KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE 115 KV TRANSMISSION PROJECT Tai Ninh (Vietnam) to Kampong Cham (Cambodia) February 200 4 @b KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION REPUBLIC OF KOREA Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
Transcript
KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA
Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy
INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR
THE 115 KV TRANSMISSION PROJECT
Tai Ninh (Vietnam) to Kampong Cham (Cambodia)
February 200 4
@b KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
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XniW Envhnmentd Examination Content
s INITIAL EMRONMENTAL E W I N A T I O N AND
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR
TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT FROM
Tai Ninh (Vietnam) to Kampong Cham (Cambodia)
Table of Contents
Ministry of Xnduslry, Mines and Energy Korea E h i s Power Corporation
List of Table List of Figure Abbreviations Unit
I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Purpose of the Project 1.3 Extent of JEE 1.4 Legal and Policy Framework
1.4.1 Cambodia Environmental Assessment Requirement 1.4.2 World Bank Operational Policies 1.4.3 Relevant Agreements
I1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 2.1 Project Area 2.2 Scope of the Project 2.3 Amount of Land Required for Construction 2.4 Transmission Line Route 2.5 Transmission Line Design 2.6 Tree Clearance 2.7 Resettlement Clearance 2.8 Conductor Selection 2.9 Substation Design 2.1 0 Project Implementation 2.10.1 Pre-construction Activities 2.10.2 Construction 2.10.3 Preparation and Maintenance
I I
I1 III
1 - 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 5 5 7 9
10 I I 11 11 11 12 12
ZnWd Environmmtd Examination Content
Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy Korea Electric Power Corporation
I11 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.1 Physical Resource
3.1.1 Topograph) and Drainage ' t
3.1.2 Climate 3.1.3 Geography and Soil
3.2 Biological Resource 3.2.1 Flora 3.2.2 Fauna
3.3 Socio-Economic Condition 3.3.1 Administration 3.3.2 Population and Settlement Pattern 3.3.3 Land Tenure 3.3.4 Land Use 3.3.5 Local Economy and Household Characteristics 3.3.6 Energy Use and Electrical Supply 3.3.7 Transportation and Communication 3.3.8 Historic and Religious sites
IV ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 Negative Impact in Construction Stage
4.1.1 Land Acquisition and Land Use Change 4.1.2 Land Use Restriction 4.1.3 Crop and Land Disturbance 4.1.4 Soil Erosion 4.1.5 Water Quality and Soil Contamination 4.1.6 Noise and Air Quality 4.1.7 Loss of Tree Resources 4.1.8 Habitat Loss 4.1.9 Resettlement 4.1.10 Health and Safety 4.1.1 1 Historic, Cultural and Religious Sites
4.2 Negative Impact in Construction and Maintenance Stage 4.2.1 Electrocution 4.2.2 Radio and TV Interference 4.2.3 Flight Deaths and Electrocution
4.3 Positive Environmental Impact 4.3.1 Social and Economic Benefits 4.3.2 Reduce air Pollution
V ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 5.1 Environmental Management Plan 5.2 EMP Monitoring 5.3 Environmental Management Responsibilities
VI PUBLIC CONSULTATION 6.1 Objective of Public Consultation
Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy Korea Electric Power Corpomtbn
i
6.2 Methodology 6.3 Participation
'6.4 Main Discussion and Conclusion '
VII EMP BUDGET AND FINANCING 7.1 Basis of Compensation Cost Estimate 7.2 Incremental Administrative Cost Estimate
7.2.1 Incremental Administrative Cost for the 1" Step 7.2.2 Overall Planning for the 2" Step
APPENDIX
1 Result of Site Survey 2 Oficial Letter
52 52 65 68 68 68 68 69
Initial Environmental Examination list of Table and Figure
List of Table
List of Figure
Ministry ofladustry, Mines and Energy I Korea Electric Power C o r p o m n
initial Environmental Examination list of Tablc and F&un
Abbreviations
Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy I I Korea Elcctrlc Power Corpomfion
APs ASEAN ASL CBD EAC EdC EIA EMF EMP GHG GMS HFO - IEC IEE IEIA IMO IPP IRC IS0 LDO MEF MIME MOE NR PAC/F/H PIC PMO RPEC ROW RP UXO
Affected Person/People Association of Southeast Asian Nations Above Sea Level Convention on Biological Diversity Electricity Authority of Cambodia Electricity de Cambodia Environmental Impact Assessment Electrical and Magnetic Field Environmental Management Plan Greenhouse Gas Greater Mekong Sub-Region Heavy Fuel Oil International Electro-technical Committee Initial Environmental Examination Initial Environmental Impact Assessment Independent Monitoring Organization Independent Power Producer Inter-ministerial Resettlement Committee International Standards Organization Light Diesel Oil Ministry of Economy and Finance Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy Ministry of Environment National Road People Affected Comrnunities/Families/Households Project Implementation Consultant Project Management Office Resettlement PlanfEnvironmental Coordinator Right of Way Resettlement Plan Unexploded Ordinance
Initial Envimnmenwl Examinadon Usj of Table and Figure
Units
111 MinrSny of lndusl~ Mines and Energy Koma EIcctric Power Corpomlion
With financial support fiom World Bank, EdC has launched the construction project of two transmission lines fiom the Laos Border to Stung Treng and from the Vietnam Border to Karnpong Cham; this project is a part of the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) Power Project. As clearly defined by the Ministry of Environment, the project is going to be carried out with environmental sustainability of the affected areas along the ROW.
To effectively evaluate the impact of the project, KEPCO has canied out IEE and EMP in an attempt to identify the number of local residents affected by the project, the nature and degree of impact on them, measures taken to minimize the effects and compensation, and other assistance to be delivered to affected people for unavoidable impacts.
The social impacts h m the transmission lines will be the relocation of households and dwellings and other buildings within the ROW during construction, and land use restrictions within the ROW during operation.
The primary bio-physical impacts, associated with transmission line construction and operation are land use change, vegetation loss, minor habitat loss, wildlife death, and minor erosion.
- - - - 1.2. PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of this Initial Environmental Examination is to:
Identify and assess environmental impacts associated with transmission lines.
Identify design, construction and maintenance measures to avoid or mitigate potential adverse environmental impacts, to be incorporated into the final design.
Develop an environmental management plan and associated monitoring plan for project construction and operation.
Assess the organizational capacity of the implementing agency and provide recommendations for enhancement.
1.3. EXTENT OF IEE
This IEE covers the assessment of bio-physical and socio-economic aspects of the two proposed 11 5 kV transmission lines h m the Vietnam border to Kampong Cham, collectively referred to as the "transmission line" through out this IEE.
This IEE is based on the feasibility design of the main transmission line route and line structures, and primarily assesses key environmental issues. Final route and line design will be undertaken by the Contractor in accordance with feasibility design criteria. Changes may
Mlnistry of Indnsrry, Mhes and Energy 1 Korea Electric Power Corporation
Initial Environmental Examination Introduction
occur to the selected route, but these are expected to be minor. The design of the line structures may change particularly tower height and spacing.
1.4. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK
According to the Law of the Royal Government of Cambodia and World Bank Policy the project is required to conduct a study of Environmental Assessment. No conflict has been identified between these separate requirements.
The key requirements of the Environmental Assessment are that environmental and social impact assessment is carried out, impacts are minimized and mitigation and compensation measures incorporated into the project including assistance to people affected by the project.
All the above requirements have to be in accordance with the Law of Royal Government of Cambodia on Environmental Protection and Natural resource Management, This law is supported by the Sub-Decree on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (Sub-Decree 72, August 11, 1999), which sets out institutional responsibilities, impact assessment requirements and examination procedure. The Annex to the Sub-Decree lists project types that require Initial Environmental Impact Assessment (ETA) or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), although no distinction is made between these two types of assessments. The Draft Guideline for conducting Environmental Impact Assessment (ETA Report 2000), prepared by The Department of Environmental Impact Assessment, Provides an EIA format guideline and indicates mandatory information to be provided in the ETA. All mandatory information is contained in this IEE.
1.4.2. World Bank Operational Policy
The World Bank's Environmental Assessment Policy (OP 4.01) requires that the environmental assessment accurately identify the breadth, depth and type of analysis based on the nature, scale and potential impacts. Environmental assessments are classified into different categories based on complexity, scale and level of impact, ranging from the largest and most complex - Category A, to the smallest and least complex - Category C. For all categories the environmental assessment should take into account global environmental aspects on biodiversity and institutional capabilities related to environmental and social aspects.
The assessment nevertheless examines the project's potential environmental impacts and recommends measures to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance. The project has to avoid forest, wild lands, national parks, protected or other sensitive natural environments areas and particular cultural and social sensitive area such as temples, graves, schools.
-
Minktry of industry, Mines and Energy 2 Korea Ekt t ic Power Corpodon -
Zniiial Envlroamental Examhatlon ZnhPduction
1.4.3. Relevant Agreements
Cambodia is one of the signatories to a number of international conventions and agreements that include:
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD ,1995)
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar, 1975)
Asean Agreement on the conservation of Nature and Natural Resource (1985)
Cambodia ratified The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity in 1995. The three objectives of this convention are to conserve biodiversity, sustainable use biological resources and to fairly and equitably share the benefits resulting fiom the use of genetic resources.
Cambodia became a party to the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance in 1999, formally listing three Ramsar sites in the north, center and south-west of the country, with plans to consider W e r sites.
Cambodia signed the Asean Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1 985, committing its self maintaining essential ecological processes preserving genetic diversity and ensuring sustainable natural resource use.
Minisby of Industry, Mines and en erg^ 3 Korea Electric P o w Corporation
Initial Environmental Errrmination Description of the Pwject
11. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
Figure 2.1: Project Area
The project study area encompasses 2 districts and 10 communes: (1) Tbong b u m District has 5 commune: Chiro 2, Chub, Mong Reav, Soung and
Srolop commune. (2) Ponhea Kraek District has 5 commune: Agnerm, Kandal Chnun, Kaung Kang,
Kraek and Trapaing Plong commune.
2.2. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The followings are the scope and extent of the project:
115kV double circuit transmission line from Vietnam Border - Kraek Substation - Suong Substation - Kampong Cham Substation, 66 km of concrete poles.
Tree clearance of a 30 m width along the transmission line (15m from the central line) and 13m for resettlement clearance (6.5m from the central power line)
The three substations at Kampong Cham Province to be cleared are about 70m x 70m = 4900m2 for each substation.
Ministry of Indlisny, Mines and Energy 4 K o m Electric Power Coqomtion
InWaf Environmental Examination Description of the Project
23. AMOUNT OF LAND REQUIRED FOR CONSTRUCTION
In general the project will require the following area of land:
0.27 ha of land for pole footing based transmission line from Vietnam Border to Kampong Cham Province.
1.47 ha of land for the three substations at Kampong Cham includes the access roads for them.
