The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

i

Initial Environmental Examination Document Stage: Final Project Number: 38254 January 2010

India: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 2)—Basavakalyan Prepared by Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation For the Government of Karnataka North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

i

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank ASP – Activated Sludge Process BM – Bituminous Macadam DoEEF – Department of Ecology, Environment and Forests EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan EP Act – Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 GoI – Government of India GoK – Government of Karnataka GSB – Granular Sub-base IEE – Initial Environmental Examination KSPCB – Karnataka State Pollution Control BoardMLD – Million Litre per Day MoEF – Ministry of Environment and Forests MSL – Mean Sea Level MSS – Mix Seal Surface NKUSIP – North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program NOC – No Objection Certificate NOx – Oxides of Nitrogen OM – Operations Manual PCC – Profile Concrete Course PWD – Public Works Department RSPM – Respirable Suspended Particulate MatterSOx – oxides of sulphur STP – Sewage Treatment Plant RSPM – Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter TSPM – Total Suspended Particulate Matter WMM – Wet Mix Macadam WRDO – Water Resource Development Organization

i

CONTENTS

Sl. No. Particular Pg No. I INTRODUCTION 1-8

A. Overview 1 B. Methodology 1 C. Environmental Regulatory Compliance 4 D. Procedures for Confirmation of Environmental Considerations 4 E. Scope of IEE 8 F. Report Structure 8

II DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS 9-20 A. NKUSIP Investment Program Goal 9 B. Need for Infrastructure Improvement 9 Part A: Environmental Sanitation Infrastructure 10 Part B: Water Supply Infrastructure 10 Part C: Urban Storm Water Drainage 10 Part D: Urban Road Improvement 11 Part E: Poverty Alleviation 11 Part F: Non-Municipal Infrastructure 11 Part G: Institutional Development 11 Part H: Investment Program Assistance Facility 11

C. Project Components 12 D. Project Description 13 1. Sewerage System Improvements 13 2. Water Supply Infrastructure 16 3. Slum Improvement Works 19

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 21-33 A. Environmental Profile of Basavakalyan 21 1. Topography & Geology 21 2. Soil 22 3. Climate 22 4. Land Use Pattern 24 5. Water Quality 25 6. Ambient Air Quality 29 7. Ambient Noise quality 31 8. Social Environment 32 9. Forest & Biodiversity 32 10. Demographic Characteristics 32 11. Socio- Economic Base 32 B. Environmental Settings of Investment Program Component Sites 33 1. Sewerage Treatment Plant site at Betbelkunta Village 2. Water Treatment Plant at Mustapur Dam

ii

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING OF SUB COMPONENTS 34 A. Introduction 34

V. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & MITIGATION MEASURES 34-57 A. Overview 35 1. Potential Impact & Mitigation measures under Sub Components of

Sewerage System 35

2. Potential Impact & Mitigation measures under Sub Components of Water Works

45

3. Potential Impact & Mitigation measures under Slum Improvement Works 53

VI INSTITUTIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITY 58-62

VII ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 63-69 1. Detailed Environmental Monitoring Plan for proposed Sewerage System,

Water Supply System and Slum Improvement Works 63

2. Environmental Monitoring Cost 68

VIII PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 70-71 A. Overview 70 B. Grievance Redressal Mechanisms 71

IX ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 72-84 A Overview 72 1. Environmental Management Plan for proposed Sewerage work 73 2. Environmental Management Plan for proposed Water Supply work 78 3. Environmental Management Plan for Slum Improvement Works 81

X FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS 86-87 1. Prioritization based on Environmental Issues 86 2. Screening Results List of Tables Table 1: Environmental Assessment Requirements for Project Loans 4 Table 2: Summary of Relevant Environmental Legislations for Sewerage

Sub Project in Basavakalyan 5

Table 3: Summary of Relevant Environmental Legislations for Water Supply Projects

7

Table 4: Project Area, Present and Projected Population in Basavakalyan Town

12

Table 5 Details of Sewerage Infrastructure Proposed in Basavakalyan 12 Table 6: Project Description 14 Table 7: Estimated Net Water Demand in Basavaklayan CMC area 16 Table 8: Annual Water Demand and Supply Deficit of Water in Design

Years 17

Table 9: The proposed system 17

iii

Table 10: The proposed work for Basavakalyan Town under Water Supply System

18

Table 11: Detail of Notified Slums in Basavakalyan Town 19 Table 12: Identified Proposed Slum Improvement Works 20 Table 13: Soil Condition of Basavakalyan Town 21 Table 14: Climatic Condition of Basavakalyan Town 23 Table 15: Existing Land use Pattern (LUP) 24 Table 16: Existing Landuse Pattern (LUP) 25 Table 17: CPCB Standard for Water Quality of Surface Water 26 Table 18: - Physico-chemical Parameters of Tripuranthkeshwar Lake 27 Table 19 : Ground Water Quality of Basavakalyan 29 Table 20: Waste Water Quality, Basavakalyan 30 Table 21: Ambient Air Quality Standards (National) 31 Table 22: Standard of Noise Level 32 Table 23 : Screening of Impacts 36 Table 24: Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures of

Sewerage Sub Component 36

Table 25: Potential Environmental Impacts Of Water Supply System 45 Table 26: Impact & Mitigation Measures of Proposed Water Works 46 Table 27: Impact & Mitigation Measures for proposed Slum Improvement

works 53

Table 28 : Institutional Roles and Responsibilities 60 Table 29 : Training Needs (2010 – 2026) 61 Table 30:Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage System 63 Table 31 Water Works and Slum Improvement Works for Basavakalyan

Town 67

Table 32: Environmental Monitoring Cost for Water works 68 Table 33: Issues Addressed during Public Consultation along STP Site and

Local People in town and slums in Basavakalyan 70

Table 34: Environmental Management Plan for Proposed Sewerage & Sanitation System

73

Table 35: Environmental Management Plan for Water Works 78 Table 36: Impact & Mitigation Measures for proposed Slum Improvement

works 81

Table 37: Matrix of Environmental Impacts of Proposed Works 86 List of Maps Map 1: Project Area Map 2: proposed Sewerage network Map 3: Details of STP site Map 4: STP site at Nandikur and Surrounding area Map 5: Water Supply Zone Map 6: Proposed Alignment of Raw Water Pumping Main Map 7: Slum location List of Figure

iv

Fig 1:Site Location of Proposed STP at Betbelkunta Village Fig 2: Approach road to STP Site Fig 3: Wind Rose Diagramme Annexure Annex 1:REA Checklist for Basavakalyan Sewerage Sub Project Annex 2:REA Checklist for Basavakalyan Water Supply Sub Project

1

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Overview 1. The Government of Karnataka (GoK) through the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) has prepared the North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Programme (NKUSIP) under the Asian Development Bank assistance. The proposed NKUSIP is the logical follow-on investment program to the ongoing Loan 2312-IND. The NKUSIP is being formulated as a sector loan with a multitranche financing facility modality. The project goal is to facilitate economic growth in the five towns of North Karnataka under Package 3 and bring about urban basic services to the citizens that are environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. Outputs from several vital studies, financial assessment and social and Environmental Assessment, etc, have formed the backbone for the programme appraisal leading to approval of loan. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Report is considered as an important tool for incorporating environmental concerns at the project level. IEE should be carried out as early as the project planning stage as part of feasibility thus it can assure that the project will be environmentally feasible. 2. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of the proposed sub projects in ’Basavakalyan Town’ is provided in this section following the guidelines of Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) Environment Policy (2002) and Environmental Assessment Guidelines (EAG) (2003). As the Sewerage System and Water Supply Plan, Slum Improvement Works for Basavakalyan Town in Phase I aim to improve the quality of life by significantly improving the environmental conditions of the city, the environmental impacts are expected to be low and hence a rapid assessment has been performed. The Environmental Assessment is based on reconnaissance surveys, primary and secondary data obtained during actual field surveys, analysis, and from various concerned government departments. The report describes environmental baseline condition of city, existing environmental policies and relevant legislations and administrative framework applicable for the proposed sub component of NKUSIP Package-3. The part covers environmental impacts and mitigation measures for construction and operation phases of the project. Categorisation of project impact has been identified. The Environmental Management Plan and Monitoring Plan are substantiating the IEE report. The IEE report has been prepared as per requirements of ToR of Programme Consultants’ Services. B. Methodology 3. Environmental Assessment (EA) is the process in which environmental factors are integrated into project planning and decision making in details so as to achieve ecologically sustainable development. It aims at predict environmental impacts at an early stage in project planning and design, find ways and means to reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local environment and present the predictions and options to decision-makers. By using EA both environmental and economic benefits can be achieved, such as reduction of cost and time of project implementation and design, avoid treatment/clean-up costs and impacts of laws and regulations. The methodology adopted for the preparations of feasibility study for the environmental assessment of these sub project are as follows:

(i) Collection, documentation and analysis of environmental baseline (ii) Environmental Screening. (iii) Assessment of Environmental Effects. (iv) Mitigation Measures (v) Preparation of Environmental Monitoring Plan. (vi) Preparation of Environmental Management Plan

1 Collection, Documentation and Analysis of Environmental Baseline Data

2

4. The Data was obtained from secondary sources and also the primary data obtained by conducting survey, testing and field investigation

2 Reconnaissance Survey 5. The study team visited the selected alignment of sewer line and proposed Sewer Treatment Plant, Water pipe line. Environmental features are being carried out in this survey.

