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Injury Prevention Injury Prevention OverviewOverview
WHAMWHAM
Injury Prevention OverviewInjury Prevention Overview
Extent of the injury problemExtent of the injury problem
Science of injury preventionScience of injury prevention
Ways to help your patients Ways to help your patients and communitiesand communities
ResourcesResources
Injuries are not “accidents”Injuries are not “accidents”
Unintentional injuries Unintentional injuries are the leading cause are the leading cause of death and of death and hospitalization from hospitalization from ages 1 through 44ages 1 through 44
Most are preventableMost are preventable
Known, effective Known, effective interventions work!interventions work!
10 Leading Causes of Death by Age --Blue boxes indicate injury deaths.
Quick Quiz…Quick Quiz…
What are the leading What are the leading cause of most cause of most fatalfatal
unintentional injuries?unintentional injuries?
FatalitiesFatalities
Motor VehicleMotor Vehicle Falls Falls (adults)(adults)
Poisoning Poisoning (adults)(adults)
Drowning Drowning (toddlers/teens/older adults)(toddlers/teens/older adults)
Airway Obstruction Airway Obstruction (under 1 y.o.)(under 1 y.o.)
Pedestrian Pedestrian (older adults, ages 1-4 and (older adults, ages 1-4 and 20-24)20-24)
Pedal CyclistPedal Cyclist Fires and BurnsFires and Burns PoisoningPoisoning FirearmsFirearms
Source: Washington State Dept. of Health
Fatalities: tip of the icebergFatalities: tip of the iceberg
1Death
45Hospitaliz
ations1,300
Emergency Room Visits
2,600Treated at Doctor Office
or Home
Quick Quiz…Quick Quiz…
What causes the most What causes the most nonfatalnonfatal unintentional unintentional
injuries?injuries?
Non-fatal HospitalizationsNon-fatal Hospitalizations
Falls Falls (older adults)(older adults)
Motor VehicleMotor Vehicle Poisoning Poisoning (adults (adults
and toddlers)and toddlers)
Natural environment Natural environment (bites, stings, etc.)(bites, stings, etc.)
““Struck By/Against”Struck By/Against” Fires/BurnsFires/Burns Cut/PierceCut/Pierce
Source: Washington State Dept. of Health
Fatal
Hospitalized
Non-hospitalized
Total
149,075
Incidence Medical CostsProductivity
Losses Total Costs
$1 Billion $142 Billion $143 Billion
1,869,857 $34 Billion $49 Billion $92 Billion
48,108,166 $45 Billion $125 Billion $171 Billion
50,127,098 $80 Billion $326 Billion $406 Billion
US Incidence and Costs of Injury (Finkelstein, et al 2006)
Cost Estimates Based on 2000 data
Injury Prevention as a ScienceInjury Prevention as a Science
Known risk factorsKnown risk factors Scientific research Scientific research
(conducted by leaders such as Johns (conducted by leaders such as Johns Hopkins, Centers For Disease Control, Hopkins, Centers For Disease Control, Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, etc.)Center, etc.)
Best practice interventions Best practice interventions based on research and databased on research and data
Scientific “public health” model:Scientific “public health” model:
Define problem: look at data!Define problem: look at data!
Identify risk and protective factorsIdentify risk and protective factors
Develop and test prevention Develop and test prevention strategiesstrategies
Assure widespread adoption of Assure widespread adoption of injury prevention principals and injury prevention principals and strategiesstrategies
Quick QuizQuick Quiz
Who is most likely to Who is most likely to be injured?be injured?
Most at-risk Most at-risk
Younger childrenYounger children Older adultsOlder adults MalesMales Minority childrenMinority children Poor childrenPoor children
Traditional “E’s” of Injury Traditional “E’s” of Injury PreventionPrevention
Education: community and individualEducation: community and individual
Engineering: safer products, roadways, Engineering: safer products, roadways, construction practices, etc.construction practices, etc.