Construction of 11 5 kV transmission lines and substations will require the acquisition of land or, in the case of transmission lines, restriction of land use below the power lines. All substation are located on private lands. There is not much agricultural land within the proposed alignments. When it is necessary to construct transmission lines across agricultural land, in the unlikely event that is necessary to' acquire land for towers, compensation will be provided to the affected persons (APs) on whose land the tower(s) will be located.
2.4. TRANSMISSION LINE ROUTE
It is a 66 km route running mainly on the southern side of National Road 7 (NR7) and parallel to the VN border to road in a direct line from Kampong Cham substation. The route is generally set back 15 - 25 m from NR 7 to avoid houses near the roadside and minimize line length. There is major change in direction at a cross line heading towards the border and then the route turns southeast and runs along the road 72.
Ministry of Indushy, Mines and Energy 5 Korea Ekctric Power Corporation -
Initial Environmental Examination Description of the Project
2.5. TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN
The chosen nominal voltage level of the 115 kV corresponds to the intended voltage of the interconnection with Vietnam.
This transmission line would be essential to supply power to many customers therefore; it is necessary to determine whether to construct a double circuit transmission line. A double circuit transmission line will be installed i) to maintain N-1 level reliability, that is, in the case of the loss of one element of the power system, the security of the system should not be affected ii) to save 10% in construction cost iii) to avoid a forced outage (one - two months during construction) incurred to install additional circuit in the future, which will affect many households, factories and the public.
Table 2.1 : Transmission Line Design Features
M i n i m of Industry, Mines and Energy 7 Korea Electric P o w Corporation
Design Feature
Line Length Type of Support Number of Tower (Pole) Average span between Tower (Pole) Tree Clearance Width (From central power line)
TL Line form VN -KGC
66 km Pole 69 1 80-100
15 m
Resettlement Clearance Width(R0W)
Tower (Pole) height Substations
20 m 7 0 m x 7 0 m
Initial Environmental Examination Descri~tion of the Proiect
Figure 2.3: 115 kV Pole
Figure 2.4: Similar 115 kV Pole
Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy 8 Korea Electric Power Corporvrtion
Initial Environmental Examinollor D a c r i ' o n of the Project
2.6. TREE CLEARANCE
Trees will be either removed or periodically pruned to provide necessary line clearance, whilst minor pruning will be required for insulated distribution lines. The SWER alignment will avoid palm trees (primarily sugar palms) in preference to trees grown for wood and smaller h i t trees as many of these trees can be pruned to provide the necessary line clearance without killing the trees. If growing tip of palm is removed then the tree dies.
Vegetation clearance distances will be maintained by pruning regrowth every 1-2 years. Cuttings will be offered to the local resident if the pruned tree is privately owned, or offered to the community for communal trees, but if cutting are not required then the contractor will be responsible for their disposal. It is proposed that pruning contracts be awarded to local people to maintain line clearances.
Figure 2.5: Tree Clearance along the ROW
I
Centre Line I I I
Minbny of Industry, Mines and Energy 9 Koreu Elccirlc Power C o r g o d n
I I I I I I I
A
o restriction ..
I I I 15m I I I I I a m I I 1 I 25m I I I I I 30m P I i I I
22m h .- -
1 I I I
I
17m
I I I I
13m
I I I I I I I I I
3m
Inldol Environmental lhumhudbn Descd#t&n of the Project
2.7. RESETTLEMENT CLEARANCE (ROW)
Figure 2.6: Resettlement Clearance (ROW) [Source: Guidebook for power engineers (MIME) category 2.6.461
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Structure
Mlrrhtry of IndWrp, Mnes and Energy 10 K o m ElccnJc Power C o r p o h n
I I I I I I I I
I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
In Wal Environmental fiamhation Descr@I&n ofthe ~mject
2.8. CONDUCTOR SELECTION 1
In a transmission line construction, the conductor usually comprises 20% to 30% of the material and labor costs. The selection of conductors is critical since the wind and tension loads that supporting structures must withstand are dependent on the size and type if conductors used. Structure heights are also largely dependent on the conductors selected since maximum sag of phase conductors under maximum ice or maximum temperature wnditions is governed by certain physical, mechanical and dimensional properties of the conductor. Even environmental effects, such as radio noise and audible noise, are heavily influenced by the conductors themselves.
2.9. SUBSTATION DESIGN
Transmission 1ines.connected to other country's substations will be operated under the voltage of 11 5 kV, with double circuits. Three substations connected to the line will be constructed to supply sufficient power to each substation's demand.
Kraek substation receives power from Vietnam via double circuit 11 5 kV transmission lines and it is connected to the Suong substation and transfers power to the Suong substation that is connected to the Karnpong Cham substation
The design shall comply with Cambodia "Electric Power Technical Standards" and the guidebook for "Power Engineers" issued by the ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy (MIME) and other international standards. The design shall be- suitable for operation in Cambodia weather. In the case of matters not stipulated in the technical standards, E C or IS0 standards will be applied.
2.10. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
2.10.1. Pre-construction activities
Pre-construct ion activities will involve the frnal design of the transmission structures and routes, geotechnical investigations, asset verification and acquisition, compensation and relocation measures.
A detail final design will be prepared for the transmission line, towers and substations. Final designs will include tower spacing and a range of foundation and tower types for different ground and flood conditions. A detailed survey of the route will be undertaken based on the
M i n h y of Indushy, Mhes and Energy 11 Korea Electric Power Corpomlbn
Initial Environmental EX(lmination De~r@t ion of the Projtxt
previously surveyed route to finalize and peg the transmission line centerline, ROW and tower location.
q * 1
Asset verification will be completed once the ROW has been pegged, for all privately owned land, buildings, trees and other non-transferable property within the ROW that will be affected by the construction or operation of the line or substations. This will be used to update the existing asset database. The acquisition of land at tower sites, the relocation of buildings within the ROW and the payment of compensation for trees to be removed will be finalized prior to the start of construction at each related site.
2.1 0.2. Construction
Sections of the line will be constructed concurrently by multiple work teams to complete the line during this period. Construction will primarily occur during the dry season (November- May), when ground conditions are dry enough to allow heavy machinery access to tower sites for foundation construction and tower erection and to the substation sites for foundation preparation. The only construction that may occur during the wet season will be substation construction after the foundations have been prepared. Line stringing may also occur, although this may be limited by access to the line and thunderstorm activity.
The main transmission line construction activities will be vegetation clearance within the Clearance Width, tower foundation construction, tower erection and line stringing. Vegetation clearance will be undertaken by hand and kept to the minimum required to achieve necessary
- - line clearance distances, restricted to the 30 m Clearance plus nearby large trees that could fall and damage the line. Vegetation less than 3 m high will not be cleared. Land mine or cluster bomb clearance will be required at least at one site along the Clearance prior to any construction in the vicinity.
Tower foundation will be constructed by in drilling each footing point with a mobile drilling unit, then concreting the excavated voids to form footing points. Alternatively, pre-fabricated concreting pile will be driven into the ground to form the foundation points, with the exposed sections of the piles tied together by concrete horizontal beams. On sites subject to deep flooding a concrete support structure will be constructed.
The substations will be constructed by removing and stockpiling topsoil from the area to be land filled, installing the earth mat and land filling to approximately 1 m above original ground level. Topsoil will then be spread over the fill batters and seeded. Construction of the substation facilities will then be undertaken.
2.10.3. Operation and Maintenance
Transmission line operation will generally involve limited maintenance activities. Line maintenance will usually be restricted to periodic, special and emergency inspections. Routine inspections and planned maintenance will be timed to occur during the dry season where possible, whereas emergency line reinstatement may have to occur during the wet season.
Minktv of Industry, Mines and Energy 12 KO- EIrchlc Power Corporation
I n W Environmental Examhalion Drscdptbn of the Project
Patrolling of the line h m the ground will be undertaken periodically before and after the monsoon. The patroller Will inspect structure foundations, insulators, c6nductors, and jumpers,' etc. Periodic hand pruning of vegetation within the ROW will be undertaken to maintain line clearance distances.
Special inspections will be undertaken after floods, severe winds, hail storms, earthquakes and fires. Emergency inspections of the affected section of line will be undertaken after each tipping of the line to ascertain the nature of the fault and cany out repairs. Failure of the line involving a wire break is highly unlikely, but it would require line restinging.
MinLFny of Industry, Mines and Energy 13 Koma Eleemlc Power Corpmt&n
Idid Enhnmental Examination Description of the Endionmnt
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
The b i ~ - ~ h ~ & c a l and socio-econom:c environment alongathe majority of the iroposdd transmission line routes are generally typical of non-irrigated floodplain paddy land of south- eastern Cambodia and cleared forests of North-eastern Cambodia.
3.1. PHYSICAL RESOURCES
Topography, drainage, geology and soils along the proposed transmission line routes are described in this section.
3.1 .I. Topography and Drainage
The proposed transmission line route is located on or near the Upper Mekong floodplain, which forms part of the Mekong Lowlands. The entire route,is flat, with grades generally between 0-1%, except for hillsides between Ch. 19.600-28.000 (plantation) and Ch. 59.850- 61.300, and for specific site features such as riverbanks, canal and drain banks, road and rail embankments and the landform transition between settlement areas and lower paddy fields. Lower floodplain land is interspersed with shallow water bodies and minor rises, often where settlement and tree crops are grown.
The elevation of the route ranges between 5-44 m above sea level (ASL), with most of the route located between 5-1 8 m ASL. The lowest point occurs where the line terminates - - .- - - . . on the Vietnam border.
Seasonal flooding occurs over an estimated 70% of the route, based on levels recorded in the route survey that included anecdotal information on flood levels. Flood levels up to 3.5 m deep occur on the southern end of the route, but the majority of seasonal flooding is estimated to be less than 1.2 m deep.
3.1.2. Climate
The project area has a monsoon-dominant climate, described as tropical wet and dry due to the distinct seasonal variation. Approximately 70-80% of annual rainfall occurs during the southwest monsoon h m mid-May to late September or early October. The northeast monsoon brings drier and cooler air from early November to March, then hotter conditions prevail in April and early May, producing a pronounced dry season.
The hot season lasts from March to June, with air temperatures in the project area peaking in April at an average daily maximum of 36 "C. The coolest months are December/January with an average daily maximum of 30-3 1 "C.
Minlsny of Industry, Mines and En- 14 Kona ElrcMc Power Co'pordon
Initial Envhnmental Examinadon Description of the Envhnment
Table 3.1 : Climate Data for Kampong Cham Province (2005)
Source: Ministry of Water Resource and Meteorology
3.1.3. Geology and Soils
Geology along the transmission line route is characterized by Cenozoic alluvial plain deposits, terrace alluvial, pediments, alluvial fans and floodplains. Accordingly, surface soils along the route are reasonably uniform. Soil fertility is very low, with little potential to improve rice yields by more intensive management. The soil is subject to water logging due to the low permeability of the underlying subsoil, and can be saturated for periods of up to a week even after heavy, short duration rainfall. The soil is also drought sensitive due to the low water holding capacity of the sandy surface soils and the difficulty of root penetration into the heavy subsoil.