3 Collection, Collation and Analysis of Data 6. Most of the data collected from the secondary sources. However, primary data field investigation has been drawn. Secondary information was collected from state maps, town maps, census handbooks, Forest Department, Metrological Department, Water Works Deptt and other government publications as well as reports prepared for other projects in town. The data information collected from both primary and secondary sources were collated and analysed.

4 Documentations of Baseline Conditions

7. The documentation of the baseline conditions was completed for Project Influence Zone as per the ADB Guidelines. Primary surveys were carried out for determination of field existing scenario.

5 Environmental Screening 8. Environmental screening is necessary to assess the environmental effects associated with the Project with respect to human health and natural resources. It is also required to categorise the project in terms of its environmental impacts. Environmental screening has been done in line with the guidelines provided in the EAG of ADB (2003).

6 Assessment of Environmental Effect 9. Potentials and significant impacts were identified on the basis of analytical review of baseline data (both primary and secondary); review of land uses and environmental factors within the Project Influence Zone (PIZ). Identification of the probable environmental effects and needful actions at an early stage of the project facilitate in mitigation of the effects. The environmental effects are therefore, assessed for three stages of implementation of the project i.e. Planning and Design (Pre-Construction), Construction and Post-Construction.

7 Mitigation Measures 10. Environmental effects anticipated from the Project have been identified based on the environmental screening. Appropriate measures are needed to mitigate such effects. The environmental effects and corresponding mitigation measures required during the Pre-Construction, Construction and Post-Construction phases of the project have been identified accordingly.

3

Flow Chart 1: Methodology of Initial Environmental Examination

Identification of Objectives

Collection of Data Documentation Baseline Analysis

Environmental Screening

Assessment of Effect

Mitigative Measures

Monitoring Plan & Management

Plan

Primary Sources

Secondary Sources

•Reconnaissance survey for laying Sewer Line •Field verification for STP site, WTP Site, Pumping Stations, WHT

• Survey of India, Map

• Census Handbook, • District Gazetteer • Pollution Control

Board Karnataka • Water works Deptt, • Geological Survey of

India Map • Forest Deptt • Deptt of Ecology,

Environment & Forest

• Meteorological Deptt,

• Archeological Deptt • City Municipal

corporation • Irrigation & Minor

Irrigation Deptt. • District Collectorate

• Primary Surveyed data in Statistical data format

• Collected secondary data, report

• Collation of data of Requisite ADB format

• Project Influence Area

• Project Impact Zone ;

Categorization of Project

Impact & Mitigative Measures for

• Planning Phase • Construction

Phase • Operation Phase

Physical Environment

Biological Environment

• Pre Construction Phase

• Construction Phase

• Operation Phase

4

8 Preparation of the Environmental Monitoring Plan and Management Plan 11. Timely actions are needed to help in mitigating the environmental effects. Consultants have therefore prepared an Environmental Monitoring Plan and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) covering environmental issues, mitigative measures and actions required. Actions required for various agencies have also been identified in the EMP. The EMP has been prepared for three phases of the project namely Pre Construction, Construction and Post Construction phases. C. Environmental Regulatory Compliance: 12. The section discusses the existing environmental policies, relevant legislations with respect to the Sewerage sub projects, water supply sub projects, slum improvement works and the administrative frameworks for the supervision and implementation of the provisions stipulated therein. The environmental guidelines and procedures of Asian Development Bank (ADB) have also been discussed in this section. D. Asian Development Bank Requirements 13. ADB confirms that project proponents must include appropriate environmental and social considerations, through various measures, so as to prevent or minimize the impact on the environment and local communities which may be caused by the projects for which ADB provides funding, and not to bring about unacceptable effects. It will thus contribute to the sustainable development of regions. In making its funding decisions, ADB conducts screenings and reviews of environmental and social considerations to confirm that the requirements are duly satisfied. E. Procedures for Confirmation of Environmental Considerations

1. Screening & Categorisation 14. The subproject was screened using a Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist (Annexure 1 & 2). Given the sector and scale of the project, the substance, and degree of potential environmental impact within the environmental and social context of the proposed project site and surrounding areas, the subproject is considered Category B, requiring an IEE (Table 1).

Table 1: Environmental Assessment Requirements for Project Loans Category Environmental Assessment

Requirements B. Projects judged to have some

adverse environmental impacts – but of lesser degree and/or significance than category A (OM 20)

IEE Public consultation IEE report to be prepared

Source: Environmental Assessment Guidelines (EAG) (2003)

F. Indian Environmental Law & Regulations 1. The Environmental (Protect) Act, 1986 and the EIA Notification, 2006

15. The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 is the umbrella legislation providing for the protection of environment in the country. This act provides the Environment (Protection)

5

Rules, which were formulated in 1986. The Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 and the various amendments thereto have been notified under this act. As per the Amendment, formal Environmental Clearance from the ministry is not required for any sewerage, drainage or water supply project.

2. The Water and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Acts

16. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 resulted in the establishment of the Central and State Level Pollution Control Boards (CPCB and SPCB) whose responsibilities include managing water quality and effluent standards, as well as monitoring water quality, prosecuting offenders and issuing licenses for construction and operational of certain facilities similarly. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, empowers the SPCBs to enforce air quality standards set by the CPCB. 17. The Project requires the obtaining of clearances from the State Pollution Board of Karnataka pursuant to the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974, the Cess Act of 1977 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981.

3. The Ancient Monument and Archeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 18. According to this act, area within radii of 100 m and 300 m from the protected site are designated as “protected area” and “controlled area” respectively. No development activity (Including building, mining, excavating, blasting) is permitted in the “protected area” and development activities likely to damage the protected property are not permitted in the “controlled area” without prior permission of the Archeological Survey of India (ASI) if the site/remains/monuments are protected by ASI or the protected by the State. The Proposed alignment is not close to any protected property and therefore, this act will not be applicable for the project.

4. Basavakalyan Municipal Council 19. Basavakalyan Municipal Council is mainly responsible for handling key responsibilities like supply of portable water, sanitation and public hygiene, public lighting, sustainable urban growth, regulation of building construction and licensing of commercial activities, etc. 20. With special reference to the sewerage and drainage system, the Basavakalyan Municipal Council is involved in:

(i) Operation and maintenance of drainage and proposed sewerage systems. (ii) Construction and maintenance of surface drains, deep drains along the road

and lanes within municipal maintenance.

5. Key Environmental Laws and Regulations 21. The environmental regulations and legislations relevant to this Project and its applicability of Acts and Rules described above have been summarized in Table 2 for Sewerage projects

Table 2: Summary of Relevant Environmental Legislations for Sewerage Projects

Sl. No Acts Year

Applicability Reason Yes No

6

Sl. No Acts Year

Applicability Reason Yes No

1 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act

1981 √ �

This act will also be applicable to the project during construction and operation of proposed 11.57 MLD (say 12 MLD) STP for ultimate design year 2041. For trench 2 The design capacity for 2026 is 9 MLD.

2

Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act

1958 � √

City is not very rich in having monuments and protected sites. However, no construction work is near heritage buildings, which can affect them. Therefore, this act is not applicable to the project.

3 Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules

1998 � √ These rules are not applicable, as the project would deal with sewerage system.

4 Environment (Siting for Industrial Projects) Rules

1999 � √ The said project is an urban infrastructure development project, so rules are not applicable

5 Environment Impact Assessment Notification

2006 � √

Environment Impact Assessment Notification has been issued for requirement of EIA and activities requiring clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests and State Government: the activities of STP are not included in this notification. Therefore, the NKUSIP as an urban sector investment program does not require environmental clearance from MoEF and State Government.

6 Environmental (Protection) Act 1986 √ �

Since, all the environmental notifications, rules and schedules are issued under this act, it is applicable. For obtaining NOC for Consent for Establishment revised form along with document has submitted to Pollution control board

7 Forest Conservation Act 1927 1980 � √

In present case this act will not be applicable, as project does not require any forestland to be cleared.

8 Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules

1989 2003 � √

These rules are not applicable because the process does not required handling of any hazardous material

9 Land Acquisition Act 1894 1989 √ �

This act will be applicable because the project requires 28 acres of land acquisition for the construction of a new STP and 10 guntas for Wet well for ultimate design phase. The total acquiring of land is under process.

10 Municipal Solid 2000 √ � The provisions of these rules shall

7

Sl. No Acts Year

Applicability Reason Yes No Waste (Management and Handling) Rules

be applicable as the solid wastes in terms of sludge; grit and screened waste are to be handled.

11 National Forest Policy 1952 1988 � √

This policy shall not be applicable; the project does not require any forestland to be cleared.

12 Noise Pollution Regulation and Control Act

1990 √ �

This act will apply to the present project. Noise pollution may results during the construction and operation of the STP and MPS, etc.

