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Narrative Paragraph
A narrative paragraph tells a story. Usually, you write a narrative to sharean important event. The details in the paragraph should answer the 5 W-How questions: who? what? when? where? why? and how?
Look at the following example of a narrative paragraph.
Discovering Solitude
Last Saturday morning I discovered a new best friend:me.
I have always hated being alone. Im a real peopleperson. I also like to sleep late whenever I can. Butfor some reason, I woke up at five oclock last Saturdaymorning. I tried and I tried to go back to sleep. Finally,I gave up. I got out of bed and went to the kitchen.I made myself a cup of cocoa. Then I went out to ourback porch. Even though it was summer, the morningwas cool. I sat down on the back steps. The sun wascoming up. The sky turned from blue to orange to pink.I had never noticed just how clear the colors ofsunrise could be. They changed right before my eyes.
The changing colors reminded me of a kaleidoscopeId had as a child. A slight breeze lifted my hair offmy neck. I could smell the honeysuckle flowers fromthe garden fence in the slight wind. The birds beganto sing as the sky grew lighter. As I watched theworld come to life, I felt at peace. I thought of allthe good things in my life. I thought of all my goodfriends and my wonderful family. For the first timein my life, I was happy being alone. I wasnt bored.Instead, I felt refreshed, as if Id just had anothernap.
I gained a new appreciation for myself.
TopicSentence:
ParagraphBody:
ClosingSentence:
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As you read the narrative paragraph on the previous page, answer each of the5 W-How questions. Answering these questions will give you basicinformation.
Who? ______________________________________________________
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Everything that happens to you helps you grow. An event can be joyful.Another event can be painful. Both, however, teach you something. You canlearn about human nature. You can learn about the kindness or cruelty of others.You can learn about yourself. In this assignment, you will write about onesuch event.
Step 1:Collect your thoughts.
Think of important events in your life. Consider the following:
best mistake
happiest accident
the death of a close friend or relative
a major victory or defeat
the beginning of a relationship
beginning a new school
the ending of a relationship.
List your own experiences. These could have occurred years ago. They couldhave happened this morning. Dont list just big, dramatic events. Sometimes,small events affect us deeply.
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Freewriting
Below is an example of freewriting. This was the first step in the examplenarrative paragraph on page 209. As you can see, the writer used thefreewriting strategy on pages 162-163 to find an idea to develop.
Remember: When you freewrite, you just write, write, write.You do not stop to think or correct. If you get stuck, you canrepeat the last word you wrote until something else pops up.You just write whatever comes to mind.
Its Friday - friday friday goody goody thatmeans tomorrow is Saturday boy do I loveSaturdays I can sleep I can sleep I can go to themall I can go to the movies I can do what I wantI can do what I did last week just do nothing.Just get up early couldnt sleep can you believethat? Couldnt sleep just sat on porch watchedsunrise Daddy thought I was sick. Took us tobreakfast - really neat. Wanted to take mefishing like when I was a little girl. That was funremember catching the rubber boot. Kara fell inthe lake. Went water skiing on that lake with Jimand Lily. Thought Id drank half of lake fun when
I finally stood up boy did my arms hurt next day.
As a paragraph, this has problems. As a freewriting, it is successful. Thewriter has mentioned three topics.
She mentions a seemingly unimportant Saturday when shecouldnt sleep late.
She mentions a fishing trip with her father and sister.
She mentions learning to water ski.
Any of these topics would make a good paragraph.
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Step 2: Freewriting.
Study your list of experiences. Choose one that is significant. Make sure youidentify a particular incident. You should be able to remember the exact datethis happened. For example, dont write about how your dog changed your life.Instead, write about the day you received your dog.
Write down your topic. Begin freewriting (see page 163). Dont stop to think orcorrect. Just write, write, write. If you get stuck, repeat the last word you wrote.Or, write Im stuck, Im stuck until something else pops up. Write whatever
comes to mind. Your paper will be messy. Your hand may hurt. But you willhave ideas about your topic. Freewrite for 10 minutes. Use additional paper asneeded.