3.2. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Flora, fauna and protected areas along the proposed transmission line route are described in this section.
3.2.1. Flora
Vegetation cover within the ROW is largely dictated by the intensive land use activities that occur along the entire route. The route (around 37 %, see table 3.5a) is sown to a household, with fields left fallow for the remainder of the year. Sugar palms are commonly grown as a scattered tree crop on paddy land, located on bunds or within fields.
Areas of grassland occasionally occur next to watercourses or on land with poorer cultivation potential as a fallow between occasional crops. Small areas of flooded grassland occur within
Ministry of Industry, Mfnes and Energy 15 K o m El- Pomr Corpomtbn
Initid Environmental Excurrindon DescrQMon of the Environmmt
some water courses and depressions.
Tree cbver, primarily consisting of trees grown for M t , wood and other pmhction purposes, Q
occurs on about 34.57% of the ROW (see table 3.5a) in Kampong Cham, mainly in settlement areas but also in plantations. The predominant species are sugar palms, mangoes, bananas and coconuts. 18% of the ROW (see table 4 3 ) in Stung Streng is plantation area.
Temple groves, whilst not located within the ROW, occur in proximity to the route on higher land around some temples. This vegetation commonly consists of trees and shrubs.
Trees locate along the ROW (Laos Border to Stung Treng) are considered to be forest trees which most of them have already been cleared. The below is the amount of trees which will be affcted by the project, located along the ROW (Vietnam Border to Kampong Cham).
Table 3.2: Estimated Trees to be removed from the ROW
Source: Affected Villages Only
Area
Vietnam Border -Kampong Cham
3.2.2. Fauna
There are no fauna will be affected by the transmission line ROW from (Vietnam Border to Kampong Cham). Since the habitats along the ROW were already cleared.
33. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
34% 33% 9%
. - .-24% 100%
Name of Trees
Coconut Slar Tree Palm Tree Mango
Total 1
The general social environment in the vicinity of the propose transmission line route is described below.
Number of Trees
1684 1625 424
- 12.14 4,947
3.3.1. Administration
The 11 5 kV transmission line routes from Vietnam Border to Kampong Cham Crosses Tbong Krnum District and Ponhea Kraek District, 10 Communes, total route 66 krn.
. Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy 16 Korea E h i c Pow? Corpomlion
InWol Environmental Eraminolion Description of the Environment
3.3.2. Population and Settlement Pattern
As shown in the Statistic Handbook 1995-2004 of Ekctricite Du Cambodge: we estimated one year after, Kampong Cham Province has a population of 1,893,138, Kampong Cham Town has a population of 53,366, Ponhea Kraek has a population of-145,763 and Tbong Krnurn has a population of 252,722.
The settlement pattern in the rural areas crossed by the transmission line route is characterized by villages generally consisting between 200-250 households located on land marginally higher than the surrounding paddy fields, either on an isolated feature or along roadsides. Settlement occurs on these sites primarily due to the lower flood hazard and better road access in these respective locations. Single houses or groups of several houses also occur on small areas of higher land surrounded by paddies. Most settlement areas appear to be only 0.5-1.0 m higher than the surrounding fields.
Kampong Cham
rable 3.3: Affected Areas
Source: Projc
Province
Kandal chnrm
Dirtrid Affected Villages
Ponhea
Commune Hour hold
Total Population
Sberk Keu - Phsar Kandal Chrum
Kandal Kaung
~ ~
Krnek
Kaung Kang
I Krnek
MinrprrV of Industry, Mines and Energy 17 Korea E M c Po- Corpomt&n
Total Affected
Household
202
161
104
1 Por Srok 1 298 1 1458
Total Affected Small Business
Shop
- Steung
Por Runglech
Kraek Thboung
Kraek Cheune
' Trapaing Plong 1
806
65 7
423
I I I I I 4
:t Area Only
293
647
213
5464
mAzF TOW
192
1 44
4
3%
227
, Traping Plong 11
Thmey
20 MIIagu
5
6
4
1425
2790
998
26478
5
6
4
97 1
590
1%2
I055
3
4
2
94
5
3
5
6
3
4
2
94
5
3
5
6
Inlilcll Environmental ExPrmination Description of the Environment
3.3.3. Land Tenure t
All land belongs to the State under the Land Law 1992, but private property rights regarding possession, use of land and rights of inheritance are recognized by this Law. Under the National Constitution of 1993, the right of private land ownership is recognized and land expropriation is prohibited, except in the national interest and with payment of fair and just compensation.
Few people hold legal land titles in Cambodia, however land tenure is largely recognized by occupation and recognition by ones neighbors. Boundaries are clearly defined in paddy areas where each field is demarcated by an earth bund, whilst residential land in villages is often fenced.
The Certificate of Possession and Use of Land is a form of title, issued by the Department of Cadastre and Geography within the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Affairs and Planning (formerly the Land Titles Department). A Certificate is obtained by a landholder by submitting an Application for Possession and Use of Land to the provincial office of the Department of Cadastre and Geography. The applicant receives a Receipt for the application, then a slow process of issue is commenced that may involve a dispute over ownership where more than one receipt has been issued for the same piece of land. The Receipt is used as evidence of ownership and is passed on when land is sold or ownership otherwise transferred.
. - . . - . . . . . Very few landholders in the project area hold any form of land title, with the majority having lodged an Application for Possession and Use of Land. Most landholders obtained their land from distribution by authorities that commenced in 1989. The remaining landholdings were either bought or inherited.
3.3.4. Land Use
Land use along the proposed route is primarily rural, with small areas of urban settlement and light industry occurring on the right side of the route from Kampong Cham to Vietnam Border (Figure 2.2). The local farming system is dominated by rice cropping, with tree crops and gardens established on slightly raised areas around dwellings where the water logging or flood hazard is lower.
The dominant crop is lowland rain fed (wet season) rice, transplanted from June-October and harvested from October-December. This crop is grown without irrigation, transplanted November-March and harvested February-May. Those areas are irrigated from water diverted out of the Preaek Chik, Boeng Krachap, Trapaing Boeng, Trapaing Tonsaong, Trapaing Plong, and small lakes. Dry season crop yields are higher than wet season yields due to controlled ,irrigation and additional sunlight.
Rice is grown as an opportunity crop on land that is significantly inundated during the wet season. Other field crops in Kampong Cham Province include mango, sweet potato, rubber tree, flower tree, banana tree, and palm tree.
Mlnistry of Industry, Mlnes and Energy 18 Korea Electric Power Corporalion
Initial Environmental Examination Descr@tion of the Endtvnment
Tree crops are mainly grown in house yards, with scattered trees grown in paddy fields. Trees are also grown on Government or community land such as watercourses and roadsides. The main tree crop is the rabber tree, which comprises around 27% of all plantation trees in villages from Vietnam Border to Kampong Cham. The rubber tree is an important tree crop in Kampong Cham Prov<nce, traditionally providing significant income. Other tree crops include mangoes, bananas, coconut palms, jackhit, papaya, cashew, milk fruit, sapodilla, orange, and bamboo.
Vegetables, cereals, herbs and spices are commonly grown in house gardens, including eggplant, cassava, sugar cane, beans, peanuts, chilly and lemongrass. Other farming activities include small scale livestock production (e.g. chicken, duck, pig and cattle raising), whilst fish, frogs and crabs are collected in paddy fields, drains and watercourses.
Grasslands, consisting of grasses and shrubs, are limited in extent, often occurring on slightly higher land that has not been settled. These areas probably were established voluntarily during an extended fallow period, on these lower quality rain fed paddy fields.
Domestic water is collected from roofs and drawn from private wells, private or communal ponds and public watercourses, and usually stored in large clay or masonry jars at each house. Stock water is mainly derived from watercourses and private and communal ponds.
Table 3.4: Land Use along the Transmission Line ROW
1
Land Class
1 Houses I tree crops I gardens 1 24.3 1 I 72.93 1 36.73% 1 Paddy
I Plantation trees I 22.88 1 68.64 1 34.57% I
Distance (km)
-- -
1 Grassland
I 16.34
Clearance Area (ha)
Source: Project Area Only
% of Route
49.02
--
Reverie features I main canals Main roads and rail Total
3.3.5. Local Economy and Household Characteristics
24.68%
The local economy along the length of the ROW is characterized by rural production and the provision of basic goods and services. The most common primary occupation is farming (38% of AP respondents), with rice providing the main source of income. Other occupations and income sources reported in the survey included: small business seller, driver, worker, officials.
- -
0.13 0.39 66.20
Reported annual household incomes ranged from $13 to $2,737, with a median income of $183 and an average of $249 (Preliminary Social .Economic Survey results).
The head of the household was identified as the "fatherhusband" by between 81-91% of
0:39 1.17
198.60
Ministry of Industry, M l n a and Energy 19 Korea Electtic Power Cotporut&n
-- -
0.19% 0.59% 100%
InWol Environmental Examination Descdption of the Envikonment
respondents in the various household surveys, with the remaining 9-19% identifying the "mother/wifeW (not necessarily single, widowed, or divorced).
Household heads were reported as having a median age of 44 years in the Preliminary Socio- economic Survey, and median level of education of seven years. The spouses of the household heads were reported as having a median age of 41 years, and median level of education of four years.
The head of severely affected APs have a level of education above that of the general population from data compiled for the 10 communes along the ROW (Vietnam Border to Kampong Cham) and 1 commune along the ROW (Laos Border to Stung Treng), with almost 14% is illiteracy while 34% is literacy compared to total population in the affected village. These figures not include the kids beyond 6 years old and the people older than 55 years old.
Table 3.5: P
Kampong Cham
xcentage of Educated P ' eo~le Affected bv the Pmiect . .