13 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act

1974 √ �

This act will be applicable as the project abstracts the present raw water from perennial Chulki Nallah as a prime source and Tripurant lake and for future identified source is from Manjra River as followed proposal.

14 Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 � √ This act will not be applicable as there is no wild life within the project area to be affected.

Source: Analysis Table 3: Summary of Relevant Environmental Legislations for Water Supply Projects

No

Acts Year Applicability Reason Yes No

1 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act

1981 √ �

This act will also be applicable to the project during operation of proposed requirement of 16.20 MLD for ultimate design period 2041 where present capacity of WTP is 9.87 MLD .

2

Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act

1958 � √

City is not rich in having monuments and protected sites. However, no construction work is near old heritage building, which can affect them. Therefore, this act is not applicable to the project.

3 Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules

1998 � √ These rules are not applicable, as the project would deal with sewerage system.

4 Environment (Siting for Industrial Projects) Rules

1999 � √ The said project is an urban infrastructure development project, so rules are not applicable

5 Environment Impact Assessment Notification

2006 � √

Environment Impact Assessment Notification has been issued for requirement of EIA and activities requiring clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests and State Government: the activities of WTP are not included in this notification. Therefore, the NKUSIP as an urban sector investment program does not require environmental clearance from

8

No Acts Year

Applicability Reason Yes No MoEF and State Government.

6 Environmental (Protection) Act 1986 √ � Since, all the environmental notifications, rules and schedules are issued under this act, it is applicable.

7 Forest Conservation Act 1927 1980 � √

In present case this act will not be applicable, as project does not require any forestland to be cleared.

8 Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules

1989 2003 � √

These rules are not applicable because the process does not required handling of any hazardous material

9 Land Acquisition Act 1894 1989 � √ At present there is no land acquisition required for this sub component.

10 Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules

2000 � √

The provisions of these rules shall not be applicable as the solid wastes in terms of grit and screened waste are not to be handled.

11 National Forest Policy 1952 1988 � √ This policy shall not be applicable; the project does not require any forestland to be cleared.

12 Noise Pollution Regulation and Control Act

1990 √ �

This act will apply to the present project. Noise pollution may results during the operation of the WTP and Pumping stations, etc.

13 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act

1974 √ � This act will be applicable as the project abstracts the raw water from water source.

14 Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 � √ This act will not be applicable as there is no wild life within the project area to be affected.

Source: Analysis E. Scope of IEE:

22. Main Scope of this work to assess the categorization of projects components and assessment of potential impacts to be analysed. As per ADB guidelines Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts (OM 20) and preparation of mitigation plan, responsibility matrix, Monitoring plan and detailed Environmental Management report.

F. Report Structure:

This report contains the following heads: (i) Stage 1: Description of the Investment Program in this city (ii) Stage 2: Project Description (iii) Stage 3: Description of Environment (iv) Stage 4: Environmental Screening of Sub Component (v) Stage 5: Potential Environmental Impact & Mitigation Measures (vi) Stage 6: Institutional Roles and Responsibility (vii) Stage 7: Environmental Monitoring Plan (viii) Stage 8: Environmental Management Plan (ix) Stage 9: Public Consultation and Information Disclosure

9

(x) Stage10: Findings & Recommendations

10

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMME COMPONENT

A. NKUSIP Investment Programme Goal 23. Government of Karnataka (GoK) through the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) has prepared the North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Programme (NKUSIP) under the Asian Development Bank assistance. The goal of the programme is to improve the level, quality and sustainability of basic urban services in selected Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) contributing to improve quality of life among the urban Poor. The NKUSIP is consistent with GOIs urban reform objective for the Tenth Plan Period (2002-2007), which entails a reform agenda to initiate the process of:

(i) Enhancing the capacity of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to assume their

functions in accordance with the 74th Constitutional Amendments, with greater sustainability and accountability.

(ii) Strengthening local finance through rationalising and improvement of property tax, and levy of sufficient user charges;

(iii) Ensuring improved maintenance of existing assets; and (iv) Introducing better accounting and financial management practices.

24. The NKUSIP would provide the momentum for the overall reform by supporting these objectives in Karnataka and promoting the emergence of better functioning cities.

25. The development purpose is designed to assist Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to “promote good urban management, and develop and expand urban infrastructure to increase economic opportunities and to reduce vulnerability to environmental degradation and urban poverty”. Outputs from several vital studies, financial assessment and social and Environmental Assessment, etc, have formed the backbone for the programme appraisal leading to approval of loan. B. Need for Infrastructure Improvement: 26. To encourage reforms and fast track planned development of the cities and efficiency in urban infrastructure and urban services delivery mechanisms and accountability of Municipal areas towards citizens the following prime objectives have been framed out:

(i) Design & rehabilitate essential municipal infrastructure (ii) Rehabilitate essential non municipal services (iii) Raise the quality of life of urban population of Basavakalyan Town.

27. NKUSIP comprises the following seven components. Parts A through E is designed to address the urban development needs of the Basavakalyan Town; Part F is designed to address requirement for fire services, tourism development; Part G is designed to address

1. improving and augmenting the economic and social infrastructure of cities,

2. ensuring the basic services to the urban poor including security of tenure at affordable prices,

3. initiating wide – ranging urban sector reforms whose primary aim is to eliminate legal, institutional and financial constraints that have impeded investment in urban infrastructure and services, and

4. strengthening better accounting and financial management practices with the provisions of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992

FOCUS OF NKUSIP

11

capacity building initiatives of the Investment Program ULBs and training requirement for staff; and Part H is designed to assist Investment Program implementation.

(i) Part A : Environmental Sanitation Infrastructure; (ii) Part B : Water Supply Infrastructure; (iii) Part C : Urban Storm Water Drainage (iv) Part D : Urban Roads Improvement; (v) Part E : Poverty Alleviation; (vi) Part F : Non-Municipal Infrastructure; (vii) Part G : Institutional Development; and (viii) Part H : Investment Program Assistance Facility.

Part A: Environmental Sanitation Infrastructure 28. This component comprises (i) sewerage and sanitation, which includes rehabilitation of existing sewer networks, Supplying and Laying of network of Lateral Trunk Main & Laterals in Proposed Sewerage Zone, sewage treatment plants and sewage pumping stations, Flushing cisterns & Ventilating shafts and construction/expansion of new sewerage system including network and treatment plants; Part B: Water Supply Infrastructure 29. This component comprises into two phases , under 1st phase water augmentation from Kongli barrage at Manjra river with 9.87MLD for year 2026 , construction of intake well cum two jack well near barrage, modification of gates to Kongli barrage, MS Raw water Pumping main of 813 mm dia with 7.9 mm thick from Kongli Barrage to Break Pressure Tank, Pumping Machinery, pump house etc. at Kongli barrage, Construction of Break Pressure Tank, NP3 Raw Water main rehabilitation of the existing and Under System Rehabilitation Improvement in Chemical dosing system at Water Treatment Plant Chulki Nalla System, Replacement of filters controls at water treatment plant - Chulki Repair of Pumping machinery, Remodelling of distribution net work and house service connection. Part C: Urban Storm Water Drainage 30. Urban drainage, which includes improvements to improvement of main drain along SH-2 from Narayan Pura Cross to Betbelkunta Road, secondary drain from Mehaboob Nagar to Zikra High School and Secondary drain from CMC office to Gadiwan Gali. The proposed works in these drains are:

(i) Desilting, deweeding and cleaning in entire stretches. (ii) Redesign of the drain sections at selected stretches. (iii) Excavation of the drain in encroached stretches (iv) Construction of side walls and bottom slab with base flow channel of the

selected stretches of drain as per redesign (v) Construction of top slab of the drain wherever it is required. (vi) Repairs to culverts (vii) Construction of New Culverts.

Part D: Urban Road Improvement 31. This component comprises improvements to ULB roads, and comprises improvement and strengthening to critical road links, traffic management measures and street lighting.

12

Part E: Poverty Alleviation 32. This component will address the environmental conditions of informal and formal low income settlements. NKUSIP will improve environmental services in these settlements by providing water supply, sewerage, drainage, and pavements. For settlements not recognized by the ULB, the Investment Program will provide for public conveniences catering to the environmental sanitation needs of dwellers.

Slum Improvement Works under Phase I in Trench 2:

33. In the declared slums, totally 6 slums are taken for slum improvement works and the proposed 6 slums population is 2880 and number of households is 420. The proposed slums occupy the 8.96 acre of area. While the proposed slums are located within the city, there is no paved road. For water supply, slum households are dependent on stand post only. Slum people are facing water problems due to inadequate supply. Road side drains are chocked up due to improper slope in bed. The masonry and slab drains are in dilapidated condition. House hold sanitation is almost absent.

