Innovating in European Civil Security

Current trends, applications and the role of communications systems

Dimitris Vassiliadis

Head, EXUS Innovation

CCSR, 26 May 2015

Outline

Introduction to EXUS Innovation

Civil security in Europe

Innovative civil security applications

• Critical Infrastructure Protection

• Response operations management

• Crowd evacuation

The role of communication systems

• Challenges to overcome

• Next generation PPDR Telecommunications Systems

Conclusions

CCSR, 26 May 2015

Who we are

Software house established in 1989

Enterprise software for banking, telecoms, hospitality

130+ people

Vision transform the costly and complex enterprise software industry – making it simple, accessible and exciting

CCSR, 26 May 2015

Innovation at EXUS

Continuous improvement

4 Islands of Excellence

Provide new paths for product and business

development

Security

ICT

4

Health

Creativity

&

Learning

Data Technologies

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Security research

Co-funded projects by the European Commission

8 On-going projects

4 Successfully completed

A wide spectrum of civil security activities

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Innovation and the European Civil Security Agenda

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Civil Security in Europe

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Highly fragmented market

Mostly “market-push” approach led by large industry

and small players on national/local levels

Lack of interoperability across countries and regions

Difficult to coordinate at national/transnational levels

Need to safeguard Europe against emerging

security threats

Increase resilience of society and infrastructure

Long term foresight

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PASR (2005-2006)

ESRAB (key output 2007)

ESRIF (key output 2009)

EPCIP (key output 2009)

ESRIA (in execution until 2020)

FP7 Security Research Theme (~ 1bn Euros)

H2020 Secure Societies (~3bn Euros)

ESRIF and ESRIA

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Managed by the EC and the 27 member states

65 members from 32 countries

Industry

Public and private end-users

Research organizations and universities

NGOs and EU bodies

Supported by more than 600 experts

Largest initiative of its kind in Europe

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Focus areas - 1

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Securing people

Civil preparedness

Crisis management

Explosives

Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear

New technologies, new threats (e.g. cybersecurity)

Border security

Focus areas - 2

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Identity management and security

Security of critical infrastructure

Securing natural resources

Energy

Transport

Evidence and forensics

Leverage advances in:

ICT

Space

Focus areas - 3

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Engage stakeholders

Governance at EU level (standards)

Coordinated approach (common rules/procedures)

Protection of privacy of citizens

Integration of security and societal dynamics

Security-by-design approach

Future-proof roadmap considering global drivers

Paramount societal value

Important cost driver Goals: > Enhance the security of citizens > Safeguard Europe’s Cis and resources Facts:

> Operations and procedures are data-centric

> “Need to know” Who, What, When, Where

> Public Protection and Disaster Relief operations become data-intensive

> Diverse sources of information

CCSR, 26 May 2015

Trying to grasp what is going on

Common Operational Picture

Legacy Infrastructure

Datasets: monitoring systems,

CCTV, Hyper-spectral, Wireless

Sensors, Simulators

Adhoc Systems

Datasets: Satellite imagery,

positioning, UAVs, UGVs

Wearable/Portable

Datasets: First responder

operation, police forces,

medical crews

Crowd-sourced content

Datasets: Free text, pictures,

sounds, videos, location

Big

Data

VE

LO

CIT

Y V

AR

IET

Y

VOLUME

VERACITY

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Innovative Security Applications

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Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP)

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Critical Infrastructure Protection

Physical and information technology facilities, networks, services and assets that if disrupted or destroyed, would have a serious impact on the health, safety, security or economic well-being of citizens or the effective functioning of governments in EU countries.

Water

Gas/Oil

Banks

Telecoms

Transport

Energy

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Where is the challenge?

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Type of Widezones

Length in Kilometers (EU-27)

Gas Pipelines Transmission Distribution

250,942

1,779,116 Oil & Petroleum

36,275

Water

4,856,000

Highways (TEN-T)

85,000

Rail tracks (TEN-T)

20,000 (forecast by 2020)

Extensions of infrastructure that is critical for the

support of the citizens’ daily activities and their normal

operation impacts directly the security and safety of

civilians.