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Step 3: Explore possible topics
Look over your freewriting. How many topics did you discover? Write themdown.
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You might be ready to draft your narrative. However, a second freewritingwould help.
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Choose a topicfrom your first freewriting on the previous page. Complete asecond 10-minute freewriting. Use additional paper as needed.
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Read over your second freewriting. You probably have more than enoughdetails for a paragraph.
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Step 4: Evaluate details.
Remember your purpose. You are writing about an important event. Youneed to identify this event. You also need to indicate why it was importantto you.
With this in mind,look over your freewritings. What detailsrelate to yourpurpose? Highlight or underline these.
What details are irrelevant?Draw through these.
What details seem to be missing?Write these down.
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Step 5: Remember your audience.
You will be telling a story. Your audience has not heard of this experience.Make sure you have included enough details. Your readers need to knowwhat happened. They also need to know why it is significant to you.
Your audience will also need to know
when the incident occurred. You can give the exact date. Youcan also give a time reference.
Example: It was the summer I turned twelve.
where the incident occurred. Again, you can give specifics. Youcan also give a personal reference.
Example: My sister and I were spending the weekend at DisneyWorld with our grandparents.
who was involved. Try to give names. Also, indicate theindividuals relationships to you.
Example: My best friend Jose had lived next door to me forthree years.
Step 6: Write your first draft.
Begin with the topic sentence. In chronological order, report the details ofthe event. Use key words as you write (see page 194). End by sharing thelesson you learned. Use the space below and the following page, if needed.
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Expository Paragraph
Another word for expository is explanatory. An expository paragraphgives information. You can explain a subject. You can also give directions inan expository paragraph.
Look at the following example of an expository paragraph. What kind ofinformation does it give?
Matter Matters
Look around you. Everything you see ismatter. Matter is anything that takes up space.
Matter takes many forms and states. Scientistscall these forms and states the phases of matter.Matter has four phases. Gases, liquids, andsolids are the phases of matter found on Earth.The fourth phase of matter is plasma. It is a formof matter found in stars. On Earth, we seeplasmas only in parts of flames and in lightningbolts.
The details of the paragraph explain matter. Every sentence providesinformation about the topic. None of the details are irrelevant.
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The following is a topic sentence for an expository paragraph:
During the 1920s, a new ideal woman emerged.
Some of the sentences belowsupport this topic sentence.
Some of the sentencesdo not support the topic sentence.
Put an X in front of any sentence that is an irrelevant detail. If a sentence is arelevant detail,leave it unmarked.
______ 1. This new woman was born due to women winning their rightto vote.
______ 2. The new woman was represented by the flapper.
______ 3. The flapper wore new fashions and showed new attitudes.
______ 4. Automobiles became popular as well.
______ 5. Skirts became shorter and brightly colored.
______ 6. For the first time, many women smoked openly in public.______ 7. Jazz was the most popular form of entertainment during the
20s.
______ 8. Many women felt torn between the old and new standards.
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Write an expository paragraph.
Use the following steps that helped you write a descriptive and narrativeparagraph:
Collect your thoughts.
Freewrite.
Explore possible topics.
Choose a topic.
Write a topic sentence.
Gather ideas and details to support your topic.
Evaluate and organize your details.
Remember your audience.
Write a closing sentence or clincher.
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Persuasive Paragraph
Writing assignments often ask you to explain why. You need to explainwhy with reasons. When you do this, you are writing persuasively. Youare giving your opinion. Then you are giving the reasons you have thisopinion. These reasons should convince the reader to consider youropinion. A persuasive paragraph convinces readers of an opinion.
Look at the following example of a persuasive paragraph written in theform of a letter.