After field visits following priority works are identified to improve the environmental condition of slums in Basavakalyan town as follow:

(i) Construction of road (ii) Construction of road side drains (iii) Construction of Community Toilet (iv) Provision of Dust bins (v) Water Supply Improvement Works (To be taken up in Water Supply Contract

Package of NKUSIP) (vi) Sewerage Network (To be taken up in Sewerage System Contract Package

of NKUSIP). Part F: Non-Municipal Infrastructure 34. Fire services, tourism and heritage conservation, lake conservation, etc. shall form a part of the non-municipal infrastructure component under the Investment Program. The components will be detailed during the detailed design phase and considered for funding during the mid-term review. Part G: Institutional Development 35. The institutional development component will comprise capacity building of Investment Program ULBs through (i) computerization, the tax assessment and service utility line mapping through a Geographical Information System; (ii) facilitating transition of ULB accounting functions to a Fund Based Accounting System through computerization of accounting and financial management functions; and (iii) providing training of ULB and State Line Department staff regarding Investment Program implementation and urban governance. Part H: Investment Program Assistance Facility 36. Procurement of consulting services – Investment Program management, design and supervision, and benefit monitoring and evaluation – will form a part of the Investment Program assistance facility. The Investment Program Assistance Facility (IPAF) will finance incremental administration at the two Investment Program Management Units (IPMU) and shall cover staff, office and equipment costs required for supporting the Investment Program. Information, Education and Communication (IEC) requirement by sector and payment towards Investment Program Consultant (IPC) services will form a part of the IPAF.

13

C. Project Component:

37. Presently, there is no sewerage system in Basavakalyan Town. Septic tanks are prevalent and where there are no septic tanks the effluents are discharged into open drains. The sum total of population covered by the individual latrines is approximately 37,000. Domestic wastewater flows through the roadside drains and Nallahs.

38. The project area, present and projected population in Basavakalyan Town are as below.

Table 4: Project Area, Present and Projected Population in Basavakalyan Town

39. The design horizon for the project is 2041. The sewerage system improvement works are proposed in three phases. It is considered that the works under first phase will be implemented under NKUSIP and the works under the second phase may be taken up under phase II works will be taken up in future in other projects. Basavakalyan is divided into four Zones A, B, C & D. The entire works is to be taken up in two phases. In Phase-I, the Zone-A is to be taken up under NKUSIP and in other works zones B,C & D be taken by the Basavakalyan CMC in Phase –II depending upon the fund availability. 40. Works proposed in the first phase works under NKUSIP is for the core developed areas of the city. Works proposed in the second phase is for Zone B, C and D and will be implemented and as well as siting of STP at Betbelkunta village. There are several components are adhere to make comprehensive development of City for better future as follow:

Table 5 Details of Sewerage Infrastructure Proposed in Basavakalyan

Infrastructure Description Location Land Acquisition

A. Proposed works in Phase-I under NKUSIP for Zone-A The proposed sewerage system consists of trunk mains (TM- I, TM-II & TM-III), sub trunk mains (STM-I, STM-II & STM-III) and laterals connected to the main sewers. These trunk main sewers are to be connected to a STP to be located outside of the city on the side of Hulsoor road

trun

k M

ain

/ su

b

Dia

met

ers

(mm

)

Tota

l Le

ngth

(m

)

TM-1 800 2000

TM-II

800,700,600,450,30

0 4467TM-III

300,250,200 1203

STM-I

450,250,200,150 1725

ward1 (part), 2(part), 3,4-a,4-b,5-a,5-b,6,7,8,9,10.1,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22(part),23(part),24-a,24-b,25,26,27,28,29-a,29-b,30 & 31(part).

No Acquisition Required

Project Area Extent of

Area (Sq. km)

Census Population

2001

Projected Population in 2026

(Intermediate Stage)

Projected Population in 2041

(Ultimate Stage)

All areas under

Jurisdiction of Basavakalyan

CMC.

23.29 58,785 1,03,169 1,37,708

14

Infrastructure Description Location Land Acquisition

STM-II 250,200 1557

STM-III 250,200 1637

Proposed Wet wells and Sewage Pumping Mains

The wet well-1is designed for the ultimate population, and has 7.0 m inner dia and 10.0 m effective depth.

The Pumping main is designed and is of DI (K-9) pipe of 450mm dia and is 1.7 Km in length.

A Main Sewage pumping station is proposed nearby the Hulsoor road at Plot with Survey number 129

2 acre land is required

Proposed Sewage Treatment Plant

Initially, the capacity will be for immediate stage and it is to be augmented subsequently to treat the ultimate stage sewage generated for the town. The capacity of the sewage treatment plant for the intermediate design year 2026 is 9.00 MLD. The primary treatment units of the sewage treatment plant is designed for ultimate stage year 2041 i.e. of sewage generation of 12.00 MLD.

The proposed sewage treatment plant is to be outside the town on Hulsoor road near Betbelkunta village

28 acre of land require.

Land acquisition is

under process

Proposed works under Phase-II Proposed Works under for Zone-B

As Zone-B has very little population, and its sewerage generation for ultimate will be 0.17 MLD, hence a Septic Tank is proposed: Dia of Lateral pipes: 150 mm Length of Lateral Sewer ( m) : 1880 Location: It comprises of ward 1 (part) & 31(part).

No land acquisition

Proposed Works under for Zone-C

Sewerage Pumping Station and wet well is proposed in 24-a zone

ward 20 (part), 24-a & 23(part).

Land Acquisition

Proposed Works under for Zone-D

Wet well 3 ward 22 (part) & 23(part).

Land Acquisition

Source: DPR, Sewerage Works, Basavakalyan

D. Project Description : 1 Sewerage System Improvement Work :

41. Basavakalyan town is a Class II town of Bidar district of North Karnataka, with an altitude of 662 to 600 mt sloping towards north. Classified as a City Municipal Council

15

(CMC), Basavakalyan’s population was 58,785 in 2001 covering 23.28 sq. km ( ref map 1). The new territorial jurisdiction of the Basavakalyan CMC covers according to the notification is Basavakalyan Town and Basavakalyan revenue villages namely Tripurant, Sastapur, Narayanapur, Yadalapur & Shivapur. Currently, the average population density is 2525 persons/sq. km. This town has historical background dating back 12th Century. Thus it is one of the religious tourism places Basavakalyan has several deficiencies and there is a need to make substantial improvement in basic infrastructure like sewerage and sanitation facility prevailing in the city to keeping pace with rapid urbanization with growing population and as a tourist destination point.

42. Presently there is no hygienic sewer system for collection, treatment or disposal in Basavakalyan Town. Septic tanks are prevalent and those without septic tanks discharge effluents to open drains. The domestic wastewater flows through the roadside drains into the nallah’s and pollutes the water sources. Still dry latrines are prevailed in this town. The residences are covered by individual latrines and parts of area are under common toilets. Few areas are still absence of latrine facility and open defecation is coherent. 43. Under the Multisector Project for Infrastructure Improvement in Basavakalyan, sample subprojects under the following sewerage plan were identified and the IEEs were conducted for typical works. This project includes sewerage pipeline, pumping station and treatment plant near Betbelkunta Village for Basavakalyan Town. The Proposed sewerage system is divided into four sewerage zones (ref map 2)

Table 6: Project Description Sewerage

Zone Projected

Population 2026

Projected Populatio

n 2041

Quantity of Sewage

Generation 2026

(MLD)

Quantity of Sewage

Generation 2041

(MLD)

Areas

Zone A 85068 111432 7.15 9.36 Ward1 (part), 2(part), 3,4-a,4-b,5-a,5-b,6,7,8,9,10.1,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,1718,19,20,21,22(part),23(part),24-a,24-b,25,26,27,28,29-a,29-b,30 & 31(part).

Zone B 1393 1998 0.12 0.17 Ward 1 (part) & 31(part). Zone C 4490 6507 0.38 0.55 Ward 20 (part), 24-a & 23(part). Zone D 12217 17771 1.03 1.49 Ward 22 (part) & 23(part). Total 103169 137708 8.67 11.57

say 9.00 12.00 Source: DPR

a. Treatment Technologies

44. Facultative Aerated Lagoon followed with Polishing Pond has been selected as treatment technology for 12 MLD STP. The technology meets the standards stipulated in the guidelines of CPHEEO. The effluent from the STP will be the standards of discharge for inland surface water disposal: BOD < 30 mg/l Suspended solids < 100 mg/l The treated sewage will be used for land irrigation. The STP is designed to handle expected in year 2041.

b. Site Selection for Sewerage Treatment Plant at Betbelkunta Village 45. The STP will be constructed sufficiently away from the settlement area. The site selection has been justified because the treated effluent form the plant will be used in agricultural purposes, etc. 46. The peakflow for ultimate design period is estimated to be 12 MLD, it has been estimated that the land requirement per MLD of sewage is for 28 acre. ( ref map 3)

16

47. The topography of the predominantly flat. The environmental condition is as same as city general. There is no environmental sensitive area is prevalent within project area not even 100 m of project influence zone. STP will be constructed sufficiently away from the settlement area. The sites selections have been justified because the treated effluent form the plant will be used in agricultural purposes. The sludge can be excessively use for

manure process and solid waste will be dumped at disposal site. The access road will be constructed from City Main road is already existed to approach the proposed STP site. Site is surrounded by agricultural fields. Due to non-availability of irrigation facilities only rain fed crops are cultivated here. Jawar and pulses are the main crops cultivated in the area. No groundwater extraction points such as bore wells are located with in the vicinity. ( map 4: proposed STP sites and surroundings)

Map 4: Proposed STP Site and surrounding

Fig 1: Site for STP at Betbelkunta Village Fig 2: Approach road to STP site

17

2 Water Supply System Improvements : 48. About 70% of water supply in Basavakalyan Town is obtained from Mustapur Dam in Chulki nallah. Due to less rainfall in the catchment areas, water storage in Mustapur dam is reduced. Rest are obtained from Tripurant Lake and Bore well in several part of town. Many localities in Basavakalyan Town are water deficient. They are mostly located on the peripheral areas of the Town. There is one Water Treatment Plant at Mustapur Dam, but it is used only 30% of installed capacity. The total water demand for 2041 is 16.20 MLD. 49. The existing water supply system in Basavakalyan Town has been evaluated and studied in detail and the following works are proposed for augmentation to meet water demand in the year 2041. Water supply augmentation is proposed to meet water demand in the year 2041. The required water supply augmentation is 13.93 MLD and this is proposed to be done by extraction from Manjra river at Kongli Barrage and from there water will be store at existing Mustapur Dam during monsoon period.

