Initiatives of DUDBC in Disaster Risk Reduction and Response in Nepal

Presented By Amrit Man Tuladhar, Senior Divisional Engineer

Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Department of Urban Development and Building Construction

BabarMahal, Kathmandu email: amritmtuladhar@yahoo.com

Presented on

National Symposium on Experiences in Disaster Risk Reduction and Response

13-14 January, 2009 : Kathmandu , NEPAL

Disaster Risks and Vulnerabilities in Nepal

Natural• – Earthquake• – Flood and landslides• – Windstorms, Hailstorms, thunderbolts• – Droughts• – EpidemicsHuman‐induced• – Fire• – Landslides• – Industrial accidents• – Road accidents etc.

What Next ? What is the immediate Response ?

DISASTER

1) RESCUE First2) Medical Treatment (First Aid)3) Food / Water4) Shelter / Temporary Shelter

Contingency Plan Based on Cluster Approach :

Introduced  by  UN  Inter‐Agency  Standing  Committee  (IASC)  in 2005  to  enhance  humanitarian  action  during  emergencies  and respond to them in coherent, effective and coordinated manner.

Cluster Identified• Health  and  Nutrition• Water and sanitation• Education• Protection• Logistics• Emergency Shelter etc.

CONTENGENCY PLANNING 

SHELTER CLUSTEROverall Objectives

To provide basic/minimal necessity shelter to 

homeless due to Disaster.Specific Objectives

Provide Temporary Emergency Shelter to homelessProvide survival Shelter kits

Salient features of Contingency Plan  (Shelter):B.  Types of Shelter:• Accommodation with host families• Shelter in public buildings• Open Space• Shelter at reconstructed houses• Plastic sheeting, tarpaulin and tentsC.  Shelter  kit: (Tarpaulin  Sheet,  Floor mat, Blanket, Plastic rope, Mosquito net, Bamboo, G.I. Wire etc.

Shelter Kid per Family (Average Family Size‐7)

SN Item Unit Quantity Specification

1 Tarpaulin sheet

sheet 1/Family The tarpaulin should be made from high density woven fabric laminated both sideThere should no be any gaps between the strips. The strips should be even and straight.The joint of the tarpaulin should be electrically stitched.Size - 12x18 feet (tolerance +/- 5%Weight - 4.5 kg (tolerance +/- 10%Eyelets: strong aluminum eyelets on four side of the sheet at 100 cm center to center

2 Flood mat no 1 for 2-3 people

Made of plastic, tightly woen size 6'x3'

3 Plastic rope

gram 250 3 ply

4 Blanket no 1 for 2-3 people

Size 1.4x2.1 meter (tolerance +/- 5%)Wood content - minimum 50% (tolerance +/- 10%)weight - 1.9 kilogram (tolerance +/- 10%)Wood content - minimum 50% (tolerance +/- 10%)Color - anyBorder - two side cloth stitchedPrinting - ACT international logo sticker has to be stitched in each blanketPacking - each blanket should packed in individual polyphone bag.

Emergency Response Activitiesfor Shelter Cluster

• Gather /Communicate in a Pre determined  places (Shelter Cluster Members)

• Activate Contingency Planning  for implementation

• Collect info from Rapid Assessment Team on existing situation (Identify the IDP). 

• Mobilize DMCs (Community/Local/ NRCS network etc)

• Collection/Distribution of Shelter Kits

• Installation of Shelter Kits

• Damage and Need Assessment

DUDBC initiatives concerning Koshi Flood• Cost estimation of emergency and intermediate shelter kits at NRs. 6388 and 17340 per kit respectively

• Need assessment of shelter kin for about 12000 families

• Activities and cost required to accommodate 12000 families.

30,750,000Total

750,00050000Nos.15 nos. Shelter and storage facilities for 200 security personnel

3

18,000,0001500Nos.Access to the camp, internal linkages, platforms, kitchen and electrification

2

Does not cover the cost of tent and shelter kit

12,000,0001000NosSite preparation and surface drainage

1

RemarksCost, NRs.Cost/UnitUnitActivitiesSN

Biratnagar Jhuma after Koshi Flood

Biratnagar Jhuma after Koshi Flood

Flood Displaced Shelter

Emergency Recovery Activities

• Damage Assessment (Detailed)

