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Inner-Space Speciation Inner-Space Speciation ProjectProject
Deep-sea Biodiversity in the Deep-sea Biodiversity in the Celebes SeaCelebes Sea
Concept of the Project• Southeast Asian waters hold the richest
shallow water biodiversity in the world• Indo-pacific archipelago is a cradle of
diversity and speciation• Compared to reefs and coastal waters,
deep basins are unexplored• Deep water is likely to be similarly rich and
endemic, with new species to be found• New technologies allow survey and study
of animals in deepest parts of the ocean
Biodiversity of reef Biodiversity of reef fishes in the Coral fishes in the Coral TriangleTriangle
Bechtel et al. 2005
Latimeria menadoensis, the Coelacanth from northern Sulawesi
International Collaboration in Exploration, Science and
Education
Scientific Goals:• Exploration and survey of deep ocean
basins, seamounts and reefs• Description and analysis of species,
behavior and ecology• Comparison of biodiversity, endemism and
community structure with other locations• Contribution to international Census of
Marine Life
Plan A: Indonesia
• July 2004: Initial contact to Indonesian authorities for clearances
• January 2005: Madin/Kristof trip to Jakarta, presentation to Ministry of Fisheries
• January-August: negotiation of MOU• August 2005: Madin trip to Jakarta; shipment
of equipment• September 2005: meetings with military
representatives• October 2005: Stonewalling by military forces
cancellation of 2005 cruise, return of equipment to WHOI, reschedule to fall 2006
Plan A drags on
• January – May 2006: continued negotiation of MOU, State Dept and Embassy involvement; initial contact in Malaysia
• June – July 2006: deadlines missed, extended, missed some more
• July 2006: final cancellation of project in Indonesia; pursue contacts in Malaysia and Philippines
Plan B: Malaysia/Philippines
• August 2006: clearance applications through State Dept for Malaysia & Philippines
• October 2006: Madin/Kristof trip to Philippines & Malaysia
• October 2006: loss of $100K funding from Conservation International
• Now: Plan for reduced operation in Celebes Sea with Philippines ship in March 2007
• STILL NOT FINAL – STAY TUNED
Education and Outreach Goals
• Collaborations with Philippines researchers and students
• High quality still and video images of marine organisms
• Online educational programs in Philippines, US and elsewhere
• Popular magazine articles and television productions for worldwide distribution
Specimens and Data• Holotypes and voucher specimens deposited
in host country• Other specimens and samples deposited in US
• Academic collections• Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology• Smithsonian Institution
• Taxonomic, distributional and environmental data in Philippines and US academic databases
• Census of Marine Life
• Census of Marine Zooplankton
Principal Investigators
Bruce Robison
Senior Scientist
MBARI
Greg Stone
VP Global Programs
New England Aquarium
Larry Madin
Director of Research
WHOI
Bill Hamner
Professor
UCLA
Emory Kristof
Sr. Photographer
National Geographic
Why Explore the Deep Sea?
• The deep ocean is the largest living space on Earth
• It’s properties are radically different from shallow ocean environments
• Some of the oldest life forms live in the deep sea
• Less than 1% of its volume has been explored
• There is a high probability of discovering new species and new biological phenomena
Regions of Exploration
Global Explorer ROV
• Highly maneuverable
• 3,000 m depth capability
• High Definition Video
• Suction samplers for organisms
• Portable for use on any ship
MOCNESS Midwater Trawl
• Standard sampling system for macroplankton and fish
• 10 m2 trawl net• 6 nets for
depth-stratified samples
• Monitors temperature, salinity, depth and oxygen
Rope Cam Baited Cameras
• Video camera and light package with bait
• Set as deep as 3,000 m
• Developed at NGS for deep-water sharks
• Provide images of undisturbed animals
Blue-water SCUBA Diving
• Allows collection of fragile animals
• Observations of undisturbed behavior
• Used in top 30 m • In-situ
photographs and video
• Pioneered by Hamner, Robison and Madin
Proposed Research Vessel “Ventura”
• Deck space for ROV operations• Variable pitch single screw and
bow thruster• Winch for deep-sea trawling to
1500 meters• Berths for science party of 20• Diving support• Adequate laboratory space
Current Cruise Plan
• Late February to Mid March, 2007• 14 days station time at Celebes Sea
deep sites• Start/end at Subic Bay or Davao• 15 US participants + 5 Filipino• Emphasis on ROV operations, trawling,
Rope-Cams• Zooplankton data to CMARZ• Currently no support for post-cruise
analysis
Popular Press and Television
• National Geographic Magazine in US and international issues
• Television programs for US, Asian and other markets via NGS, PBS, other
• Possible book
Results and Benefits
• New discoveries of rich marine life in Philippines waters
• New data on biodiversity, evolution and ecology of deep-sea animals
• Comparative studies with shallow water and other ocean regions
• Public awareness of the adventure, mystery and beauty of the deep-sea
• Opportunities for new Philippines-US collaborations in research and education
Next Steps
• Identify Philippines scientific partners• Obtain research permits and clearances• Determine final dates and itinerary for
cruise• Arrange charter of research vessel• Arrange shipping and customs clearance
of expedition equipment• Plan media coverage in Philippines and
US