50. Broadly, the existing water supply system in Basavakalyan Town can be divided into two sub systems. They are:

a) Water Supply System based on Surface Water from Chulki Nalla:

51. In this system, raw water is lifted from Intake works and pumped to water treatment plant installed at a distance of about 5 km towards to north of the town. Treated water from water treatment plants is pumped to Ground Level service reservoirs & Elevated Level service reservoirs at different locations, from where water is conveyed to the distribution network.

b) Water Supply System Based on Ground Water:

52. The system mentioned above serves the Basavakalyan Town area. The Tripuranth area is served by eight bore wells and one open well were constructed in the basin of the Tripuranth minor irrigation tank. Water is directly pumped from these wells to the distribution network of Tripuranth village area. 53. At present, 3.57 MLD of potable water is produced in Basavakalyan Town. Out of this, 2.27 MLD water is drawn from Chulki Nalla on Mustapur Dam. The rest 1.30 MLD is pumped from bore wells and open well in the basin of the Tripuranth minor irrigation tank. The present water supply system has crisis over a long period of time. Augmentation of the existing water supply system is required. 54. The total water demand for Basavakalyan Town in the Intermediate stage (2026) and Ultimate Stage (2041) has been estimated and is listed in Table 7

Table 7: Estimated Net Water Demand in Basavaklayan CMC area

Description Present

Population (2011)

Intermediate Stage (2026)

Ultimate Stage (2041)

Projected population 74,214 1,03,160 1,37,700 Per capita water supply 100 lpcd 100 lpcd 100 lpcd Net water demand 7.41 MLD 10.32 MLD 13.77 MLD water demand with 15% loss

8.73 MLD 12.14 MLD 16.20 MLD

18

SURFACE SOURCE FOR BASAVAKALYAN TOWN

a. Source and Annual demand for Basavakalyan Town:

55. It is suggested that Manjra river near existing Kongli barrage is the water source to be selected for Basavakalyan Town. The annual drinking water deficit considering daily water deficit for the Ultimate design year 2041 is 0.179 TM Cft without seepage and evaporation losses and with seepage and evaporation losses it will be 0.256 TM Cft as shown in Table 7. This quantity of water will have to be pumped from the Kongli Barrage in four months of monsoon season. The derived daily pumping requirement for a period of four months is 60.0 MLD.

Table 8: Annual Water Demand and Supply Deficit of Water in Design Years

Sl.No Year Quantity in MLD Annual Water Quantity in TM

Cft

Annual Water Quantity with 30 %

losses in TM CftA. Gross Water Demand (MLD) 1 2011 8.73 0.112 0.161 2 2026 12.14 0.156 0.223 3 2041 16.2 0.209 0.298 B. Present Available Capacity (MLD) 2008 2.27 0.029 0.042

C. Deficit of Water (MLD) 1 2011 6.46 0.083 0.119 2 2026 9.87 0.127 0.182 3 2041 13.93 0.179 0.256

Source: DPR

For the work of augmentation water supply system for the BasavakalyanTown the source for the proposed scheme is identified at Kongli Barrage on Manjara River. This is because the present source of existing system i.e. Chulki Nala is not adequate to meet the demand.

Assessment of Water availability of Source: Surface Water of Manjra River:

Table 9: The proposed system

Sl. No. Year Availability at

Proposed Source in TMC*

Approximate TMC of Water to be drawn

% of total capacity to be used

1. 2011 25.13 0.112 0.45 2. 2026 -do- 0.156 0.62 3. 2041 -do- 0.209 0.83

Source: Janwad Gauged station 56. The total distance from Kongli barrage to Mustapur dam along the road is of 16.00 km. And daily 60 MLD of raw water from Kongli barrage is as to be pumped to Mustapur dam. 57. As per the design, a 1000 mm dia, PSC pipe of 18 KSC is proposed to be laid. An intake well, connecting main and jack well cum pumping station will be constructed on the bank of Manjra river near Kongli Barrage. Existing water is augmented from Chulki Nala but proposed source is from Manjra river. Pollution of raw water supply from upstream

19

wastewater discharge is not anticipated since, the source of raw water is flowing through rural areas. However, pollution due to soil erosion runoff is anticipated, as the river is flowing through agricultural areas. The attached map is showing the upstream pathway of river which entirely passes through rural areas, no anticipation of polluting inputs from industry, fertilizer, urban runoff, etc ( Ref Map 6) 58. The Basavakalyan ULB will carry out the proposed works in two phases. In Phase-I, the works will be carried under NKUSIP. And in Phase-II, the works will be carried by the Basavakalyan CMC depending upon the fund availability. The source for water augmentation is already finalised in empower committee meeting.

Table 10: The proposed work for Basavakalyan Town under Water Supply System is as under:

Infrastructure Description Location Land Acquisition Phase-I: Proposed Bulk Water Supply System under NKUSIP under Trench 2

1 Construction of Head Works at Kongli Barrage

Kongli Barrage No land acquisition required

2 Pumping machinery, pump house etc. at Kongli Barrage

No land acquisition required

3 proving and laying of Raw Water Pumping main of 1000 mm dia, PSC pipe from Kongli Barrage to Mustaput Dam

An intake well, connecting main and jack well cum pumping station will be constructed on the bank of Manjra river near Kongli Barrage.

No land acquisition required

4 Rehabilitaion of Existing WTP and reservoirs

filter controls repairment, Chlorination Cylinder Requirement

Near Mustapur Dam

No land acquisition required

5 Remodulling to Zones 1, 3(part), 5(part) and 6(part) 6 Proving House service connections

Phase-II: Proposed Water Supply System by Basavakalyan CMC 1 Construction of Water Treatment Plant of 3.06 MLD

Extension of excisting Water Treatment Plant at Mustapur Dam

No land acquisition is required

2 Construction of a new OHT in zone-7 with new Distribution System 3 Remodeling of Distribution Net work in Zones 2,3(part),4,5(part) & 6(part)

4 House Service Connection Source: DPR, Basavakalyan Water Supply System

20

59. Most of the proposed pipe length is improvement or replacement of old pipe line along the side of existing roads. Although at present there is not much traffic along the proposed route. There are six major distribution of water zone proposed, all are basically residential area. Mostly proposed water works will support to all residential colony, Even major commercial areas mixed landuse of residential unit present. There is no designated institutional landuse. Basically mixed character found. And no displacement of house is found.

3 Slum Improvements Works: 60. Totally 6 slums are taken for slum improvement works and the proposed 6 slums population is 2880 and number of households is 420. The proposed slums occupy the 8.96 acre of area. While the proposed slums are located within the city, there is no paved road. For water supply, slum households are dependent on stand post only.

Table 11: Detail of Notified Slums in Basavakalyan Town

Sl.No. Name of the declared slums

Area Population House holds Acre - Gunta Nos Nos

1. Kumbar Galli 0-20 245 26

2. Kaikadi Galli 0-38 295 35

3. Konchikorwar Galli 0-20 315 76

4. Municipal Garden (Shahpur West) 3.13 635 81

5. Bheem Nagar 2.00 640 116

6. Gadiwan Galli 3.05 750 86

Total 8.96 2880 420 Source: CMC/ KSCB

61. Local network of water supply is available for some portions of the slum. There are very few house connections and remaining people are collecting the water from stand posts only. In the Kumbhar Galli slum, quantity of water supply is inadequate i.e., once in a five days for only one hour. One cistern is there, but that is not in use. Eight households of the slum have house connections and there is no stand post. 62. Road side drains are choked up and damaged due to improper slope and maintenance and there are no outfalls for drains and sewage stagnating the whole areas and polluting the surrounding areas also. In rainy season, drains over flow and waste water enter in the houses because there are no outfalls. The drain passing through these slums has created unhygienic condition. There is seepage of the drain water into the houses. Sewage is stagnating and polluting the surrounding areas. Drains are in bad condition due to improper slope and maintenance. 63. There is no UGD network in the slum and waste water is disposed in open drains due to absence of UGD. Due to non-availability of dustbin near the slum, the slum dwellers are dumping garbage into the roadside drains and nearby area. The identified slum improvement work for individual six slums are as follow:

21

Table 12: Identified Proposed Slum Improvement Works

Slums Road Drain Dust Bin

Community Toilet

Water Supply Improvement Works (To be taken up in Water Supply Contract Package of NKUSIP)

Sewerage Network (To be taken up in Sewerage System Contract Package of NKUSIP)

Kumbar Galli 90 m 100 m 1 Kaikadi Galli 159 m 1 Konchi Korwar Galli: 210 m 1 Bheem Nagar 310 m 1132

m 1

Gadiwan Galli 337 m 362 m 1 Shahpur West

358m 473m 1

Source: DPR , Slum Improvement Works , Basavaklayan

22

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT A. Environmental Profile of Basavakalyan 64. The baseline environmental status of the project influence area is based on available secondary information and collection of primary data by conducting field survey within proposed sewer line and STP and Water Pipe line and other water works and within project influence zone. It will help in assessing the magnitude of potential effect both beneficial as well as adverse due to the proposed project activities on the environment. In order to assess the baseline environment conditions of the project area, the following aspects have been considered. 65. Basavakalyan, a religious and cultural centre of North Karnataka does not have sewerage treatment plant and wastewater flows through roadside drain into nallah. Solid wastes are also dumped into the open drains. These unsanitary practices has created major health problem in the area. To facilitate assessment of adverse environmental impacts, the existing scenario of environmental status of the project region is studied. 66. Basavakalyan, a religious and cultural centre of North Karnataka does not have storm water drainage system and wastewater flows through roadside drain into nallah. Solid wastes are also dumped into the open drains. Most of the drained either not concrete based or not channelised. Most of them carry sewage. To facilitate assessment of adverse environmental impacts, the existing scenario of environmental status of the project region is studied.

67. Basavakalyan does not have sewerage treatment facility and outfall into holy spring and ultimately at water body. Solid wastes are also dumped into the open drains. These unsanitary practices has created major health problem in the area. To facilitate assessment of adverse environmental impacts, the existing scenario of environmental status of the project region is studied.

1. Topography & Geology 68. Basavakalyan is a land-locked area with cultivated lands towards east and west. This has restricted the growth in these two directions. Towards the west of the town is the Tripurant tank under whose ayacut cultivation is being done. The growth of the town is linear

ASPECTS CONSIDERED FOR ASSESSMENT OF BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Project Influence Zone

Topography Geology Soil Climate Land Utilisation Forest & Biodiversity Water Heritage Site Surface Water Quality Ground Water Quality Ambient Air

Site Specific

• Landform • Soil • Land Utilization • Vegetation • Resources

23

mostly towards the National Highway which is about 6 kms, away. The area towards south is contoured with a number of ridges and valleys. The High Plateau available here is fit for development. The Basavakalyan area falls within the northern maiden belt characterized by expanses of level treeless surface ace punctuated here and there by flat and undulating hillocks, black soil proceeding from compact, hard block basaltic rocks and some lower area. The general slope is south to north ward direction. The maximum elevation is found on Highway NH -9 i.e. 662 m and northward it decreases. Even centre part of city has lower elevation than east and west part. At northward part it becomes 605-600 mt.

69. The geological formation is more or less similar to Basavakalyan district. The entire Bidar District form almost part of the Deccan Trap and made up of solidified lava. The disintegration and decomposition of the Deccan trap has resulted in the formation of black cotton soil and laterite occurs widely in the district and the town itself. However, a deposit of highly siliceous bauxite clay seismologically area is having lower intensity because of hard, dense compact basaltic rock. So intensity of earthquake is also low.

2. Soil 70. The red laterite soil and black cotton soil are the main soil types found in the region. The laterite rock is the commonly available and chief building material in the region. Black cotton soil is found around Basavakalyan, and is utilized for agricultural purpose. The physiochemical ties of Basavakalyan soil is drawn in following table:

Table 13: Soil Condition of Basavakalyan Town

Sl No. Parameter Component of Red Soil Condition of Soil in Bsavakalyan town

1. Organic matter 3-4 0.18 2. pH 5-6.8 6.1 3. Moisture ( %)

24

Wind Rows Diagrammes

39.20oC. The relative humidity is high during the South-West monsoon season being between 65 and 15%. The summer is the driest part of the year, when the relative humidity in the afternoons is between 30 and 40%. The details of climatic condition are given in the following table.

Table 14: Climatic Condition of Basavakalyan Town

Months

Mean Daily Temperature in 0 C Monthly Rainfall in mm Relative Humidity in %

Maximum Minimum Normal (IMD India) Actual Maximum Minimum January 30.00 15.50 2.90 36.80 100 018 February 32.00 17.20 5.70 - 095 007 March 35.70 20.30 9.10 45.00 096 008 April 37.00 23.60 17.90 70.20 097 007 May 39.20 26.10 16.60 6.8 083 006 June 36.20 23.90 84.00 84.40 096 017 July 29.30 21.70 136.30 331.60 100 040 August 29.10 21.20 45.70 94.60 100 049 September 29.40 20.80 153.30 226.60 100 047 October 29.40 20.00 83.10 176.40 100 028 November 28.10 15.20 18.10 - 088 026 December 27.80 15.60 1.90 - 080 009 Total 574.50 1072.40

Source: Metrological Department, 2005 The rainfall for last ten years data reveals that the average rainfall is 900mm per year wherever last 2005 it was recorded 1072 .40 mm and maximum found in year in 1995. The winds are generally moderate in strength with some increase in force during the later half of the summer and monsoon seasons. The wind directions are mostly from South-West and North-West. The normal rainfall in the town is about 574.50 mm per year. The monthly highest rain fall has been recorded in the month of July is at 331.60 mm and no rain fall (Zero rainfall) has been recorded in the

month of November & December -2005.

4%

15%

40%

2%

2%

2%

JAN, FEB, MARCH

45%

10%

4%

4%

20%

2 %

5 %

10%

APRIL, MAY, JUNE

25%

8%

4%

5%

6%

JULY, AUG, SEP

4%

5%

5%

35 %

25 %

18%

4 %

4%

OCT, NOV, DECWIND DIRECTION - 2005(DIRECTION OF ARROWS INDICATES PERCENTAGE NUMBER OF DAYS WIND BLOWING)

SCALE : 1CM = 20%

10%

25%

2%

2 %

20%

3%

10%

12%

15%

18%

4 %

18%

JAN TO DEC

BASAVAKALYANA

TO H

ULS

OO

R

TO YADA

LAPUR

TO NARAYANPURTO SASTAPU

R

TO PARTAPUR

BASAVAKALYANA

TO H

ULS

OO

R

TO YADA

LAPUR

TO NARAYANPURTO SASTAPU

R

TO PARTAPUR

BASAVAKALYANA

TO H

ULS

OO

R

TO YADA

LAPUR

TO NARAYANPURTO SASTAPU

R

TO PARTAPUR

BASAVAKALYANA

TO H

ULS

OO

R

TO YADA

LAPUR

TO NARAYANPURTO SASTAPU

R

TO PARTAPUR

BASAVAKALYANA

TO H

ULS

OO

R

TO YADA

LAPUR

TO NARAYANPURTO SASTAPU

R

TO PARTAPUR

25

4. Land A. Land Use Pattern (LUP) 74. The land utilization details for 1997 and the proposed land use of 2011, as presented in the Comprehensive Development Plan Report (2011) is indicated in following.

Table 15: Existing Land use Pattern (LUP)

Land Use Existing Land Use Area (hectares) % to Build up area % to Total Area Build Up Area:

Vacant 130.56 9.87 6.96 Residential 486.41 36.79 25.97 Commercial 45.53 3.44 2.42

Industrial 102.83 7.77 5.48 Transportation & Communication

286.77 21.69 15.32

Public Utilities 2.56 0.19 0.10 Public & Semi- Public 163.36 12.36 8.72

Parks Play Grounds Open Spaces

104.27 7.89 5.68

Total 1322.29 100.00 -------- Other than Build Up Area

Unclassified 451.84 24.12 Agriculture 42.45 2.25

Water Sheet -------- --------- Fort Area 56.00 2.98

Total 1872.58 100 Source: CDP, Basavakalyan,

75. The total area under Basavakalyan CMC’s jurisdictions is 4302 hectares for 2001 but in 1997 it was 1322 ha build up area. Out of total residential area accounts 486.41 ha which constitutes 36.79 percent of total build up area. The other important uses are transport and communication covers 21.69 percent. Public and semi public use covers 12.36 percent. Parks and playgrounds and open space covered 7.89 percent. Industrial use occupies only 7.77 percent to total build up area. It is found that an area of 130.56 ha i.e. 9.87 percent land is lying vacant. 76. As per 2005 LUP, the total developed area is 514,04 hectares, most of which is residential comprising nearly 48.21 % of the total developed area. The commercial area is also predominant and it accounts for 3.36%. Existing landuse pattern of year 2005 is shown in table follow.