District
Chub
Commune
Chiro 2
I Mongreav Krnum
Mream Teak Slab Kdoung Vie1 Krodieng C h u b h a Chub Chambok
Suong '
Agncherm
Ministry of Indusrry, Mines 'Md Energy 20 Korea Electric Power Corporaiion
Affected Villages (Adult)
Tuol Vihea Sre Siem Andoung Chea
Cheung Khal Poun
Ponhea Krek
174 176 53 65 5 1
Cheoung Long Suong Lech Ponareay . Dang Kambet
Illiteracy
25 1 336 190
802 709 1 80 166 500
N/A 10
Srolab
Kandal c-
Kaung KB"g
Krek
Lj teracy
1230 1120 754
N/A 183
N/A N/A N/A 37 1
N/A N/A N/A 252
Damnak Char Trapaing Ku Vie1 Knach Brotheat Bat Tonlea Sberk Keu Phsar Kandal C h Toul Por Steng Por Rungleu
' Por Runglech Kandal Kaung Por Srok Krek Tboung
63 0
34 79 92 59
0
41 37
129 8 1 52 65
529
117 240 146 9 1
286 87
92
166 18 1 183 149 105 412
1527
I n M Envfronmerrld Examlnrrllon Descr@tbn of the Environment
1 I Chiman Kandal 182 1 1718 1 Chiman Lech Hu&h Lech Huoch Kert Toul Angrong Neav Nov
Trapaing Plong
124 ' 77
Andoung Chey Trapaing Plong I Trapaing Plong 2
- . - - 873
'389 493 248 297
Total 1 42 Villages 16,981 Source: Project Area Only
616 495 262
296 880
, 343 Preah Phdau Tmev
3.3.6. Energy Use and Electricity Supply
447 537 71 1
Biomass is the main source of energy in the rural areas along the transmission line route, dominated by the burning of he1 wood, charcoal and agricultural residues. These rural areas have no main electricity supply, however many households consume a small amount of electricity derived fiom batteries. Rural villages are serviced by small independent power generators that operate battery recharging businesses. Households use 12 V batteries for running a house light or television, whilst smaller batteries are used for hunting and other purposes.
430 47
Kampong Cham Town is served by a local generation and distribution system managed by the EdC. This consists of diesel generation and a distribution.
280 236
3.3.7. Transportation and Communications
Road transport in the project area primarily occurs via National Route 7 (NR7) and Route Number 72, the main arterial route in the area, which runs h m the Vietnam border to Kampong Cham Province. The section of NR 7 fiom Kampong Cham to the Vietnam Border is in good condition.
Local telecommunications are limited in rural areas along the transmission line route. Kampong Cham town is serviced by telephone landlines.
3.3.8. Historic and Religious Sites
There are no historic areas along the transmission line route or within the region of influence of the proposed line.
Minishy of Industry, Mines and Energy 21 Kono Hixtdc Power Corporation
I n W Environmental Examination Environmental Impact and M M g d n Measuns
IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGAm.ON MEASURl$S
Environmental impacts that may result from construction or operation are summarized in Table 4.1. The duration of each impact is indicted as either "permanent" (P) or "temporary" (T), whilst the "adverse" (A) or "beneficial" (B) nature of the impact is also indicated. Impacts have been classed as "primary" based on the relative significance of that impact to others.
Table 4.1 : Impact Matrix
The potential bio-physical and socio-economic impacts associated with the transmission line vary greatly between the construction and operation phases of the project. The majority of environmental impacts will occur during, or result from, line construction. The type and extent of potential environmental impacts vary depending upon topography, land use, vegetation cover
MhIstry of Industry, Mhrr and Energy 22 K o m E k d c Power Cotpodon
Issue
Land Acquisition and Land Use Change
Health & Safety
Noise
Au Quality Fauna
Erosion
Water quality & Soil contamination Historic & Religious Sites
Initiating Project Action
Tower construction; substation construction The temporary access tracks, batching plant operation; tower construction; line stringing; line maintenance Easement establishment
Construction activities Construction activities
Electricity train & distribute.
Generation replacement
Construction activities Easement establishment Line structures Vegetation removal and ground disturbance; forming of embankments
Hazardous materials storage and handling; substation Line structure
Impact
Permanent land use change
' Land use restrictions
-
Crop and land disturbance
Loss of tree resources Work Force
Construction hazards(uX0) Electrocution Radio and TV - interference Reduce noise emissions Dust emission Loss of habitat Death of flying buds Erosion
Pollution of water and soil contamination Visual and cultural impac t
Impact Duration (temlper)
P
T
P
T T
P
P
P P P P
T&P
P
Adverse Beneficial
A
A
A
A - A
A
B
B A A A
A
A
Primary Slgniflcance
X
X
X
Initial Environmental Examination Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures r
and settlement pattern.
' The primary bio-phBical impacts associated with transmission' line constructiod and --
operation are land use change and vegetation loss. Secondary potential impacts include land and crop disturbimce, habitat loss and wildlife deaths, erosion and usual intrusion.
- 4.1. NEGATIVE IMPACT m CONSTRUCTION STAGE
4.1 .l. LAND ACQUISITION AND LAND USE CHANGE
Land acquisition is required to establish the transmission line towers and poles and the substation. Land acquisition, which will depend on the final design, for the poles for the 11 5kV line will be 0.27 ha (2x2 m), whilst land acquisition for the towers sites for the 1 15 kV line will be 0.40 ha (5x5 m), (4m square tower base plus 1 m). Land to be acquired at the three substation sites in Kampong Cham Province (70m x70m) will totally be 1.47 ha. Accordingly, total land acquisition is estimated to be 1.74 ha for three substations and foot print, to be confirmed during the final design.
Most of the 1.74 ha required for the project is private land. All landowners who will have land acquired for poles will only have a single acquired site.
Mitigation Measures
Fair compensation will be paid for acquired land based on current market rates, taking into account land capability.
Owners of land acquired for 115 kV towers will be permitted to grow cereal crops under the towers.
Table 4.2: Estimated Land Acquisition
4.1.2. LAND USE RESTRICTIONS
Transmission Line Component
11 5 kV Pole Kraek Substation Suong Substation Kampong Cham Substation Total
.Land use restrictions will be placed on all land within the ROW. Vegetation will be restricted to a 3 m height, whilst no structures will be permitted to be constructed within the easement. On rural land, this will reduce the agricultural capability of land by denying the growing of most trees in the ROW. On urban or industrial l ed , land use capability will be reduced by prohibiting structures.
Minisfry offn&st% Mines and Energy 23 Kono Ekctr& Power Cotpodon
Land area
0.27 0.49 0.49 0.49
Total Area
0.67 1.82
1.74
Immediately outside the ROW tree height restrictions will also be applied, as indicated in Figure 2.6. Cereal cropping within the ROW will be permitted as this vegetation is less than 1 m high, whllst garden crops will a l b be unaffected as they are generally less than 3 m high (e.g. cassava grows to around 3 m).
Mitigation Measures
o A one-off compensation payment may be paid to affkcted landowners to offset the devaluation of land within the ROW due to reduced land capability. This payment is being considered in the Resettlement Plan, based on current or fiiture land capability, depending upon the site. No compensation will be paid for vegetation height restrictions applied to land adjoining the ROW.
4.1.3 CROP AND LAND DISTURBANCE
Disruption of farming activities and the disturbance of crops, bunds, canals and drains will occur during construction and some line maintenance activities where machinery access has to be gained and no permanent roads exist. Crop disturbance during construction will result from the establishment of a temporary 3-4 m wide access way to each tower site, the construction of each tower site and conductor stringing. Short sections of paddy bunds and drain.cana1 embankments will be temporarily removed and drains/ canals may be temporarily tilled to establish access, to be reinstated by the contractor once construction has been completed. - . . . .....-. .. - -
Major maintenance activities are likely to have a similar impact, but only at specific sites. Essential maintenance activities will mainly only disturb crops between July-December when wetland rice is grown on approximately 40 % of the ROW. Therefore, total likely crop disturbance during this period would be small.
Spoil will be created from the excavation of tower footings. Approximately 3-4 m2 of fill will be excavated to establish voids for poured concrete foundations. In addition, approximately 13,650 m2 (lm x 1.365 ha) of fill is required to construct the Soung, Kraek, Kampong Cham, assuming a 1 m depth of fill. Land disturbance may also occur at each temporary concrete batching plant site, with approximately 4,550 m2 (13,650 m2 /three substations) of land required at each substation.
Mitigation Measures
Contractor will select the suitable Machinery for construction activities in according to site situation and minimization of ground disturbance.
Construction activities on cropping land will be timed to avoid disturbance of field crops within one month of harvest (November to December) wherever possible.
Established roads and tracks will be used for construction and maintenance access to the line wherever possible.
Ministry of Industry, M i n e and En- 24 Korea Eiecttk Power Copomtion
Inithl &vimnmental Examinadon Environmental Impacl and Midgadon Measurcs
Where access is required off existing roads and tracks, access will be restricted to a single carriageway width within the ROW unless more direct and lower
'impact access can be gained. ' '
The temporary placement of-fill in drains/canals will not be permitted where impeded drainage could cause flooding or damage.
Fill temporarily placed in drains/canals will be removed, whilst excavated drain/canal embankments will be reinstated, immediately following the required access.
Compensation for lost production will be paid for crops disturbed prior to harvest based on area of disturbed crop, market price and agreed yield
Spoil excavated from tower footings will be disposed of by placement along roadsides, or at nearby house blocks if requested by landowners, to improve these features.
Winning of fill for the substation foundations by creating or improving local ponds or drains, undertaken with the agreement of local communities.
Temporary concrete batching plants will be located on disturbed sites or areas of low production potential (e.g. grassland) where possible.
SOIL EROSION
Soils along the ROW are generally susceptible to erosion due to a high dispensability, therefore ground disturbance has the potential to create an erosion hazard reduced vegetative cover from ROW clearing and general ground disturbance h m machinery operation while construction will only create a low erosion hazard as ground slopes rarely exceed 2%. Exceptions to this will be on riverbanks and on the batters of canals and drains where vegetation removal and ground disturbance on these steeper slopes may create a moderate to high erosion hazard on these specific sites. A moderate erosion hazard will also be created on embankment batters at the substation sites during and following land filling.
Mitigation Measure
Construction activities involving significant ground disturbance (i.e. substation land forming) will not be undertaken during the monsoon season (mid May to October).
Tree clearance to enable line construction and establish the ROW will seek to leave ground cover (i.e. grass and low shrubs) undisturbed as much as possible.
Tree clearing will only invoke the cutting of trees to ground level or pruning as appropriate, with tree stumps and roots retained.
Substation embankments will be top soiled and planted with a cover crop and perennial ground cover species i e i a t e l y following final land forming to provide rapid and long-term ground stabilization.
Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy 25 R o w Eleciric Power Corpotddn
InItfol Environment01 5mIrratlon Enviro~errtol Impoct ond Mitigation Measures
The fenced substation compounds will include the embankments to ensure that ground cover is protected h m over grazing or harvesting.
Excess fill h m tower foundation excavation will be disposed of by land forming next to roads or around houses, in agreement with the local community or landowner. All land-formed areas will be seeded with a cover crop and perennial grass mix.
Where fill is obtained fiom specific sites for the construction of the substation foundations, these sites will be rehabilitated by seeding with a cover crop and perennial grass mix.
4.1.5. WATER QUALITY AND SOIL CONTAMINATION
Construction activities will require a small volume of water for concreting and to supply the construction workforce with drinking water and for sanitation purposes. Water will be drawn fiom nearby streams, springs and other sources, with the agreement of local people as necessary.
