting on a park bench in tears. A police officer came up and asked him what was wrong. “I’m 85 years old,” sobbed the man. “I have a 25-year-old wife at home. She is beautiful, charming and madly in love with me.” “So what's the problem?” “I can't remember where I live!” (Tom Pennington in Louisville Courier Journal)

II - A GEM OF AN IDEA A parable told by William Cunningham, education adviser to Gov. George Deukmejian of California: A man was out walking in the desert when a voice said to him, “Pick up some pebbles and put them in your pocket, and tomorrow you will he both sorry and glad.” The man obeyed. He stooped down and picked up a handful of pebbles and put them in his pocket. The next morning he reached into his pocket and found diamonds and rubies and emeralds. And he was both glad and sorry. Glad that he had taken some - sorry that he hadn't taken more. And so it is with education. Which one did you like better: the old man’s joke in I or the parable in II? Why? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________




WARM UP FOR MOCK TEST The mock test (=exame simulado) date is drawing near. Do the next questions as if they were part of your exam. Good Luck! Read the text below then choose the best option to answer questions 1 to 4 Meetings Fail To Advance WTO Negotiations, U.S. Officials Say Washington – December’s trade ministers meeting in Hong Kong should continue work toward consensus even though key parties have failed again to produce a framework for concluding the long-stalled World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations, U.S. Trade Representative Rob Portman says. Portman and U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Mike Johanns said that WTO participants should keep working hard to make progress before the Hong Kong meeting. The two officials November 9 conducted a teleconference with reporters in the United States from aboard an airplane carrying them from Geneva to Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, where they are scheduled to meet with sub-Saharan African officials to discuss cotton trade. He said the United States still intends to push hard for consensus over the coming weeks. And Johanns called premature any notion of ending the negotiations, which are formally called the Doha Development Agenda. "It would be a grave mistake to declare this round at an end at the Hong Kong meeting," Johanns said. "There is still an entire year ahead of us when we can work aggressively to have a successful Doha round, and we are committed to doing that." (By Bruce Odessey, Washington File Staff Writer) Visit: http://usinfo.state.gov/ei/Archive/2005/Nov09-445315.html 1. In relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations the

author says that a) trade ministers will hardly reach a consensus in Hong Kong. b) they have not advanced for quite a while. c) will rely on the trade ministers’ consensus. d) depend on the production of a framework. e) may progress in Hong Kong at last.



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -14- 2. It’s possible to infer as to the Doha round that it a) should depend on the Hong Kong meeting. b) might bring some progress. c) will fail to produce expected results. d) might be canceled. e) should be held in December 2006. 3. The expression “even though” (L-2), 1st pr. indicates a) addition and could be replaced by moreover b) emphasis and could be replaced by indeed. c) concession and could be replaced by although. d) purpose and could be replaced by thus. e) contrast and could be replaced by nevertheless. 4. According to the two American officials a) key parties won’t be able to produce the appropriate framework for the

Doha round of negotiations. b) just the Secretary of Agriculture a and a U.S. trade representative are not

enough to reflect the North American policy on this issue. c) WTO participants should strive to make progress before the trade

ministers’ meeting in Hong Kong. d) the atmosphere preceding the Hong Kong meeting is one of undeniable

pessimism about reaching any consensus. e) demonstrated they are somewhat helpless to combat the key parties

failure to work toward consensus.