Enforcement: laws, policies,ordinances, Enforcement: laws, policies,ordinances, building codes, etc.building codes, etc.
Another “E”: EvaluationAnother “E”: Evaluation
Activity should be based on data that shows Activity should be based on data that shows
a) issue is important a) issue is important
b) target population is appropriateb) target population is appropriate
c) intervention strategy is promisingc) intervention strategy is promising
Trusted ResourcesTrusted Resources Centers For Disease and PreventionCenters For Disease and Prevention Safe Kids WorldwideSafe Kids Worldwide American Academy of PediatricsAmerican Academy of Pediatrics Consumer Product Safety Commission Consumer Product Safety Commission National Highway Transportation National Highway Transportation
Administration (NHTSA)Administration (NHTSA)
Local coalitionsLocal coalitions
Safe Kids Pierce CountySafe Kids Pierce County
Pierce County Child Passenger Pierce County Child Passenger Safety TeamSafety Team
Pierce County Falls Prevention Pierce County Falls Prevention CoalitionCoalition
Pierce County Leadership for Alcohol Pierce County Leadership for Alcohol and Drug Free Youthand Drug Free Youth
New resource developed for New resource developed for emergency personnel:emergency personnel:
Developed by local Developed by local prevention specialistsprevention specialists
Modules added to OTEP Modules added to OTEP Enables you to address Enables you to address
prevention during the prevention during the “teachable moment” “teachable moment” following an injury or near-following an injury or near-injuryinjury
Provides you with Provides you with resources to leave with the resources to leave with the patient/patient’s familypatient/patient’s family
WHAMWHAM
Why talk about injury prevention Why talk about injury prevention afterafter an injury (or near miss)? an injury (or near miss)?
On-scene EMS crews are in an ideal position to On-scene EMS crews are in an ideal position to deliver prevention info because…deliver prevention info because…
Research with brief interventions in hospitals show a Research with brief interventions in hospitals show a patient is psychologically open to information, patient is psychologically open to information, creating a “teachable moment”creating a “teachable moment”
EMS may be the "tipping point" for the patient or EMS may be the "tipping point" for the patient or caregiver to incorporate safety practices caregiver to incorporate safety practices
If a person experiences one injury, he/she is at If a person experiences one injury, he/she is at higher risk for a future injuryhigher risk for a future injury
Other healthcare providers often lack appropriate Other healthcare providers often lack appropriate knowledge or resourcesknowledge or resources
Patients treat on-scene and released may not have Patients treat on-scene and released may not have another opportunity for safety counselinganother opportunity for safety counseling
WWhat risks are observed on scene?hat risks are observed on scene?
HHow can we keep from coming back?ow can we keep from coming back?
AAction to take to prevent future ction to take to prevent future injuriesinjuries
MMaterials to leave behind aterials to leave behind
WHAMWHAM
WHAM FoldersWHAM Folders
Folders provided for emergency rigsFolders provided for emergency rigs Folders divided by injury areas:Folders divided by injury areas:
HelmetsHelmets FirearmsFirearms PoisoningPoisoning Falls among Older AdultsFalls among Older Adults Child Passenger / Motor Vehicle SafetyChild Passenger / Motor Vehicle Safety Airway ObstructionsAirway Obstructions BurnsBurns Open Water DrowningOpen Water Drowning
Contains prevention info and local resourcesContains prevention info and local resources
WHAM developed by:WHAM developed by: Central Pierce Fire & RescueCentral Pierce Fire & Rescue
City of DuPont Fire DepartmentCity of DuPont Fire DepartmentGig Harbor Fire & Medic OneGig Harbor Fire & Medic One
Safe Kids Pierce CountySafe Kids Pierce CountyTacoma-Pierce County Health Dept.Tacoma-Pierce County Health Dept.
With funding from:With funding from:West Region EMS & West Region EMS & Trauma Care CouncilTrauma Care Council