Water sources are susceptible to pollution h m accidental spills of construction materials, oils and chemicals, and from human contamination from defecation. Appropriate facilities will be provided and controls placed on construction and workforce activities.
- Soil and water contamination may occur at the substations from - the -accidental release o f . .. .
transformer oil. Those substations will be bounded in accordance with standards to prevent the loss of oil off site.
Turbidity created by minor erosion and sedimentation resulting from construction will have a negligible impact on water quality.
Mitigation Measures
Fuel and other hazardous materials used during project construction will be stored in a secure manner above flood level and at least 20 m h m any body of water, watercourse, and canal or storage pond.
Substations will be constructed above at least the 1: 10 year flood level by creating a filled pad.
= Substation transformers will be located within secure and impervious bounded areas with a storage capacity of at least 110% of the capacity of oil in transformers and associated reserve tanks. Drainage flame traps with oiVwater separators will also be installed.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) will be prohibited fiom use in any electrical equipment.
Ministry of Industry, M i n a and Energy 26 Korea Electric Power Co?porotlon
I n M Environmental Examinollon Environmental Impact and Miilgation Meusnres 1
4.1.6. NOISE AND AIR QUALITY
Tower *foundation construction will be undertaken by boring machines and pile drivers, -- depending upon site conditions. This equipment will generate noise levels in the range of 55- 60 dBA at the source. -
-- Given the relatively short duration of excavation activities, and the predominantly nual location of these activities, the resulting noise impact is classified as relatively minor.
Exhaust emission from machinery used for tower and substation construction will be minor, localized and of short duration. Dust may be generated on construction sites and at the temporary concrete batching plants fhm the handling of cement, sand and aggregate.
Mitigation Measure
Construction activities will only be undertaken during the day and local communities will be informed of the construction schedule.
Batching plants will be located away from residences where possible.
Temporary concrete hatching plants will be located away from residences to reduce the potential for dust in inhabited areas.
Water spraying of construction site particularly in dry and windy condition.
4.1.7 LOSS OF TREE RESOURCES
Private and communal trees and plants above 3 m height within the 30 m wide ROW will be either removed or pruned to provide the necessary conductor clearance distance illustrated in Figure 2.6. This will involve the removal of classes as having economic value, as recorded in the asset sumey. Trees up to 3 m in height will be permitted within the ROW, such as banana palms.
In addition, large trees within 30 m of the base of towers and poles will be selectively removed or pruned to reduce the height of trees that have the potential of falling and striking these structures. Tree removal or pruning will also be undertaken immediately outside the ROW to prevent trees ftom falling and striking the lowest conductor (as low as 8 m above ground level).
Tree removal and pruning will mainly occur in settlement areas, where the majority of trees occur. Trees in the ROW from %etnam Border to Kampong Cham will be cleared or pruned on 68.64 ha of "settlement/tree/garden area" (table 3.5a) and 135 ha !?om Laos Border to Stung Treng (table 3.5b) will be cleared. Scattered trees such as sugar palms and coconut palms that are grown on paddy land, canal embankments, riverbanks and roadsides comprise the remaining trees to be removed or pruned. .
Minishy of lndushy, Mhes and Energy 27 Kona Ekcrrlc Power Corporadon
Initial Environmental Examkation En vimmnental I~mpact and Mitigation M C R I U ~
A large number of replacement trees will be grown by households outside the ROW to offset lost production, therefore the long-term loss of trees will be less than the number of tree removed. 1
Mitigation Measures
Trees that can survive pruning to less than 3 m height will be pruned to provide the required line clearance distances, not cleared.
Vegetation to be cleared will be marked prior to clearance to ensure that minimal clearance occurs. Trees that have mature heights in excess of the required clearances will be clearly marked, and only these trees will be felled or trimmed to meet the clearance requirements.
Felled trees and other cleared or pruned vegetation (wood, branches and foliage) will be made available/retained by the owner of that vegetation for histher use, or will be removed if requested by the owner.
Compensation for removed or pruned trees will be paid at fair market value based on tree type and age.
4.1.8 HABITAT LOSS
A tatal of 68.64 ha of trees consisting the areas of "housedtree cropdgardensl'will be cleared. . . . .. - . .. _ within the transmission line ROW, as well as some plantation trees. None of this vegetation is native forest, but mainly consists of intensively managed production trees (mainly fruit trees) in village areas and paddy fields, they generally are a little ofbird habitat
No areas of high habitat value were identified along the ROW, with ROW tree clearance generally restricted to managed production trees and the 30 m easement, therefore habitat loss is considered insignificant.
Mitigation Measures
Trees up to a 3 m height will be retained within the ROW
Trees that can survive pruning to less than 3 m height will be pruned to provide the required line clearance distances, nor cleared. Transmission line construction workers will be prohibited from harvesting or collecting fuel wood or other tree products in the project area during their employment, apart from the current activities of locally employed staff.
4.1.9 RESETTLEMENT
The transmission line ROW has been located to 'avoid settlements, 94 small business shops will be little affected and will require moving l m or 2m backward. Small compensation will
M h h y of lndushy, Mines and Energy 28 Koma Electric Power Corporrrslon
I n Wal Environmental Examination Envlronme& Impact curd Mirigadon Measures
be paid to the affected owners.
No impact will occur10 "host" communities where land is acquired ibr relocating householcb as these households will be relocated within their own communities.
Mitigation Measures
Replacement houses, other buildings and facilities will be constructed to a similar standard as the existing structures.
Replaced structures will, in order of preference, be located on the existing landholding outside the ROW, on a replacement block of land in the vicinity of the original building or at a similar site agreed upon with the owner.
Relocated households will retain title over their existing ROW land (except tower and substation sites) despite being compensated with a house block and an adjacent tree and garden area, thereby gaining additional land for garden production or similar.
Relocation expenses and allowances will be paid to affected households to cover for the cost of moving possessions and the cost of inconvenience during relocation.
Building materials from Structures removed from the ROW will be made available to the relocation household for its use. Materials that are not wanted by the household will be disposed of by the design and construct engineer.
4.1.10 HEALTHANDSAFE'IY
Health and Safety Factors are mainly described with providing the mitigation measures below.
A. LABOR FORCE
The numbers of cases of sexual transmitted disease may be created by the temporary influx of construction workers into the project area from construction activities and from the operation of the transmission and distribution lines.
Based on conducting site survey, the labor force within affected villages includes 7.04% unemployed, 72.63% farmers, 4.65% fishermen, 4.04 % merchants and 3.42% officials, 7.40% are laborers. The available labor force for the project would be 30,761.
Table:4.3: Labor Force within the Affected Villages
Ministry of Indusrry, Mines and Energy 29 Korea EIcelrlc Power Corpordion
The Design and Construct Contractor will prepare an Occupational Health and Safety Plan and provide related training and instructions to all staff before each person commences duties.
The construction workforce facilities provided by the Design and Construct Contractor will include proper sanitation, water supply and waste disposal facilities.
Ministry of Zndustty, Mhes and Enrrgy 30 Korea Ekchk Power CorporrrHon
Initial Environmental Eramination Environmental Impact a d Midgation Mwsvns
Public health information will be provided to the construction workforce prior to the commencement of on-site work, primarily covering the prevention of 'HIVIAIDS. 3
' '
B. CONSTRUCTION HAZARDS
Health hazards from construction activities will occur h m heavy machinery operation, the handling of hazardous materials and general construction activities. Unexploded ordinance (UXO) can probably occur within the ROW and thus poses a significant hazard at these locations.
Mitigation Measures
A boundary marker and access control will be prohibiting possible construction hazards from general construction activities.
Unexploded ordinance (UXO) will be surveyed and a boundary marker and access control (sturdy fencing with locked gate) will be performed.
4.1 .ll HISTORIC, CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS SITES
The transmission line route avoids crossing or running within close proximity of historic, cultural and religious sites, and no graves are crossed by the ROW.
Mitigation Measures
The transmission line route avoids crossing or running within close proximity of historic, cultural and religious sites, and no graves are crossed by the ROW.
4.2 NEGATIVE IMPACT IN CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE STAGE
4.2.1. ELECTROCUTION
Electrocution can occur from contact with the live conductors, flashover from the conductor to a tower and conductor breakage. Contact with live conductors or flashover to a person or object near a live line is highly unlikely to occur given that a safe minimum vertical clearance from ground level of 7 m and 6 m will be provided to both 115 kV lines respectively. The accidental failure of the transmission line involving a conductor breakage is also highly unlikely to result in people being electrocuted. Very sensitive and 100% redundant transmission line protection will be adopted for the line. This protection will detect any fault, including conductor snapping, and causes the line to be de-energized within three cycles (i.e. 60 milliseconds), thus largely avoiding the potential for electrocution from breakage. Three main methods will be used to limit the lightning voltage that may appear at a substation overhead ground wires (shield conductors fiom lightning strikes); reduced line insulation or
Ministry of Industry, M i n a and Energy 31 KO, EIcchSc Power Corpomtbn
Initial Environmental Examination Environmental Impad and Mf!igadon Measures
gaps near the transformer station; and lightning (surge) arresters, as near as possible to the transformer (discharge incoming impulses to the ground).
Mitigation Measures
Wherever towers are located close to settlements, fences, signs and metal guard structures on the towers can be used to dissuade people and wildlife such as monkeys from climbing the towers.
The use of marker balls on conductors will be considered in the detailed design of 11 5 kV lines to make the conductors more visible. Specific sites considered will include where air traffic is more likely.
Public disclosure to local community through television, radio, or brochure on danger because of electrocution.
4.2.2. RADIO AND TV INTERFERENCE
High voltage transmission lines can develop a "corona effect" caused by the ionization of air around the conductors, insulators and hardware due to a constant electric charge. This effect occurs when the stress on the air surrounding the conductor and associated hardware exceeds the breakdown strength of air. It results in power loss and electromagnetic interference to radio and television signals, producing low level noise, but does not pose a health - - . hazard. The -- corona effect is generally low in dry weather and rises as moisture levels increase.
Conductor size is a significant determinant of corona effect. The selection of a sufficiently large conductor prevents the onset of corona.
Mitigation Measures
Transmission line design will comply with the limits of electromagnetic interference from overhead AC power lines and high voltage Equipment Installation ASMZS 2344: 1997 and equivalent international standards.
Conductors (more than one conductor/phase) will be used for the 115 kV line to mitigate the corona effect.
The design of all line conductor fittings, vibration dampers, tension clamps and other line components will avoid sharp comers or projections that would produce high electrical, stresses in normal working conditions. The design of adjacent metal parts and mating surfaces will prevent corrosion of the contact surfaces and maintain good electrical contact under service conditions.
Care will be taken during manufacture of conductors and fittings and during subsequent handling to ensure smooth surfaces free from abrasion.