Current Shortcomings

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Shortcomings in a total security approach become

apparent when considering:

Costs for the surveillance of large areas

Complexity and diversity of the employed systems

Systems’ efficiency, robustness and resilience

Accuracy to timely detect illicit activity patterns

Difficulty to coordinate surveillance and monitoring

activities at national and transnational levels

Compliance with EU policies and societal values

with respect to privacy protection.

Highways, Gas/Water pipes and more

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Widezones protection

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Subsystems - 1

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Software defined MIMO Radar

Optical Technology for

Illicit Activity and Early

Threat Detection

(iDAS)

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Subsystems - 2

Illicit Activity

Detection and Early

Identification of

Potential Threats

using Imaging

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

(Multi-rotor mini-UAV)

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Subsystems - 3

intelligent Operations Centre - Common Operational

Picture - Adaptive User Interfaces

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How will this work?

Large Scale, Uniform and Secure Communications

Wired Sensors: reliable, robust and appropriate in

surveillance scenarios

Wireless Sensors: Different sensor networks

using Zigbee, Bluetooth, RF, 802.11

Cellular and Satellite Networks for connecting

with system nodes over large distances

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Complex Response Operations Management

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First Response

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Low activity periods followed by intense operations

governed by high uncertainty

Efficient crisis management is extremely dependent

on accurate and timely information management

Need for real-time data-centric technologies to

provide actionable information and communication

support to FRs

Synchronization among FRs (police, rescue and/or

firefighters) and command and control centers

(C&C)

A real-time FR management platform Improvement of control and coordination, Synchronization between

field units and command and control centers Identification, prioritization & connection of different levels & disciplines

Civil Protection Forum

First Responder Unit Smart jacket / Physio & Environmental sensors

Communication systems & applications

Positioning systems

Mobile EOC Response coordination

Communication

interoperability

Field base of operations

Data fusion (replica)

GIS (replica)

Emergency

Operational Center

Response planning,

strategic view

Communications

Data fusion

GIS

Data bases

E-SPONDER portal

3 levels of operations

Strategic Tactical

Operational

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The MEOC

Provincial Government Response Coordination

Municipal and National Support

Communications Interoperability BT, Wi-Fi, 3G/UMTS, WiMAX, WSN, WPAN,VHF, UHF, Tetra, Satellite

In situ Base of Operations

Manage locally dispersed first

response resources

Incident Monitoring and Reporting

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First Responder Unit

Set of physiological & environmental sensors for real-time FR safety monitoring

Embedded in undergarment Adapted to the outer garment (jacket) “Wearable computer” Dedicated functionalities FR & FR chief Group communication

Wi-Fi WiMAX 3G/4G

Precise positioning (GPS/LPS) Alerting & messages Emergency geolocalization

Example work

3 Large scale field trials took place in the framework of FP-7 E-SPONDER

Videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eo6WcUdgNPA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lb13LXIwBaM E:\UoS_CCSR_26May2015

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Large-scale crowd evacuation management

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Evacuation from confined spaces

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Enhance the effectiveness of complex evacuation

operations at any type of venue or infrastructure, e.g.

Metro stations, Cruise ships, Football stadia

Airports etc.

Dynamically adapt evacuation plan to the crisis current

conditions, while evacuation evolves.

Support civil protection authorities

Identify, Designate and Sustain a dynamic

Active Evacuation Route (AER)

ultimately saving the lives of those being evacuated

Crowd behaviour monitoring

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Smart Spaces

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Active Exit Signage

Wire (less) Sensor Networks

Mobile Phones

Security Cameras

Civilians/ Crowd

Civilians + Mobile Phone

First RespondersStewards

Roaming of Entities

Aggregation of Smart Spaces

Social Networks

First Response

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Envisaged Modules

Connectivity Interoperability Storage Security Network

Monitoring Data

Processing

Emergency Center

Communications

Inherent Complexity

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Next-generation evacuations

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The role of communication systems in PPDR applications

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Identified communication needs - 1

5 distinct communication requirements:

Voice

Narrow Band Data (e.g. for messaging)

Broad Band Data (e.g. images or large files)

Video

Use of repeater stations to extend coverage or

provide air-to-ground communication

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Identified communication needs - 2