• Facilitate Recovery Process• Disseminate Appropriate 

Reconstruction Technology

Shelter Response Strategy Workshop

Earthquake Risk Reduction and Recovery Preparedness Programme

for Nepal(UNDP/ERRRP Project)

Project Design

The program is designed in the context of the International  Recovery Platform (IRP) for the fulfillment of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005‐2015: (World Conference on Disaster Reduction : Jan. 2005 Kobe, Japan)

Project InitiationUNDP/BCPR (Bureau of Crisis Prevention and Recovery) with the support of Government of Japan initiated "Earthquake Risk Reduction and Recovery Preparedness (ERRRP) program" in Five High Risk South Asian countries :

1. Nepal 2. Bhutan 3. Bangladesh 4. India 5. Pakistan

Project is Design for 5 South Asian Countries

Nepal

Pakistan

Bhutan

BangladeshIndiaZone 0 MM V and Below

Zone 1 MM VI

Zone 2 MM VII

Zone 3 MM VIII

Zone 4 MM IX and above

1. Northern edge of Indiansubcontinent has been sliding beneath theHimalayas for mil. Years. Requires EQ to happen

2. 4 m of potential slip accumulated every 200 years @ 2 cm/yr

3. This potential slip as elastic strain

4. <45% of Himalayan arc ruptured in major EQ in last 200 years

5. Average slip : few m to 10 m during large EQ

VERY LARGE EARTHQUAKE (M>8) OVERDUE IN THE HIMALAYAS

SEISMIC HAZARD OF THE HIMALAYAS:5 POINTS OF ROGER BILHAM et al

SEISMIC HAZARD OF THE HIMALAYAS:5 POINTS OF ROGER BILHAM et al

Earthquake Risk Reduction and Recovery Preparedness Programme for Nepal 

Selected municipalities for the project implementation

Dhangadhi Surkhet

Far w

este

rn

Deve

lopm

ent

Regi

on

Pokhara

Hetauda

Biratnagar

Kathmandu

(Central Office)

Western Development Region

Mid-western

Development

Region

Central Development

Region

Eastern Development

Region

Selected municipalities for the project 

implementation

• Central Region   Hetauda Municipality 

• Eastern Region  Biratnagar Sub‐metropolitan City 

• Western  Region  Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City  

• Mid‐western Region Birendranagar Municipality

• Far‐western Region  Dhangadhi Municipality

Implementing Organizations and it's roles 

• Ministry of Physical Planning and Works (MPPW)

Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) : Responsible for the overall implementation of the project

• Ministry of Home Affairs: Responsible for inter‐ministerial coordination

• Ministry of Local Development: Responsible for inter‐municipality coordination as the focal agency 

• Selected Municipalities: Responsible for the municipality level activities of the project

PLANNED ACTIVITIES  

1. Earthquake risk, vulnerability and capacity assessment conducted in the project areas

2. Capacities of government institutions and communities enhanced to  adapt  and  implement  earthquake  preparedness  planning  and safe construction practice 

3.Capacity  of  the  government  strengthened  in  disaster  recovery preparedness : Postponed for next year

4.Capacities  of  the  government  developed  to  implement  locally appropriate solutions for earthquake risk reduction 

1. Earthquake risk, vulnerability and capacity assessment conducted in the project areas, especially from gender and poverty perspective, to support the government and communities

• Assessment of program municipalities in terms of Earthquake Risk and vulnerability and Prepare  Municipal Profile of five programme municipalities

• Preparation of Seismic Vulnerability  Evaluation Guideline for Private and Public Building (For pre disaster vulnerability and post disaster damage assessment)

2.  Capacities  of  government  institutions  and  communities  enhanced  to adapt  and  implement  earthquake  preparedness  planning  and  safe construction practice

• Training on earthquake resistant construction for institutional professionals, municipal engineers, masons, supervisors etc. i:e Supervisor Training –Biratnagar (33 supervisor were trained); Training on Structural Analysis and Earthquake Resistance Design of Buildings  using SAP 2000 – Pokhara, ; Mason Training  – Hetauda and Dhangadh ; NBC Training ‐Surkhet (As per training need assessment)

• Sensitized program on Earthquake Risk Reduction organized in five program municipalities  (650 Nos)

3. Communities are made aware of seismic safe construction through demonstration with demonstrative construction of new and strengthening of existing building stock

‐ Selection, design and cost estimation of 1 public buildings in each of the municipalities

‐ Buildings had been identified as per recommendation from Project Municipalities

‐ Retrofitting / construction of one demonstrative public building in 5 project municipalities will be completed

Training on Structural Analysis and Earthquake Resistance Design of Buildings  using SAP 2000 and NBC at Pokhara

(July 27th. to Aug.2nd. 2008)

Training Classes for Sub Contractors

Mason Training Programm at Hetauda

Practical Exercise Earthquake Resistance Building…..