M i n e of Industty, Mines and Energy 32 Korea Electric Power Corpomtion
Initial Environmental Examination Environmental Impact and Mitigation M m r a
4.2.3. FLIGHT DEATHS AND ELECTROCUTION t t t
Fauna deaths during transmission line operation may result from flight impact or electrocution. Studies in Europe have identified that significmt 'numbers of avifauna may be killed, - especially in areas rich in wetland bird habitats. Limited information is available on the effect of transmission lines on mammals such as bats and monkeys.
.- A. BIRDS
Larger predatory birds can be killed by electrocution, while nocturnally active avifauna is more frequently involved in wire strikes. Medium to large waterfowl are susceptible to wire - strikes as they often lack maneuverability and have a high incidence of low-level flight activity. Bird deaths from strikes usually occur at night during rain when visibility is poor. Many losses occur when birds strikes the ground wire, which is not as visible as conductors. -
Mitigation Measures Migration flight altitude is dependent on many factors, such as flight distance, weather, wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity, time of day and topography, as well as the species, size and structure of the bird. Many important investigations on bird collision have been performed on high- and highest-voltage power lines. There is a lack of information about migratory routes, especially nocturnal ones and about any concentrations at critical heights which would increase the risk of collision.
To minimise bird deaths associated with transmission lines will be considered near the Rarnsar Site during detailed line design (at Stung Treng). Silhouettes of birds of prey attached to conductors to fighten birds Markers, such as colored balls (red) attached to conductors to enhance visibility by birds. Modifications to mitigate electrocution, such as perch guards and conductor insulation (Helland-Hansen et al, 1995).
B. MAMMALS
Mammals Bats may strike transmission line wires at night, while arboreal mammals such as monkeys may be electrocuted by climbing towers and reaching wires. Many of the mitigation measures applicable for birds will also minimise bat strike, as flight paths are similar.
Mammals may be electrocuted by either simultaneously touching a conductor and earthing on a tower, or by touching two conductors. It is expected that arboreal mammals will only utilise towers to escape from predators, chase prey or out of curiosity. The required vegetation clearance distances from the base of towers and lines will ensure that monkeys do not move directly from trees onto towers or lines. However, considering the inquisitive behaviour of monkeys, they may climb towers and consequently risk electrocution.
Mitigation Measures
Installation of screens to prevent monkeys and other arboreal mammals
- Mfnistry of Industry, Mines and Energy 33 Ron0 ElccMc Power Corpomlion
Initial Environmental Eramination Environmental Impact and Midgation Measnm
climbing towers will be considered in the design of the towers.
A monitoring program will be undertaken to determine the occurrence of fatma deaths associated with the transmission line. Additional mitigation measures will be considered if implemented measures are unsuccessfbl.
4.3. POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
4.3.1 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS
The main social and economic benefits that are intended to flow from the transmission of electricity h m Vietnam to Kampong Cham and from Laos Border to Stung Treng are:
increased electricity supply and improved supply reliability decreased cost of electricitr, electrification of un-serviced rural areas.
Increased electricity supply and improved supply reliability should eventually lead to a decrease in the cost of electricity. These benefits will indirectly promote development by making production more reliable and cost effective.
The supply of electricity to villages near the transmission line would make electricity more affordable and reduce the need for battery recharging by households .- that currently use - - electricity.
Domestic laborers will be employed in the project construction, with the minority coming from Phnom Penh. Local employment will generate income in the project area, albeit for a short duration.
Landowners who own houses to be relocated away from the ROW to a site off their existing landholding will gain a small area of additional land due to the need to purchase a house block and the retention of the ROW land.
Laborers for construction of the transmission line will be sourced from local areas where appropriate therefore the economic benefit of their income will be largely retained in the region.
It is emphasized that land acquisition for construction tower and substation sites should be at fair market value. Replacement housing will be the same quality as existing structures and compensation for cleared trees will be paid at fair market value as specified in the RP. Accordingly, no economic loss to private landholders will result h m transmission line construction.
Mitigation Measures
Labor intensive construction methods will be considered by the Design and
MinWly of lndumy, Mhes and Energy 34 KO, Elect& Power Corporadon
Inltlal Environmental Examination Environmental Impact and Mitipdon Mcosures
Construct Contractor where a time or cost penalty is not likely to be incurred in order to create employment.
~t leLt 50% of the unskilled :onstruction workfo~e bill be sourced h m the . .. . project area (Excluding Phnom Penh), as a condition of the Tender..
Contracts for the regular pruning of vegetation within and next to the ROW will be given to local village-based contractors if there is no cost penalty incurred.
4.3.2. REDUCE AIR POLLUTION
Air quality in Provincial Town will be improved as a direct consequence of electricity importation. Whilst existing HFO and LDO plants will not cease operation when the transmission line becomes operational, and electricity consumption in Provincial Towns is likely to increase as a consequence of the greater and more reliable electricity supply delivered by the project, the existing polluting generation will be reduced as soon as the transmission line is operational, leading to a reduced need to generate up to 629 GWhIa from HFO and LDO. This offsetting of generation will reduce the release of polluting gases and particulate matter in Provincial Towns, particularly S a , NOx and COz.
Ministry of Indushy, Mines and Energy 35 Kona Elcchje Power Corpodn
Initial Environmental Exomination Environmental Management Plan
V. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Comprehensive environmental management requires planning, implementation, supervision and monitoring activities to be undertaken by a range of parties prior to and during project construction and during project operation. This includes implementation of the EMP.
5.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Monitoring the implementation of environmental and social management measures is required to ensure that measures are undertaken in accordance with the EMP. Auditing the outcomes of implemented measures is also required to identify ineffective measures or implementation procedures, allowing the design of improved measures and implementation of corrective actions.
On-going monitoring of the implementation of EMP measures will be primarily the responsibility of the' DCC, PIC and IMO. Environmental and social awareness training shall be provided to all personnel whose activities and decisions can affect the environmental and social outcomes of the project.
5.2. EMP MONITORING
Monitoring the implementation of environmental and social management measures is required to ensure that measures are undertaken in accordance with the EMF and to enable measures to IYC adapted and refined as issues arise. Auditing the outcomes of implemented measures is - also required to identify ineffective measures or implementation procedm, allowing the design of improved measures and implementation of corrective actions.
Ministry of lndusfrp, Mines and Energy 36 Korea EIcctrlc Power Corporatiom
Initial Environmentrrl Examination Environmental Management Plan - Table 5.1 : Mitigation Plan
Minhtry of Industry Mine and Energy 43 Korea Electric Power Corporation
Phase
c o n s ~ t i o n
When MP is conducted- Irequency of
measurement or continuous? ,
Conseuction and Operotion
Institution Responsibility*
.
4
Contnctor
4
Mitigating Measure
Conttactor will select the suitable Machincry for construction activities in according to site situation and minimization of ground disturbance.
Construction activities on cropping land will bc timed to avoid disturbme of field crops within m e month of harvest (November to December) wherever possible.
Established roads and tracks will bc used for consbuction and maintenance access to the line whmver possible.
Where access is required off existing roads and backs, access will bc restricted to a single carriageway width within the ROW unless mom direct and lower impact access can bc gained.
The temporsly placement of fill in draindcanals will not bc permitted w h m impeded drainage could cause flooding a damage.
Fill tcinpornrily placed in drainskanals will bc m v c d , whilst excavated drainlcanal embankments will be reinstated, i d i a t e l y following the required access.
Compensation f a lost production will be paid for crops disturbed prior to harvest based on area of disturbed crop, market price and a& yield
Spoil excavated from tower footings will be disposed of by placement along madsides, or at nearby house blocks if requested by landowners, to improve thcse features.
Winning of fill for the substation foundations by mating or improving local ponds or drains, undertaken with the agreement of local c o m i t i e s .
Temporary concrete batching plants will be located m disturbed sites or
Issue
Land Acquisition and Land Use Chrnge
Impact
Crop and land disturbance
Iniriol Environmental Eramination Environrrenral Managanent Plan
areas of low pduction potential (e.g. grartland) whm possible.
Loss of T m Resource
Trao that can survive pnming to less than 3 m height will k pruned to provide the required line clearance distances, not cleared.
Vegetation to bc cleared will bc nurM prior to clauance to ensure that minimal clearance occurs. Trtes that have mature heights in excess of the
I required cltoru~ces will bc clearly mprlrsd. md only thtse trca will k felled a bimmcd to mact the clearance requirements.
Felled tnes and 0th- cleared or pruned vegetation (wood, branches and foliage) will bc d e availabldretained by the owner of t&tt vegetation for hidher use, or will bc m v e d if requested by the owncr.
Compmsatim for removed or pruned tna will bc paid at fair market valw based on fre~ typc and age.
Before Clearance
Clear~nce
Hmltb and Safcty 1 Labor Force
The Design and Consbuct C o n a h will prepare an Occupational Health and Safety Plan md provide related training and instructions to all shff bcfm esch pmon commences duties.
Thc construction workforce fncilitia provided by the Design and Conskuct Contractor will include, proper sanitation, water supply arid waste disposal facilities.
Public health informow will k provided to the construction workforce prior to the conrmmccmcnt of on-site work, primarily covering the prevention of HIVIAIDS.
Contractor
Unexploded ordinance (UXO) will be mrveyad and a boundary marker and access conml (sturdy fincing with locked pte) will be performed.
Construction Hnzards Before Construction
conmtor Construction L A boundary marker and access conml will k prohibiting possible
construction huiuds frdm genml construction activities.
Mhlpny of Indnmy Mine and Energy Korea E k f r k Power Corporation
Minldry of I n d u w Mine and Energy 45 .. Korea Elecrric Power Corporation
Contractor
.
Contractor
~on'wctor Noise md Air Quality
Electrocution
Radio and TV lntcrfmce
. .
Brains Effect
Whmver tom an located close to settlements, fences. signs and metal guard structures on the towm can be used to dissuade people and wildlife such as monkeys from climbing the tom.
'Ihe use of marker balls on conductas will bc considcred in Ihe detailed design of I IS kV line to make the conductors mac visible. Specific sites considered will include where air h d i c is mac likely.
Public disclosure to local community thmugh television, radio, or bmchure on danger became of electrocution.
Transmi~ion line design will comply with the limits of electromagnetic interfamu from ovcrtresd AC power lines and high voltage Equipment Installation kI0iZ.S 2344: 1997 and equivalent international standards.
Conductors (more than one conductalphase) will bc used for the 1 IS kV line to mitigrte the corona effect.
Thc design of all line conductor fittings, vibntion darrpm, tension clarrps and other line components will avoid sharp c o m a or projections that would produce high electrical sbases in normal working conditions. 'lhe design of adjacent metal pa^% and mating surfacer will pnvcnt corrosion of the contact surfaces and maintain good electrical contact under service conditions.
Can will bc taken during manufacture of conductm and fittings and during subsequent handling to ensure s m t h surfaces free from abrasion.
Construction activities will only be undertaken during the day and local communities will bc infonncd of the construction schedule.