Alguns comentários antes do gabarito Se você é bom observador notou que nesta nona aula procuramos repassar variados pontos. Tenha em mente que, a não ser em textos adaptados, nenhum autor escreve um determinado essay, article ou report para que se estude o present simple, o past tense, present perfect, prepositions, passive voice, etc. O autor escreve para passar sua mensagem, para discorrer sobre determinado assunto. Como você viu no text 1 desta aula, lá estão os modal verbs pipocando aqui e ali, os verb tenses acima citados e outros, os prefixes e suffixes aparecem em profusão, os exemplos de discourse markers, e até alguns exemplos de passive voice. Devo dizer, honestamente, que não escolhi o texto inicial para demonstrar estes pontos. Actually, escolhi o text 1 porque se tratava de um desdobramento do assunto: reunião dos trade ministers em Hong Kong - mesmo tópico do texto com as questões que já havia proposto num simulado aqui no RJ e que, aqui, estão funcionando como warm up para o nosso simulado depois da AULA 10. Acredito que tenha conseguido provar o meu ponto. Eu não tive que buscar desesperadamente um texto que falasse de todos os assuntos que vimos estudando; eles simplesmente estavam lá. Provavelmente, será isso que acontecerá no dia da sua prova. Esses mesmos pontos fundamentais estarão lá e, aí, tudo vai depender de como a banca examinadora irá explorá-los. Portanto, keep in mind that a probabilidade de não aparecer nenhum dos tópicos que estamos estudando é zero. A não ser, é claro, que você tenha pegado a prova de espanhol por engano!




ANSWERS Pre-testing Vocabulary a. 3 // b. 4 // c. 5 // d. 1 // e. 2 Verb Tenses Present continuous: is urging (L-1) Present simple: We need (L-7) Past simple: Portman made (L-9), the United States submitted Present perfect: have pressed (L-14), Future simple: will not establish (L-28), Hong Kong will not be (L-32) Past perfect: all we had hoped, Passive voice Items: Quaisquer dois dos seguintes exemplos: That aim was frustrated, … // when a subsequent EU agriculture proposal was found by other participants,… // expectations for Hong Kong have been lowered … Translation of the text fragment: In “the United States remains committed to concluding an agreement with real substance…” (L- 28/29)

Apesar de o verbo concluding apresentar-se com a forma ...ing usamos o infinitivo na tradução por causa da preposição to exigida pelo verbo committed. Portanto: os EUA permanecem determinados a concluir um acordo ... é a melhor tradução do trecho.



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -17- Reading Comprehension 1. Para estabelecer uma base de proteção uma vez que progredir nas negociações é tarefa árdua. 2. Logo de início, em 2001, por causa da questão de comercialização dos produtos agrícolas. 3. As chances de sucesso na reunião em Hong Kong ficaram sensivelmente reduzidas após constatar-se que a proposta da União Européia não representava nenhum aumento real de acesso aos mercados. 2. A expressão since then (= desde então) indica tempo decorrido desde o lançamento em 2001. 5. A palavra still (= contudo, todavia) é usada como uma transitional word ou marcadora do discurso e não como advérbio. Aqui marca oposição ou contraste. 6. A palavra while (= apesar de)é usada como uma transitional word ou marcadora do discurso. Igualmente, aqui está indicando oposição ou contraste. True or False? 7. (T) Ought to pode ser substituído por should 8. (T) A tradução “the long-stalled WTO negotiations é: ‘as negociaações travadas há longo tempo’



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -18- Prefixes // Suffixes I. 1. [INACCURATE] O relato dos fatos apresentado pela testemunha foi

impreciso (OU inexato) 2. [ILLEGAL] Não vou fazer isto porque é contra a lei; é ilegal. 3. [IMPARTIAL] Todos nós esperamos que juízes sejam imparciais. 4. [UNPOPULAR] Na qualidade de líder tinha que tomar decisões

impopulares. 5. [IRRESISTIBLE] Fui arrastado para o local por um tipo de força irresistível. II. 1. [DISQUALIFIED] Não cole no exame ou você será desclassificado. 2. [INDECISIVE] Tome uma decisão. Por que você tem que ser sempre tão

indeciso? 3. [UNSURE] Ela tem se sentido tão insegura. 4. [MISUNDERSTANDING] Deve haver algum mal-entendido. Não era isso

que eu queria dizer. 5. [NON-PROFIT] Mr. Lombard disse que trabalhava para uma organização

não lucrativa. III 1. [ALLERGIC] O Doutor Sales descobriu que a Julie era alérgica à penicilina. 2. [CLASSIC] Você tem que ler os autores clássicos. 3. [SELFISH] Divida seu quarto com sua prima. Não seja tão egoísta, Gene. 4. [POISONOUS] Aquela cobra é venenosa. Tenha cuidado. 5. [PROFITABLE] A empresa do Freddy é muito lucrative. IV 1. [LOVELY] Samantha tem um / uma filho /a adorável. 2. [SALTY] Por causa de sua hipertensão Julie não pode comer comidas

salgadas. 3. [WATCHFUL] Temos que permanecer vigilantes a fim de que outro roubo

não ocorra novamente. 4. [HORRIBLE] Detestei aquela cena. É horrível. 5. [CLASSICAL] Meu pai adora música clássica. .