NBC Training Program at Birendranagar

Sensitization Program on Earthquake Risk Reduction and Preparedness at Hetauda

Sensitization Program on Earthquake Risk Reduction and Preparedness at Pokhara

Sensitization Program on Earthquake Risk Reduction and Preparedness at Birendranagar

21st November, 2008

4. Capacity of the government strengthened in disaster recovery preparedness

• Support for regional workshop in Nepal (August 10‐12, 2008)Regional Programme Coordination Workshop on Earthquake Risk Reduction and Recovery was organized in Kathmandu Nepal : Participated by delegates from Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal and Japan

Regional Programme Coordination Workshop on Earthquake Risk Reduction and Recovery Preparedness Programme for South Asia Region 

5 Assessment of Building permit process conducted in five municipalities to support the implementation of building code 

• Update and  review  existing government and municipal policies on earthquake risk reduction 

• Suggestion/recommendation for upgrading of existing building bye laws  at municipalities based on Review Report 

• Preparation of Recommendation report for update of Nepal National Building Code

Status of Nepal National Building Code

SN Activities Date Remarks

1 After 1988 earthquake (6.7 Richter Scale ) in eastern Nepal- 721 v people died- More than 20,000 houses was damaged

National Building code Development Project was formulated on 1992-93

NBC felt very necessity

2 Nepal National Building code Developed (20 Volumes)

1994 UNDP/Habitat Support

3 Building Act 2055 2055 Asadh 18th. Raj Patra (Gazette)

4 NBC was Revised and updated 2060 Baisakh (2004) DUDBC

5 Three more code developedi) Architectural Design Requirementsii) Electrical Design Requirementsiii) Sanitary and Plumbing Design Requirements

2060 Jestha DUDBC

6 NBC implementation Strategy was developed 2060 Jesth-Asadh DUDBC

7 NBC and NBC implementation Strategy was approved by Cabinet

2060 Shrawan 12th. Raj Patra (Gazette)

8 NBC was implemented for all Govt. Buildings 2060 Shrawan 12th. DUDBCDUDBC

9 Application form and checklist was developed for NBC implementation in the municipalities

2060 Mansir DUDBCDUDBC

10 NBC was implemented for 58 municipalities and 121 VDCs

2062 Falgun 1st. (2006) Raj Patra (Gazette)

11 Building Act 2055 Revision 2064 Bhadra 14th.(2008) Raj Patra (Gazette)

Status of Nepal National Building code : Chronological OrderStatus of Nepal National Building code : Chronological Order

Activities: Initiatives of DUDBC in Earthquake  Risk ReductionDUDBC is enforcing the National Building code in all governmental buildings and 

at  the  same  time  it  is  also  enforcing  the  code  in  the  private buildings  through municipalities. DUDBC disseminates NBC nation wideDifferent  training  programs  had  been  organized  :  More  than  350  Nos.  of 

Engineer/ Architects and more  than 450 nos. of  sub engineer had been  trained how to use of NBCDUDBC has prepared building constructing Guidelines in simple Nepali language 

based on NBC. DUDBC  trained more  than 7500 masons all over  the  country  for earthquakes safe building construction.Organized  various  symposium, workshops  about use  of NBC. Also  established 

hoarding boards in different parts in Kathmandu and outside the valley also.]Published  various  poster,  pamphlets,  booklets,  hording  boards  about  NBC, 

shake Table Demonstration in different regions of the country.Retrofitting of existing  vulnerable Government buildings  (Hospital,  school  and 

other public buildings). Recently DUDBC  is  implanting Retrofitting work  for  Fee clinic at Chhetrapati, Kathmandu.In  an  attempt  towards  dissemination  NBC,  DUDBC  is  actively  involved  in organizing earthquake safety day every year on 2nd Magh. 

Earthquake Safety Day, Jan. 2007

Shake Table Demonstration on Public Place during Earthquake Safety Day Celebration Jan. 2007 :

Earthquake Safety Day 2008

Thank you for your attention !