Batching plants will be located away from residences where possible.
Temporary concrete hatching plants will bc located away from residences to reduce the potential for dust in inhabited areas.
Bcforc Consb~ctiOn
Cmsmction
Operation
Befm Construction
Construction
Operation
Initial Envuonmmtal Eramination Environmental Mmagement P h
M i d m y of Industry Mine and Energy
-
K o m EIcchlc Power Corporation
Fauna
E d o n
Habitat Loss
Bird and Mammal ba ths
Soil Erosion
Water spraying of construction site porticuhrly in dry and windy condition.
T m s up to a 3 m height will be m i n e d within the ROW
Trees thnt can survive pruning to less than 3 m height will be pruned to provide the required line clearance distances, nor cleared.
Transmission line construction wxkcrs will bc prohibited from harvesting or collecting fuel wood or other bee products in the project area during their employment, apart from the current activities of locally employed staff.
To minimisc bird denths associated with bvlsmission lines will be c o n s i d d near the R a m r Site during detailed line design (at Stung Tmg).
Silhouetta of birds of prey attached to conductors to frighten birds
Markers, such as c o l d balls (red) attached to conductors to enhance visibility by birds.
Modifications to mitigate ekctmcution, such as perch guards and conductor insulation (Helland-Hanscn ct al, 1995).
installation of screens to prevent monkeys and othcr arboreal mammals climbing t o m will bc considacd in the deign of the towm.
A monitoring progam will be undatrkcn to determine the occumncc of fauna denths associated with the bmmission line. Additional mitigation masurcs will be considacd if ifiplcmcnted measures are unsuccessful.
Constnrction activities involving significant ground disturbance (i.e. substation land forming) will not be undcrukm during the monsoon season (mid May to October).
I
c l a r ~ n c e to enable line conshuction and establish the ROW wll seek to lave ground cover (i.e. grass and low shrub) undisturbed as m c h as possible.
Ekfm Construction
Before Construction
Conshuctirn
Opmtion
& f m Conshuction
Consbuctim
ContrPctor
Conbactor
ContrPctor
2
s C E '
B
2: 3 0 a - F Z " c - q v g 5
t?s - B 0 l 0 = w 6; 0 9. = 2 g.
g; a
rn B rn m
z 2
P.
S D
F S $ s :
P 2 S
s. 8
n 9 . 3 2
.
f !i
.
I- Environmental Examhation Envhnmenlcrl Management Plan
Table 5.2 : EMP Monitoring Plan
I monitored? monitoring
Issue
fiequencv of measurement or
I I equipment? 1 continuous? I CONSTRUCTION I 1 I I
What parameter is to be
monitored?
- Visual - Interview villagers
Where is the parameter
to be
Crop ud land d i ~ c e
Weekly
How is the parameter to be monitored/
- Construction machine - Condition of access mad's to batching plant locotion
Rrrwk TICCS to be cleared or pruned to 3m
ROW and access mad to tcmponuy of batching plant
When consbuctim stPrts
ROW
When is the parameter to be monitored-
Whcn consbuctim is completed
Weekly - EDCRMU - Forestry Administrative
Responsibility ; .
After clared and primed- completed
When consbuctim is corrpletcd
Visual
Start Date
&fore clcarcd or pnmedtne starts
End Date
- Health and safety planning.
- Sanitation, water supply and garbage.
- Give public health information before consbuction starts.
S itc Visual Once per month Whcn construction starts
construction Hazards Thc sitc that have , UXO Makc fence surrounding the UXO sita.
Whcn construction starts
Visual When conslmctiun is corrpleted
Elccbocution protection equipment - Use color balls
attached to conductors
I
Site Visual :I Evw3mnths
Weekly E m M u
MIrrishg o f l d u ~ Mine and Energy 48 Korea Electr& P o w Corponrf&n
Whm conshuction starts
When construction is corrplctcd
Radio and TV - Equipment Installation In tcrfcrmce ASMZS 2344 or Substation Visual When equipment
equivalent attached to anived site. conductors at a c h
EDCPMU 1 ~ h m c m m t i m hen construction
is coqleted
construction schedule
Brains Effect
Habitat Loss - Riority of m and vegetable.
- PMledtr&t03m - Prohibit the collection
of tree products from
- Batching sites
- Lhy time consmction
- Infixmation of
Once per month - fmrporary batching plants.
- ROW
ROW and Sitt - Visual - Interview with
- Once per month
- Visual - Interview with
Villagers
Soil Emsion ( -Foot print digging for I Pole and substation 1 Visual 1 - Weekly I - -
~ -
I pole. 1 location 1 I I I - Dike of Substation I I I -Oncepermonth
Contamination
- 61 pnd wous material storage.
- PCBs use in electricity equipment.
storage. - Substation, grid
substation and msfomrt .
atter raining Wcekly when electricity equipmt arrived sitt.
I EDCPMU
~ i ~ t o r i ~ and culhlral Sitt for vishle Effect
EDCPMU
EDCPMU
EDCPMU
Rrority of Historic and cu'tunl
EDCPMU ROW
is completed
Whm constmetion StaN
When it was found
is conpleted
When construction is c q l e t e d
is conpleted
is conpleted
Ministry of Industry Mine and Energy Korea Electric Power Corpomtion
.
Initial Environmental Exominorlon Environmental Management Plan
5.3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES
EDC and the PMO (Fhnom Penh) will be responsible for ensuring the project complies with t he environmental policies, procedures, and best practices of the GoC and World Bank. EDC w ill check the specifications and special provisions that are set out in the construction contract. The Project Implementation Consultant (PIC) will be responsible for ensuring, on a day-to- day basis, that the mitigation measures and monitoring activities identified in t h e EMP are properly implemented.
EDC will be required to assign two environmental specialists in Phnom Penh during the const ruction phase and one permanent environmental specialist during project implementation to efficiently implement the required environmental monitoring and evaluation works at the sites. Additionally, an External Monitoring Agency (EMA) will be required to include a bird specialist or engage the services of an internationally recognized NGO specializing in bird issues associated with development projects: in particular transmission line projects. The EMA will coordinate its' efforts with the PIC. Environmental procedures to be followed are described below :
Data Collection
Construction Most data collection would be performed by the PMO (Phnom Penh). Some monitorin
g activities (see Monitoring Plan) are the responsibility of government authoritiesfe.g.+orest - - -
Authority and Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts for cultural properties), again these are specif ied in the Monitoring Plan.
Operation The EDC Office of Social, Environment and Public Relations will have full responsibi
lity for most data collection. Issues related to bird flights and any associated impacts h m the transmission line would be the responsibility of the EMA.
Data Aoalysis
Construction Data will be analyzed by the PMO with PIC assistance.
Operation Data will be analyzed by EDC. EDC will include one environmental specialist assigned to ana lyze all the environmental data collected. Information regarding bird flight and associated imp acts would be analyzed by the EMA.
report in^ (Including Recommended Actions)
Construction The PMO assisted by the Design and Construction Contractor, the PIC and the EMA will prep are environmental reports and any recommendations for fiuther actions based upon on their d
M i n i m of Industry, Mines and Energy 50 Korea E&ctc Power Corpordbn
I n M Environmental &amination bl2nvhnmental Management Plan
ata analysis and issue reports as follows:
Weekly reports to EDC Management (Corporate Planning and Project Department)
Quarterly reports to EDC Management (Corporate Planning and Project Department), MIME, and the Ministry of Environment
Semiannual reports EDC Management (Corporate Planning and Project Department), MIME, the Ministry of Environment and the World Bank
Annual reports to EDC Management (Corporate Planning and Project Department), MIME, the Ministry of Environment and the World Bank
Reporting to the World Bank will be done as part of EdC regular reporting requirements. Each repart to the World Bank will be required to include a separate section on environment, whic h will include a summary of the findings, any environmental issues that occurred during the re porting period and how they were managed, or how they will be managed, and a schedule for completion.
Operation EdC, MIME, the Ministry of Environment and the World Bank will receive reports at least an nually.
Construction The PIC and EDC Management (Corporate Planning and Project Department), possibly with r ecommendations fiom the Ministry of Environment will be responsible for implementing any recommendations presented in the environmental reports.
Operation EDC Transmission and Distribution Department will be responsible for implementing any rec ommendations presented in the environmental reports.
MInLelty of Indusrtp Mines and Energy 51 Korea Elcchic Power Corporadon
VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION
6.1. OBEJECTIVES OF PUBLIC CONSULATION
Information dissemination is made to consultation with and participation of PAPS to reduce the potential for conflicts, minimize the risk of Project delays, and enable the Project to design smoothly as a comprehensive development program to suit the needs and priorities of the PAPS, thereby maximizing the economic and social benefits of the investment. Specific objectives of the public information campaign and public consultation are as follows:
a To establish a clear, easily accessible and effective complaint and inform about environmental impacts & mitigation measures.
a To share filly the information about the proposed Projects, its components and its activities, with the PAPS.
a To obtain information about the needs and priorities oft the PAPS, as wet1 as .
information about their reactions to proposed policies and activities. a To obtain the cooperation and participation of the PAPS and communities in activities
required to be undertaken for environmental management. a To ensure transparency in all activities related to environmental impact & mitigation
measure.
6.2. METHODOLOGY - -
During the site survey in February and March, 2006, the study teams conducted interviews and consultations with villagers, head of villages, and head of communes for Vietnam Border- Kampong Cham and Laos Border to Stung Treng transmission line Project. The study teams directly visited houses of head of village, head of commune, and invited affected villagers to attend the consultation meeting.
According to data sheets, general information of the villages, specific information of affected land, villagers' attitudes and comments towards the project's impact were collected by interviews.
The consultants visited the villages where the transmission lines are passing and met the affected people there. And consultants presented the offtcial document issued by MIME to the head of the village and the related people and had a discussion about the environmental impacts and mitigation measures which can happen during the project.