Dear Mom and Dad:
I know you are thinking about moving to Jacksonvillenext year. I hope you will reconsider doing this. Dad, yousay your job will be better. I can understand your wantingto go. But please, think about this from my point of view.Moving will mean I have to change schools. Changingschools will be the hardest thing Ive ever had to do. Tobegin with, I have just figured out where everything is atschool. I can get to class on time and still visit with myfriends. If I move, I will be lost. I will probably be tardyand feel really stupid. Ill probably get into all kinds of
trouble. Also, I will have to readjust to new teachers. Iknow all my teachers now. I know what they expect. Mostof them are my friends. If I move, I will have to start allover again. Finally, I will have to leave my friends. I willbe moving away from people I have known all my life. Atmy new school, I wont know anyone. You know how shy Iam. Making friends isnt easy for me. I know how lonely Iwill be. You are my parents and I know you want the bestfor me. I want the best for you too. Before you make thisdecision, though, think about my side. Moving wont beeasy for any of us. Do we really have to?
Note that the writer does more than list each reason. She provides anexplanation or example for each one. Note, too, the ending sentence. Thewriter appeals to her parents love for her. She realizes her argument maynot be successful. However, she is hoping they will consider her feelingsin this matter.
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Step One: Choose a Topic.
Choose one of the following topics for your letter.
1. Write in support of something that needs changing.
2. Write to discourage a change that you feel is not needed.
3. Write for someone or something that you feel deserves support.
4. Write on behalf of a personal issuesuch as a move to a newcity, a parental rule, etc.
5. Write to encourage a friend to do or see something you feeleveryone should do or see.
Freewrite for 10 minutes about the topic you have chosen. If you do not feel youhave generated enough information, choose another topic and try again.Underline ideas that you feel you can use. Use additional paper as needed.
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Step Two: Choose an Audience.
To whom will you write? ___________________________________
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What arguments will be effective with this audience? __________
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What arguments will be ineffective? _________________________
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Step Three: Write an Opinion Statement.
For example, see page 223.
moving to anew school
writer does notwant to do this
specific subject +
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opinion =
=
opinion statement
I do not want to moveto a new school.
Opinion statement: ________________________________________
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Step Four: Provide at least two pieces of evidence to support thisopinion.
Evidence to support opinion: _______________________________
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Step Five: List any concessions you wish to make.
For example:
The writer on page 223 admits her fathers new job might be better thanthe one he has. She also realizes her family wants to do the best for her.
Concessions: ______________________________________________
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Step Six: Draft your letter.
Look at the example letter on page 223 as a model. Try to use signal wordsas
you move from one point to the next.Consider saving yourmost importantevidence for last.
Letter: ___________________________________________________
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Below are listed several writing assignments. You are given purpose andaudience. Decide which method of development is best for each. Choosedescriptive, expository, narrative, or persuasive.
Purpose Audience Method of Development
1. to ask forgiveness parentsfor breakingcurfew and giveyour reasons fordoing so
2. to explain how to your e-mailmake home-made penpalpasta
3. review the movie your schoolyou saw last paperweekend
4. encourage support your
for your choice friendsof candidate forstudent councilrepresentative
5. recount your yourwhitewater rafting teachertrip in NorthCarolina
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Write True if the statement is correct. Write False if the statement is not correct.
__________ 1. Before you write, you need a topic.
__________ 2. A useful topic is specific and will allow you to focus yourresearch.
__________ 3. Keeping a journal does not help you collect yourthoughts.
__________ 4. Clustering is an excellent way to organize information;clustering helps to picture how words and phrasesconnect to a topic.
__________ 5. You cannot do research over the Internet.
__________ 6. Your audience and purpose will guide your choice ofwords.
__________ 7. The topic sentence tells what the paragraph is about.
__________ 8. A good topic sentence should contain two things: thenames of the character and the setting of the story.
__________ 9. All paragraphs contain a closing sentence.
_________ 10. A narrative paragraph tells a story.
_________ 11. An expository paragraph gives information.
_________ 12. A persuasive paragraph always questions.
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