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -19- Vocabulary Buil Up Mini-text 1 1. join // 2. pledged // 3. gather // 4. accomplished // 5. sponsored // 6. successful // 7. business // 8. key Mini-text 2 1. eradication // 2. sustainable // 3. corruption // 4. beyond // 5. nearly/ 6. industrialized // 7. assistance // 8. mechanisms Mini-text 3 1. commitment //2. institutions //3. growth //4. assistance // 5. contributions // 6. sources // 7. figures // 8. donations Mini-text 4 1. advantage // 2. partners // 3. resources // 4. relief // 5. achievement / 6. failure // 7. further // 8. development Mini-text 5 1. separate // 2. respond // 3. conflict // 4. path // 5. founder / 6. totals // 7. family // 8. health Mini-text 6 1. articulated // 2. agency // 3. considerable // 4. experience // 5. revenues / 6. wealth // 7. poverty // 8. mission Mini-text 7 1. components // 2. liberalization // 3. benefit // 4. incomes // 5. forefront / 6. debt // 7. owed // 8. reach Mini-text 8 1. immense // 2. borders // 3. estimates // 4. assets // 5. mobilized / 6. property // 7. inability // 8. tapped Mini-text 9 1. competitive // 2. devised // 3. fostering // 4. consumers // 5. wealthiest / 6. confidence // 7. enforce // 8. goals Mini-text 10 1. register // 2. barriers // 3. debating // 4. basic // 5. challenge / 6. persistence // 7. blazed // 8. choices



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -20- MOCK TEST 1. B Veja o exercício sobre a paráfrase desse fragmento no texto 1 desta nossa aula. O que está dito na letra A? Os ministros do comércio mal conseguirão obter um consenso em Hong Kong [Atenção para a palavra ‘hardly cuja força é negativa Por exemplo: Without make-up, you could hardly recognize the movie star (Sem maquiagem mal se podia reconhecer a estrela do cinema). Na letra C tem-se: dependerão (as negociações) do consenso dos ministros do comércio; na letra D, na elaboração de um painel e, em E, podem (é provável que) progridam em Hong Kong, contrariando tudo o que é esperado e mencionado no texto. 2. E Apareceu o verbo ‘infer’ (ou o substantivo inference) sinal de alerta! Você está sendo convidado a tirar uma conclusão sobre alguma coisa não presente no texto com todas as letras. Na presente questão, só é razoável concluir que a rodada de Doha está programada para dezembro de 2006 com apoio na declaração do secretario de agricultura norte-americano o qual diz que seria um erro descartar tal rodada quando se tem um ano inteiro para trabalhar ativamente e se buscar avanços para preparar a reunião. Quanto às demais opções: em A, deve depender da reunião de Hong Kong, em B, talvez possa trazer algum progresso [vaga demais]; em C, fracassará em produzir os resultados esperados; [não é possível afirmar isso, e mais, não é uma inferência] em D, poderá, é provável que seja cancelada [não passa de um chute] 3. C Estude a folha com os discourse markers (=marcadores do discurso). Even though (=muito embora) indica concessão e poderia nesse contexto ser substituído por although (=embora). 4. C Esta resposta está no segundo parágrafo do texto. Traduzindo: os participantes das negociações na OMC devem envidar esforços para progredir antes mesmo da reunião dos ministros de comércio em Hong Kong. em A, as partes-chave não serão capazes de produzir um painel adequado para a rodada de negociações de Doha; em B, somente um secretário de agricultura e um representante comercial não são suficientes para refletir a política norte-americana sobre este assunto; em D, a atmosfera precedendo a reunião de Hong Kong é de inegável pessimismo quanto a se alcançar um consenso. Finalmente, em E, lê-se: demonstraram que estão um tanto indefesos para combater o fracasso da forças-chave quanto a se alcançar algum consenso.