6.3 PARTICIPATION
Public participation includes both the information exchange (dissemination and consultation), and collaborative forms of decision-making (participation). Dissemination refers to transfer of information from Project authoritL(EdC Counter partner) to the affected population. Consultation, on the other hand, generally refers to joint discussion between 49 Project authorities and the affected population serving as a conduit for transfer of information and
Ministry of Industry, M i n a and Energy 52 KO- Eltctric P o w Corpomtbn
Initial Endtvnmcntal &amlnrUlon ConsuIration - sharing of ideas. The date of consultation is as follows:
- Kampong Cham MarCh 14,2006 to March 18: 2006 - Kampong Cham May 05,2006 to . May . ... 09,2006
- Table 6.1: List of Consultation information
Minicny of Industry, Mhes and En- 53 Eoma E k i d c Power Corporation -
Village Names
Andoung Chea
Chubkroa
Poun
Suong Lech
Dang Kambet
Phsar Kandal Chrum
Steng
Chiman Kandal
Trapaing Pring I
Date
March 15, 2006
March 16, 2006
March 16, 2006
March 17, 2006
March 18, 2006
2006
May 05, 2006
May 06, 2006
May 07, 2006
May 08, 2006
No
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
Province
I
Kampong Cham
Povince
Head of Commune Mr. Vong Seang Heang
Mr. Kan Kuhly
Mr. Som Hey
Mr. Chhuong Pherom
Mr. Nov Oun
March--- Mr. Bul Ean
Mr. Sok Kimc hann
Mr. Men Be
Mr. Suon Ty
Mr. Hem Phat
Head of village 4 heads of village
4 heads of village
2 heads of
! 2 heads of village
2 heads of village
4 heads of village
5 heads of village
5 heads of village
8 heads of village
7 heads of village
Affected Villager Including Affected Villagers Including Affected Villagers Including Affected Villagers Including Affected Villagers Including Affected Villagers Including Affected Villagers Including Affected Villagers Including Affected Villagers Including Affected Villagers Including Affected Villagers
Initial Environmental Eramination
Figure 6.1 : Consultation wil Head of Chiro 2 Commune
Figure 6.2: Consultation w h Head of Chub Commune
Figure 6.3: Consultation with lead of Mong Reav Commune
Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy 54 Korea Electric Power Corporallon
Initial Environmental Exatninatlon ConsuIfation
Figure 6.4: Consultation with Head of Kandal Chrum Commune
Figure 6.5: Consultation with Head of Suong Commune
Minishy of Industv, Mlnes and Energy 55 Korca Eletiric Power Corpodon
I n k 1 Envhnmental Examination ConsuIrotion
Figure 6.7: Consultation with Head of Kaung Kang Commune
ith I lead of Angerm Commune
Head of Kraek Commune
Ministry of Industty, Mines and Energy 56 Kowa Elect& Power Corporation
Initial Environmental Eramination Consdtation
ead
Furthermore the public consultation meeting held on 13 November 2006 at Tbong Khmum District, Kampong Cham Province. Purpose of the this meeting to inform and disclose of the project activity to stakeholders on Project Impact on households, shops, tree, vegetable and land use of the people that live along the 115kV ROW from Vietnam Ebrder (Trapaing Plong) to Kambong Cham.
The public consultation have presented of subject like scope of the project, project activities, potential of the environmental and social impact, especially impact on local communities that live along the 115 kV transmission line (along national road No 7). The attendants had more questions and recommendation as summary as follow:
Ministry oflndustty, Mines and Energy 57 Korea Electric Power Corporation
MINUTE OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION ON
SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENT AND RESETTLEMENT MEETING
KAMPONG CHAM PUBLIC CONSULTAION SESSION
Date : November 13,2006
Time and Venue: 8:30-12:OO at Tbong Khmum District
This public consultation meeting attended by the local authority, concerned institution of the
projects such as electricity of Cambodia, Ministry of Economy and Finance, Ministry of
Environment, and representative of H.E Governor of Province, representative of concerned
departments in the province, authority of district, commune, village and reporter.
Consultation session was introduced by Mr. MA0 Hour, Head of EDC Karnpong Cham, followed
by a representative h m EDC Head Office (Phnom Penh), Mr. MA0 Visal and Mr. CHEN
Sophanna, made presentation on social and environmental impact and resettlement, which was
followed by comments and questions.
Summary of Main Points Discussed: - - . . . . . . - - - - - -
Before posing the questions and commending in this consultancy meeting, Mr. CHEN Sophanna
raised the reasons of established this meeting that, it is an essential part of the project to be
disseminated the awareness of the project and consultation with the ministry, department concerned
and the local authority and the people living along the transmission line trace required the
advantage and suffered impact due to the project to obtain those commends to discuss with
awareness and find out good measures to alleviate the bad impacts possible.
Comment 1: Mr. BUN Eng, Director of Public Work and Transportation, KGC
A. HV Poles Location at point of Cambodia-Vietnam and Cambodia-Laos border, did the border now have clearly location?
B. Resolve well with affected people to avoid after completion of the project left issue to local
authority.
C. Compensation on the land effected should be the same cost.
Res~onse: By Mr. MA0 Visal
A. The Electricit6 du Cambodge (EDC) is responsible on eclectricity technical issue but border .
issue is under the border commission of the both governments being resolved actively and
presently being marked poles consequently.
B. The Inter-ministry of Resettlement Committee (IRC) will be established for implement on
resettlement plan (RP), compensation, grievance redress etc. IRC have the representative from
Electricity of Cambodia, Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy, Council of Ministers,
Ministry of Economy and Finance, Ministry of Land Management Urbanization and
Construction and ministry, institution concerned. And the provincial sub-committee involved by
H.E Governor of province or deputy governor as the chairman, representative of concerned
departments, representative of authorities of district, commune and village are the members. We
are implementing to Detail Measurement Survey, Sign contract with affected people,
compensation and acceptance and resolve the grievance before the project start. So we work
together, EDC will not drop the problem to the local authority.
C. We could not compensate for the land in the same price for all location because by the guideline
and policy of the World Bank and Royal Government of Cambodia will compensate the land by
categories such as rice field, housing, commercial, forest lands and so forth and the follow the
market price. And the land cost shall be determined to respective land category and the adoption
to the cost by the Royal Government and the World Bank.
Comment 2: Mr. MOL Ean, Chief of Sralop Commune
A. Through the presentation ROW general run fiom 15-25m from road center but public gathering
places, market zone with distance from housing only 13m, so it impacts more the constructions
and houses. How is the policy of the project for this issue?
Response: By Mr. MA0 Visal
A. The transmission line , generally run from 15-25m fiom road center, and the minimum distance
h m houses to transmission line is 6.5m. The drawing design when the location could not locate
in accordance with the technical specification, shall change the ROW along rice field, behind
the village to avoid most impact, and in case that any less impact where could not avoid, the
royal government will compensate follow the market price.
Comment 3: Mr. SIM Sithon, Governor of Tbong Khmurn District
A. During working or implementing the project, please inform to the local authority for the
convenience to cooperation.
8. The people need electricity as soon as posible and in the cheap price.
Response: By Mr. MA0 Visal
A. During studying this project previously, we made the notice to H.E governor of province and
some provincial departments related to the date survey. The public consultancy meeting is a part
5 9
made ladies, gentlemen the representatives to local authority and department concerned to be
aware and commend to the socio-environmental impact. Furthermore during detail measurement
survey have participation fiom ladies, gentlemen of local authority and department concerned
who are the members of sub-commission and working group.
B. About the electriaity consumption chargg after connecting the Atwork will be cheaper han the
current price, but I could not tell fix the price. Because the fix price will be set by Electricity
Authority of Cambodia. Such as Ponhea Krek area, electricity price recently is 650R/KWH,
after interconnecting with Vietnam. By the schedule the procurement stage is need 8 months
and Design, Delivery and Construction stage is need 20 months.
Comment 4: Mr. PRUM Oeun, Chief of Krek Tbong Village
A. After completed construction, the land under transmission line is belonging to Elktricitt du
Cambodge or land owners?
Res~onse: By Mr. CHEN Sophanna
A. The land under the transmission line trace still belongs to the land owner people, they could
grow some crops such as rice, corn, banana, and crops with its height not over 3m. But for foot
printed poles size 2m x 2m will belongs to ElktricitC du Cambodge, after compensation to
effected people. F
Comment 5: By Mr. OU Sophom, Representative of Environment Ministry
A. The transmission line run along the walk side, and the public gardering places and market place
shall be run behind the village, what is the measure of Elktricitt du Cambodge?
B. This transmission line through school or not? If yes, please disclose to the school director to
forward the students to avoid the accident occurred as the transmission line constructed before.
Res~onse: By Mr. CHEN Sophanna
A. Pursuant with the Prakas No. 06 of the Royal Government on the determination of the walk side
along national road No. 7 is 25m fiom road center. During survey in details, the HV poles
location shall be avoided much impacts the houses, we could avoid to the least.
B. This public consultation meeting, Elktricitk du Cambodge invited a representative of provincial
department of education youths and sports to disclose the awareness to students on the
advantage of electricity and the Electricity of Cambodia will organize the broadcast the measure
to prevent the accident occurred fiom the electrical transmission line in brochures, newspapers,
and TV before operation.
Comment 6: Mr. SEM Soeung, Representative of Ponheakrek District .I A. For the villages, communes have distance 2-3 lan h m the national road, will the Elktricitb du
Cambodge supply electricity to them?
Response: By Mr. CHEN Sophanna
A. ElktricitC du ~ a m b o d ~ e requests the l o b for rural grid extdsion project (40h arbund
provincial town) to the World Bank for 1 1 provinces-cities, including Kampong Cham province,
but the bank adopted only 5 provinces-cities, excluding Kampong Cham province, due to this
province does not have transmission lines project. I hope that in the near fbture, the Electricity
of Cambodia will raise the request to the donors and credit institution or the investment by its
own budget to study this.
Comment 7: Mr. MA0 Hour, Chief of Kampong Cham Electricity
A. About pole marking at border is alright, because the previous project connects the electrical
power along Vietnam border with Ponheakrek district (Trapaing Thlong), we have determined
in the agreement that the electrical poles are not the border limit, and the principle meters
installed near the border point.
B. Requests the kids or ones who are not the electricity agents climb the electrical poles because it
could be in accident by shocking however the electrical poles are 220V, 22KV or 1 15KV.
C. The budget for construction is the grant aid, please authorities of village, commune, district
kindly to disclose to the people to be aware of the project and vanquish the people to invade and
construct the houses in the walk side where is to construct the electrical transmission line for
this t smoothly project conducts.
D. The electricity governed by the Electricity of Cambodia at Ponheakrek is only one, and sub-sale
to the license holder at other areas with different price in accordance with the pricing by the
Electricity Authority of Cambodia
Response: By Mr. CHEN Sophanna
A. Thank for the good recommendation.
Comment 8: Mr. YIN Buntith, Secretary General of Kampong Cham Province Hall - A. It is a fortunate of Kampong Cham province suffered transmission line project to be planned to
funding of 18 millions US dollars by the World Bank in accordance with the previous - presentation finds that the less socio-environment impact, compared to the great advantage to
socio-economics obtained from this,project. - B. After ending this meeting, plays its two important affiirs to do, first is to disclose to the people
to be aware of the advantage of electricity and second is the participation on behalf of territorial - authority because the participation of the people and the territorial authority is a factor made the
project achieved successfblly as planned. - 6 1
I .- - - -
-1 b- C. The territorial authority shall be interested in new illegal constructions occurred and prevented
on time.
\- D. Thanksgiving to the World Bank who funds for the construction of transmission lines to our
province.
Res~onse: By Mr. CHEN Sophanna
1 - Thanks the precious recommendation of Secretary General of Kampong Cham province hall.