26

Table 16: Proposed Landuse Pattern (LUP)

SI. No. Land use Category

Area in % to total UDPFI

Guidelines for Small Town

Hectares. Developed area % Area

1. Residential 247.83 48.21 45-50 2. Commercial 17.25 3.36 2-3 3. Industrial 29.57 5.75 8-10 4. Public & Semi Public 49.62 9.65 6-8 5. Public Utilities &

Services 3.28 0.64

6. Parks, PG's & Open spaces

38.10 7.41 12-14

7. Vacant Land 12.32 2.40 8. Transport &

Communication 116.07 22.58 10-12

Total Developed Area

514.04 100.00

9. Hillocks 3.5 - 10. Water Sheets 2.0 - Balance Total Conurbation

area 519.54 100.00 100.00

Source: Master Plan, 2021 & UDPFI Guidelines, Ministry of Urban Development

5. Water Quality A. Surface Water

77. The first organized water supply to Basavakalyan Town gets 2.27 MLD water from Chulki Nalla, located at a distance of 16 km from the town and 1.30 MLD from Tripuranth tube well system. Chulki Nalla Water Supply System on Mustapur dam was commissioned in 2002-03. About 68 bore wells, 25 of them fitted with submersible pumps and 43 fitted with hand pumps supplement the sources. The yield of these sources started going down and was insufficient to meet the requirements of the Town. Flow of water of Chulki nalla is not good. As a result the homeostatic mechanism of water itself becomes poor along with the course of stretch. Industrial effluent are also added some extent to make it deterioration. Presently, no STP has been operation in town to make environmentally good to river course. Subsequently the result is poor. 78. As per CPCB Norm the standard of water quality of surface water is as follows:

27

Table 17: CPCB Standard for Water Quality of Surface Water

Standard for Water Quality of Surface Water

Class Beneficial Use A Drinking without conventional use B Bathing C Drinking after conventional use D Propagation of Wild Life and fisheriesE Irrigation, cooling & controlled waste Disposal

Details of parameter of each Class: Class Parameter Criteria

A D.O >6 mg/lt B.O.D

28

neighbourhoods. The vast water body stretch imparts microclimatic condition, which contribute the humidity and dust free cool breezes. Hence the town is located towards eastern hill top of the lake.

81. The drainage and wastewater inflow into lake is quite striking, which pollutes the water. Besides, the storm water is highly contaminated by the pesticides, weedicides, and chemical fertilizers used in agriculture fields of the catchments area which affects the water quality and the life of the aquatic flora and fauna of the lake also the health of the likely user of the lake. The activities such as cattle washing, cloth washing, etc., which leads the water pollution of the lake. This generates bad and also, after performing different type of superstitious pujas the people will dispose their cloths in the lake and other puja ceremonial offerings like, flowers, concentrate and etc., creates visual pollution. 82. Thus the pleasant and appealing landscape of the lakefront is lost, so this lake shall be protected from the pollution by Conservation and Upgrading extensively, to impart this water body, as a pleasing conspicuous and captivating landscape for the feature of the Town. 83. The lake is comprised of 1.44 sq kmts, in the survey of India Toposheet No. 56 C/13. Geologically the area is covered by latterite followed by BASALT due to humidity and climate the upper portion of the BASALT (Trap) is altered in to latterite. 84. The Lake has been silted up over the centuries to know the average thickness of the silt; geophysical survey was carried out by conducting vertical electrical soundings in the lake. The average thickness of the silt in the central portion of the Lake ranges from 6 to 7.5 meters and the same becomes thin and ranges from 1.5 to 2.0 meters all along the edge of the Lake. The thickness of different layers based on receptivity values is as below.

Silt --------------------- 1.5 to 7.5 mts. Latterite -------------- 2 to 4.5 mts.

85. This lake also influences the underground water quality. The Physico-Chemical condition of lake along with adjacent bore well is as below:

Table 18: Physico-chemical Parameters of Tripuranthkeshwar Lake

Sl. No. Parameters Unit Standard

Tripuranth keshwar

Lake, water sample

Borewell Water Sample

in Tripuranthkes

hwar Lake 1 PH 6.5-8.5 8.83 7.71 2 Electrical

Conductivity EC micromos

6 8.52

2 Dissolved Oxygen mg/lt 5 4.6mg/lt. 3 Turbidity ppm 50 70 ppm Total Dissolved

Solids mg/l 500 511 mg/lt.

4 Total Alkalinity mg/lt 200 108mg/lt 5 Chloride mg/lt 250 68 mg/lt. 103 mg/lt. 6 Total Hardness

Calcium Hardness Magnesium Hardness

mg/lt 300 75 30

352 mg/lt. 172 mg/lt 180 mg/lt.

252 mg/lt. 27 mg/lt. 46 mg/lt

29

Sl. No. Parameters Unit Standard

Tripuranth keshwar

Lake, water sample

Borewell Water Sample

in Tripuranthkes

hwar Lake7 Magnesium mg/lt 30 122 mg/lt. 168 mg/lt. 8 Colour Hazen

Unit 10 Pale Yellow

9 SO4 mg/lt 150 80 mg/lt. 10 NO3 mg/lt 45 48 mg/lt. 11 Na mg/lt 75 90 mg/lt.

Source: DPR, Tripuranth Lake, 2007 Criticality 86. Due to downtown location of lake in natural drainage carries water of town and huge catchments area as a result the amount of silt is more in both lake and as well as ground water. Consequently EC is also high in Ground water quality and TDS is become high. Although area is under latterite and basaltic nature the hardness of water is less but due to waste water intrusion into Lake. In Tripuranth lake CACO3 value is more than permissible limit. Even it color is also in pale yellow which shows the mixing of sewage water. Mainly cattle washing, clothes washing and waste water all pollutants change its chemical homeostatic nature. The quality of lake water is deteriorated and resulted the adjacent water table in aquifer becomes polluted.

C. Ground Water: 87. Ground water is drawn through open wells and bore wells fitted with hand pumps. To asses the water quality of town and people access of water quality is to be assessed by examining the water quality of these open wells and bore wells. At present water level of town 18 mt to 20 mt bgl. Although the ground water table is depleted day by day. There is not single point is monitored and tested for wells water quality. By discussion with local people it is revealed that water flow is poor and as a result water tap puts up below the ground level at household level. That water is not use for drinking purpose. Only one time water is supplied for drinking purpose. There is needed to take action for water recharge of aquifer. 88. The overall assessment of this town is that water quality is poor. Maximum water is saline. Whole area’s porosity is very high level. As a result the siltation process is also very high. The after effect of water is that TDS is more. Lots of silt and mud are coming from bore wells. Due to absence of sewer line drainage facility of ground water is become polluted. Total hardness of water is also high it may be due to aquifer’s chemical composition of area. Although, aquifer condition is basically determining factor of physical characteristics of water but the needful treatment is needed for drinking purpose over here. The chemical condition of the area is as follows. The sample water tested data has been drawn as follows:

Table 19 : Ground Water Quality of Basavakalyan

Sl. No. Parameters Unit Standard

Borewell Water Sample in Tripuranth keshwar Lake

1 PH 6.5-8.5 7.71 2 Electrical

Conductivity EC Micro mos

6 8.52

2 Dissolved Oxygen mg/lt 5

30

Sl. No. Parameters Unit Standard

Borewell Water Sample in Tripuranth keshwar Lake

3 Turbidity ppm 50 Total Dissolved

Solids mg/l 500 511 mg/lt.

4 Total Alkalinity mg/lt 200 5 Chloride mg/lt 250 103 mg/lt. 6 Total Hardness

Calcium Hardness Magnesium Hardness

mg/lt 300 75 30

252 mg/lt. 27 mg/lt. 46 mg/lt

7 Magnesium mg/lt 30 168 mg/lt. 8 Colour Hazen

Unit 10

9 SO4 mg/lt 150 80 mg/lt. 10 NO3 mg/lt 45 48 mg/lt. 11 Na mg/lt 75 90 mg/lt.

Source: DPR, Tripuranth Lake, 2007 Criticality

D. Waste Water:

89. Karnataka Pollution Control Board, Bidar has monitored one point of water quality at open drain which is mainly cause of water pollution. The location point is open drain at ward no. 1 near Hanuman Mandir within municipal limit near to assess the outlet of sewage to directly to water body. The tested data has been tabulated as under:

Table 20: Waste Water Quality, Basavakalyan

Sl No. Parameters Unit

Tested Result

1 Total Suspended Solids mg/ l 2676

2 Bio- Chemical Oxygen Demand for 3 days at 27 degree Centigrade mg/l 2100

Source: KSPCB, Bidar 90. Viewing above data it is revealed that the turbidity of water is very high. Although the flow of water is very poor and subsequently TDS value of water has increased. But BOD level is more than 70 times more than permissible limit. It means the intercepts of Sewage in open drain.

91. Since the water intake point is quite far from city limit. But area is fall under red soil area where, porosity level is too high. Consequently this polluted water percolated to underneath aquifer and get polluted. Presently, water is also intake from ground water near Tripuranth Water tank. The quality of Tripuranth tank is also very poor. City does not get as per standard of Environmental Protection Rule, 1986 Vide 1 level water quality for potable use.