SUPPLEMENT: AFFIXES É de grande utilidade o estudo das word forms do inglês. Quanto mais familiarizado você estiver com os vários affixes (prefixes / suffixes) mais facilidade terá em decoding novos significados, e mais fluentemente você conseguirá ler e estará aumentando o seu vocabulary power. 1) PREFIXES Anti as in: anti-war manifestação contra a guerra Auto as in: autobiography autobiografia Dis as in: disconnect desconectar En as in: enlarge ampliar Il as in: illegal ilegal Im as in impatient impaciente In as in: indecent indecente Inter as in interdependent interdependent Ir as in irrelevant irelevante Mid as in: mid-way a meio caminho Mis as in misinterpret interpretar mal Multi as in multinational multinacional Non as in nonsmoking não fumante Out as in outlive viver mais que Over as in overweight obeso, acima do peso Pre as in: pre-test pré teste Pro as in: pro-abortion manifestação em favor do aborto Semi as in: semicircle semicírculo Un as in unwrap desembrulhar Under as in: undernourished subnutrido 2) SUFFIXES Formadores de verbos -ate as in: estimate estimar -en as in: blacken escurecer -fy as in: certify certificar -ize as in: liberalize liberar



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -22- Formadores de advérbios -ly as in sincere sincerely -ward(s) as in: toward(s) em direção a -wise as in: clockwise no sentido horário Formadores de substantivos -age as in: marriage casamento -ance as in attendance presença -er as in hunter caçador -hood as in: childhood infância -ician as in: statistician estatístico -ics as in: statistics estatística -ish as in: childish infantil -ism as in: fanaticism fanatismo -ist as in: physicist físico -ity as in: brutality brutalidade -ment as in: improvement melhoria -ness as in: happiness felicidade -or as in: survivor sobrevivente -ship as in: friendship amizade -sis as in: synthesis síntese -tion as in: attention atenção Formadores de adjetivos -able as in: reliable confiável -al as in: cultural cultural -an as in American americano -ation as in: explanation explicação -ed* as in experienced experiente -ee as in trainee estagíário/a, treinando -ful as in: grateful grato/a, agradecido/a -ible as in: responsible responbsável -ic as in: classic clássico -ive as in: responsive responsivo/a -less as in: careless descuidado -ly as in: friendly amigável -ous as in: ambitious ambicioso/a -y as in: rainy chuvoso



CURSOS ON LINE Prof. Carlos Augusto -23- AULA 9 Avalie se os seguintes objetivos desta aula foram alcançados.

TÓPICOS & OBJETIVOS Raise your awareness of: Despertar sua conscientização para: I – Reading Text: US wants WTO Ministerial Meeting after

Session in Hong Kong Texto para Leitura: ‘Os EUA querem uma reunião ministerial da OMC após a

sessão de Hong Kong’ II – Brief analysis of text 1: Verb Tenses, Modals, Passive Voice

Discourse Markers Breve análise do texto 1: Tempos Verbais, Os modais, Voz Passiva, e

Marcadores do Discurso III – Reading Comprehension text 1 Compreensão da Leitura do texto 1 IV - Word Forms – Affixes together Formação de Palavras – Vários afixos juntos V – Vocabulary Build-up: Specialized vocabulary: 10 excerpts

from the article ‘Unleashing Growth through Sound Development Policies

Construção de Vocabulário: Vocabulário técnico: 10 trechos do artigo ‘Promovendo o Crescimento através de Políticas de Desenvolvimento Adequadas’.

VI– Lighten up! Two stories: Anguished Lover & A Gem of an Idea Relaxe! Duas histórias: O amante angustiado & Uma jóia de Idéia. IX– Warm Up for the Mock Test // Text + comments on answers Aquecimento para o Teste Simulado Texto + gabarito comentado



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Ingles aula 9

Education