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Injuries to the TissuesInjuries to the Tissues
Role of ATCRole of ATC
1. Recognize different types of injuries
2. Distinguish between levels of injury severity
3. Apply appropriate first aid and ongoing treatment
Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization
Cells
Organ Systems Tissues
Organs
Cells
• Basic structural and functional unit of ALL living organisms.
• Cells divide to form tissues (specialization)
• Divide through meiosis and mitosis
• Meiosis – sex cell division
• Mitosis – all other cell division
Types of CellsTypes of CellsBlood cells Nerve Cell
Cardiac Muscle Cell
Skeletal muscles are stimulated by nerve impulses carried by motor neurons. The axon (A) that carries the impulse to
little pads called motor end plates (B).
Types of Cells
Types of Cells
TissuesTissues
• A collection of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function
• Interstitial fluid – tissue fluid that occupies tiny spaces between cells
• Dehydration = not enough tissue fluid• Edema (swelling) = too much tissue
fluid
Types of Tissue
1. Epithelial Tissue (Skin) – lines outside and inside of the body and organs
abrasions
l lacerations
contusions
Types of Tissues
2. Connective Tissue
“holds” things together
provide framework– Examples:
• Soft– Adipose (fatty)– Tendons– Ligaments
• Hard– Osseous (bone)– Cartilage
Types of Tissues
3. Nerve Tissue – the communication highway from the CNS to the muscles, organs, and other various systems
• Composed ofNeurons – Nerve cells
Types of Tissues
4. Muscle Tissue – allows muscles to produce movement and power
• Types– Skeletal (attaches to
bones)– Cardiac (causes heart
to contract)– Smooth (organs)
Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissue
• Abrasions – outer layer has been scraped off
• Laceration – jagged tear in the flesh• Puncture Wounds – penetration of a sharp
object• Incision – clean, straight cut• Avulsion – tissue is torn loose or pulled off• Callus – thickened area of skin• Blister – build-up of fluid under the skin• Bites – occur from insects, reptiles, animals, and
humans
Injuries to Tissues
A. B.
C. D.
Skin Infections and Conditions
• Tinea Pedis – (athletes foot) caused by fungus
• Hematomas – a blood-filled swollen area (goose-egg)
• Contusions – Injury received by a blow causing bleeding in the tissue (bruise)
Contusions: Treatment and CareContusions: Treatment and Care
Immediate Treatment (RICER)• Rest• Ice – applied for 20 minutes• Compression – ace bandage• Elevation• Range of Motion
Follow-up Treatment• Continue to ice• Mild stretching• Protect area = donut-shaped pad over injury
Muscular System
•Over 600 muscles in the body
•All produce movement
3 Types of Muscle Tissue– Cardiac– Smooth– Skeletal
Skeletal Muscles
• Point of origin
• Point of insertion
• Attached to bones by tendons
Movements of Skeletal Muscles
Plantar Flexion
Dorsiflexion
Pronation Supination
Abduction Adduction
Flexion and Extension
Injuries to Muscle Tissue
• Muscle Strain – overstretching or tearing of the muscle
– Usually where the tendon meets the muscle– Common sites: hamstrings, hip flexor,
quadriceps, gastrocnemius
– Classified in degrees: 1st, 2nd, 3rd
TreatmentRICEStretching
• Myositis Ossificans – condition in which calcium is produced within the muscle after a blow
Treatment
Send to physician for x-ray
Use donut-shaped pad over area when returns
• Tendonitis – inflammation of a tendon– caused by repeated stress & repetitive
motions– microtears in tendon sheath
Treatment
RICE
mild stretching
Healing Process