6. Ambient Air Quality 92. The ambient air quality is one of the most significant indicators of environmental health of a town. Ambient air quality monitoring has not been carried out at any point in the Basavakalyan Town. During transit view it is observed that SPM level is very high. Road side

31

condition is poor. The loosened particle of latterite soil is blown with air, which is bad for health. It may cause also asthma. 93. Another most important in Basavakalyan town in respect to Environmental quality for air condition is that 3000 lorry is daily halting in city limit. It carries loot of vehicular pollution to city. Most Lorries are carrying unleaded petrol or diesel driven vehicle and no pollution check has been provided for the city gateway. To make pollution free zone there is need to control the vehicular emission in city with system of fuels 94. As per CPCB norms the standard for Ambient Air Quality of any particular area is as follows:

Table 21: Ambient Air Quality Standards (National)

Pollutants Time-

Weighted Average

Concentration in Ambient Air Method of

Measurement Industrial Areas

Residential, Rural &

Other AreasSensitive

Areas

Sulpher Dioxide (SO2)

Annual Average*

80 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 15 µg/m3 Improved West and Geake Method Ultraviolet Fluorescence

24 hours**

120 µg/m3

80 µg/m3 30 µg/m3

Oxides of Nitrogen as (NO2)

Annual Average*

80 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 15 µg/m3 Jacob & Hochheiser Modified (Na-Arsenite) Method

24 hours**

120 µg/m3

80 µg/m3 30 µg/m3 - Gas Phase Chemiluminescence

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

Annual Average*

360 µg/m3

140 µg/m3 70 µg/m3 - High Volume Sampling, (Average flow rate not less than 1.1 m3/minute).

24 hours**

500 µg/m3

200 µg/m3 100 µg/m3

Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) (size less than 10 microns)

Annual Average*

120 µg/m3

60 µg/m3 50 µg/m3 Respirable particulate matter sampler

24 hours**

150 µg/m3

100 µg/m3 75 µg/m3

Lead (Pb) Annual Average*

1.0 µg/m3 0.75 µg/m3 0.50 µg/m3

- ASS Method after sampling using EPM 2000 or equivalent Filter paper

24 hours**

1.5 µg/m3 1.00 µg/m3 0.75 µg/m3

.

32

Pollutants Time-

Weighted Average

Concentration in Ambient Air Method of

Measurement Industrial Areas

Residential, Rural &

Other AreasSensitive

Areas

Ammonia1 Annual Average*

0.1 mg/ m3

0.1 mg/ m3 0.1 mg/m3

.

24 hours**

0.4 mg/ m3

0.4 mg/m3 0.4 mg/m3

.

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

8 hours** 5.0 mg/m3

2.0 mg/m3 1.0 mg/ m3

- Non Dispersive Infra Red (NDIR)

1 hour 10.0 mg/m3

4.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3

Spectroscopy

*Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval. ** 24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days

Source: CPCB 95. In general the whole Basavakalyan town there is no as such polluting industrial unit, which is operating to produce bulk amount of air pollution. Dal (Pulses) industry and few others are operating within particular premises. Even most of the area under industrial zone is lying vacant and yet to be in operation. But before full operation of industrial site there is need to have common treatment plant and controlling measure for air pollution.

7. Ambient Noise Quality: 96. Noise can disturb our work, rest, sleep and communication. It can damage our hearing and evoke other psychological and possibly pathological reactions. This fact has been experienced widely and is a serious concern to every one. The Govt. of India has timely included noise as an air pollutant in the amended act of 1997 for which has laid down as following: 97. The Central Pollution Control Board in exercise of its powers under section 16 (2) (h) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, notified the ambient air quality standard in response as:

Table 22: Standard of Noise Level

Category of Area Day time(6 a.m. to 9 p.m) limits in Decibels (dB)

Night time (9 p.m. to 6 a.m) limits in Decibels (dB)

Industrial Area 75 70 Commercial Area 65 55 Residential Area 55 45 Sensitive Zone 50 40

Source: CPCB 98. There is no single monitoring station is being done for assessing the noise level of city. Although only one main spine is catering the main traffic zone to city heart but NH-9 is entering at the gate of the Town. From there main road goes upto fort and old town. Even lorry/trucks are in regular in whole day – night entering into city and several places halting. These are main source of increase of noise level source. There is needed to make separate place to restrict them. Even no single noise barrier has been made in town limit.

33

Fig 2.7Population Growth of Basavakalyan Town

010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,000

1901

1911

1921

1931

1941

1951

1961

1971

1981

1991

2001

Years

Popu

latio

n in

No

-30-20-1001020304050

Gro

wth

Ra

te in

%

Population (Nos.) Decadal Growth (%)

8. Social Environment

A. Ethnic Minorities and Indigenous Peoples

99. No communities of ethnic minorities and indigenous people have been reported within the project area. Health and Hygiene

(i) No safe disposal method does presently exist. A large number of dry latrines still exist but the night soil freely flows in the open causing serious unsanitary conditions and health hazard. The problem needs immediate attention as it pollutes the public water courses also.

(ii) The absence of municipal taps and non-availability of staff for maintenance have

resulted in the poor state of the public latrines, which are largely being used by the slum population.

Demographic Characteristics:

100. Population Growth: The town population of Basavakalyan CMC is 58,785 as per census 2001. The town has experienced positive population growth in the last decade (37.41% from 1991 to 2001), compared to 29 % average decadal growth in 1970’s and 1980’s. The population increase in the 1960’s (45.75 % from 1961 to 1971) can be attributed to the importance given to the areas by the State government after reorganization of the states in 1956. The subsequent years have witnessed natural increase of population, with a marginal increase in migration in the last decade attributed to failure of rains and lack of employment opportunities in agriculture.

101. The estimated

population for design period by year 2041 is 137,700.

102. The total number of

households in the CMC according to the census 1991 is 5,647 Correspondingly, the household size is 7.5, which is far higher compared to the national average of 5, which signifies an increase in the dependency ratio. At present the household size is 6.7, where total household are 8,718.

Socio Economic Characteristics:

103. The work force participation rate (WFPR) of the town is 29 per cent. Out of total population only 29 percentage populations is working population and rest 71 percent population are non working population. In 1991 total no of working population were 12031 and in 1981 it became 9720. Day by day number of non-working population is more in number than the working population. It depicts that

34

one third of the total population is only employed and rest are unemployed. It means the dependency ratio is very high in this town.

B. Environmental Setting of Investment Programme Component Sites: Site Selection for Sewerage Treatment Plant at Betbelkunta Village

104. The STPs will be constructed sufficiently away from the settlement area. The sites selections have been justified because the treated effluent form the plant will be used in agricultural purposes, etc. Sludge will be used for manure.

105. The existing WTP will serve the demand for 2026. For Ultimate design period

2041 water works to be worked out in Phase II.

106. The existing site is predominantly agricultural flat field. At present there is no habitation or any permanent structure exists. No irrigational canal or water body are lying within site area.

35

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING OF SUB COMPONENTS:

107. The proposed Sewerage system consists of STP, sewer Line etc. The impacts of proposed works are site-specific, and few are irreversible. In most cases, mitigation measures can be designed to minimize the impact. So this Sewerage sub projects will be categorized as Category B project and as well as Water Supply Sub project will be categorised as Category B. The detail REA checklist for sub components of Sewerage and Water Supply sub project for Basavakalyan Town is appended in Annexure.

36

V. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Overview:

108. This section identifies and assesses the probable impacts on different environmental parameters during planning, construction and the operation of the proposed development. After studying the existing baseline environmental scenario, initial field surveys, reviewing the process and related statutory norms, the major impacts have been identified and assessed for the design, construction and the operation phases. Potential positive impacts or improvements are also reviewed.

Potential Impact & Mitigation Measures under Sub Component of Sewerage System, water Supply System and Slum Improvement Works:

109. Planning and Design covers the construction details, materials of construction

etc. that ultimately decides the impact during later phases. Most of the impacts are during construction and operation phase. While some of the construction phase impacts are temporary, some are permanent. The permanent impacts would be positive in nature such as increase in business & employment opportunities, reduction in accidents, and comfort in journey.

110. Planning and Design covers the construction details, materials of construction

etc. that ultimately decides the impact during later phases. Most of the impacts are during construction and operation phase. While some of the construction phase impacts are temporary, some are permanent. The permanent impacts would be positive in nature such as increase in business & employment opportunities, reduction in accidents, and comfort in journey.

111. Screening of environmental impacts has been based on the impact

magnitude (negligible/moderate/severe – in the order of increasing degree) and impact duration (temporary/permanent). The following table shows the screening of impacts; N/T represents the lowest impact while S/P represents the highest impact. Numerator represents the Degree of Impact and denominator represents the Duration of impact.

Table 23: Screening of Impacts

Source: Analysis The following tables provide the potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures of sewerage components proposed under NKUSIP in Basavakalyan.

Duration of Impact

Magnitude (Degree of Impact) Negligible(N) Moderate(M) Severe(S)

Temporary(T) N/T M/T S/T Permanent (P) N/P M/P S/P

37

Table 24: Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage Sub Component

Environmental Impact Damages to Environment Screening

of Impacts

Recommended Feasible Protection Measure Comments

Implementing Agency

Problems related to sitting for facilities Land Acquisition Land

degradation N/P Payment o