Video and Image transmission identified as important in various scenarios

Surveillance

Maintaining public order / safety at large events

Assisting treatment of casualties

Identification of suspects or vehicles

Situational awareness (e.g. during rioting or high speed pursuits)

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High level scenarios

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Between a Central Control Station and Field Personnel at an

Incident

Between PPDR Vehicles and an Incident Location or Control

Station

Between Individuals at an Incident

Between Different PPDR Entities (e.g. Police, Fire, Ambulance,

Volunteers)

Accessing External Data Sources (e.g. Internet)

Communication in Enclosed Spaces (e.g. Tunnels Or

Basements)

Communication With Remote Locations (e.g. Mountains or at

Sea)

Communication with or between Machines (e.g. Remotely

Controlled Vehicles)

PPDR Telecomms

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18 PPDR network

solutions have been

analysed according to:

Relevant players in the

development and adoption

Standards development

Technical details

Requirements

Strengths and weaknesses

for PPDR applications

Category Network solution

Current PPDR

technologies

TETRA Release 1

TETRA Release 2

TETRAPOL

Analogue PMR

Digital PMR

DMR

SATCOM

Public networks

CDMA2000

GSM

GPRS/EDGE

UMTS

HSPA/HSPA+

Candidate

technologies for

future PPDR

applications

LTE (public/dedicated)

Wi-Fi (public/dedicated)

WiMAX

MANETs

Transversal

communication

concepts

Software-Defined Radio

Cognitive Radio

Technology gaps

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PPDR-TC Network

Requirements

TETRA

Release 1

TETRA

Release 2TETRAPOL

Analog.

PMR

Digital

PMRDMR SATCOM CDMA 2000 GSM GPRS/EDGE UMTS

HSPA/

HSPA+LTE Wi-Fi WiMAX MANETs

UsersFully

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bandwidth

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reliability and resilience

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SecurityFully

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Current EU PPDR Spectrum

CCSR, 26 May 2015

Only fully harmonised band is 380-400 MHz – only half of this is

available (2x5 MHz) and is used mainly by TETRA/TETRAPOL

Some specific frequencies in this band set aside for DMO and A2G

Many countries still have analog systems operating in a variety of

VHF and UHF bands (68 – 470 MHz)

Some countries already have specific bands identified for

broadband PPDR (e.g. video links) – main bands are 2.3 GHz and

3.5 GHz but precise frequencies vary

CEPT has attempted to harmonise spectrum around 5 GHz (4940-

4990 MHz and 5150-5250 MHz) for local area broadband PPDR,

but few countries have taken this up

Existing international bands used for satellite and fixed links

(generally shared with other users)

PPDR Spectrum needs - 1

CCSR, 26 May 2015

Wide area voice and messaging, e.g. TETRA

Wide area broadband, e.g. video

Local area communication, including:

Extending coverage of wide area networks

Direct communication between terminals

Ad-hoc local area networks

Air to ground communications (A2G), e.g. helicopters

Satellite communications, e.g. for remote areas and

disaster recovery

Fixed links, e.g. network backhaul or temporary links

PPDR Spectrum needs - 2

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Growing global consensus that additional spectrum is required for

BB PPDR (already implemented in some countries outside EU)

Should comprise low frequency (<1 GHz) for WAN and higher (e.g.

4940-4990 MHz) for WLANs

700 MHz strongly favoured for BB WAN – ECC PT49 has proposed

2x5 MHz dedicated band plus additional from adjacent mobile band

where needed

Also need spectrum for specialist apps like DMO and A2G

700 MHz centre gap / 2.3 GHz / 3.5 GHz?

BB LANs should use existing allocations around 5 GHz

Other potential bands of interest include

3G unpaired bands (1900-1920/2010-2025 MHz)

3G satellite bands (1980-2010/2170-2200 MHz)

Will still need 400 MHz for narrow band for some time

PPDR-TC Final End Users Workshop

18th of June 2015, in London

Venue: Academy of Medical Sciences at 41, Portland Place, London W1B 1QH

PPDR operational scenarios and communication requirements

Shortcomings of current PPDR communications and how new technology can help

Radio spectrum requirements for PPDR communication services

Modelling the economics of PPDR networks and recommendations to stakeholders

CCSR, 26 May 2015

Dimitris Vassiliadis dvas@exus.co.uk