Innovation Systems and Development Strategies Thomas Andersson Santiago, Chile 13 May 2004
Transcript
Slide 1
Innovation Systems and Development Strategies Thomas Andersson
Santiago, Chile 13 May 2004
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IKED IKED addresses the emerging issues of the knowledge-based
economy (KBE), with a holistic view and a cross-sectional approach
Bridges between research/analysis and policy-making Has a Nordic
base, leveraging the Nordic regions strength in KBE as well as the
Nordic need of learning from others to confront current challenges
Has a global reach working with countries and institutions, aiming
for concrete reforms Has partners/clients ranging from the most
advanced to transition and least developed economies Collaborates
with and includes all key stakeholders, including the private
sector and consumer side, in its activities/projects in order to
promote contructive dialogue and concrete results
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IKED Integrated Approach Integrity and internal analysis
Networks between government, business and experts Direct
involvement in key reform processes Policy fora with continuous
exchange and international impetus
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Flagship Publications 2004 ASEM Proceedings: Globalisation and
ICT: The Role of Government, Private Sector and Civil Society in an
Information Society for All World Competitiveness Proceedings:
Innovative Clusters A New Challenge Towards a New Growth and
Innovation Policy in Norway Towards Effective Policies for
Innovation and Enterprise in the Baltic Sea Region Handbook for
Evaluation of Innovation Policy Flagship Conferences
organized/co-organized by IKED 2003-2004 Future Nordic Welfare
Society (Stockholm, February 5, 2003) An Information Society for
All, ASEM (Malm, March 10-12, 2003) The Competitiveness Institute
(Gothenburg, September 15-17, 2003) Baltic Development Forum (Riga,
October 5-7, 2003) World Knowledge Forum (Soeul, October 15-17,
2003) Virtual Opportunity Congress (Sydney, December 16-17, 2003)
INSME Roundtable (Malm/Helsingborg, February 25-27, 2004) Measuring
and Analysing Digital Divides (Beijing, March 24-26, 2004) Welfare
policies in the Era of Globalisation (Havana, April 26-29,
2004)
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Source: UNCTAD, World Investment Report 2002. Manufactured
exports share in world exports by technology groupings
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Source: ITU (2002). The Digital Divide and ICT
Infrastructure
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IKEDIKED 2004 Broadening basis for growth Room for higher
productivity - R&D and ICT can generate higher labor
productivity and TFP - Synergy effects/enabling conditions -
Favorable cross-border resource flows - Using time better: hours
worked, life-long health - Encompassing SMEs - Regional and
sectoral broadening - Untapped potential population groups:
immigrants, women, minorities -
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Supply: Science, R&D Demand: Market Ideas technologies
Innovations Scientists Clients Contractors Competitors INNOVATION
SPIRAL Increased potential both directions through ICT
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Improving exchange mechanisms among actors Universities Society
Individuals Companies Reward Building new companies Skills
Competitive intelligence Product development Entrepreneurship
Environmental sustainability ICT-infrastructure Career Conditions
for competition University/ Private sector cooperation Labour
markets Education Social capital Applied research IPR Tax systems
Venture capital Financial markets Demand for knowledge
Strengthening framework conditions to support innovation processes
Innovations, Commers- ialisation Growth and welfare Actors
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SWEDEN FINLAND USA JAPAN SWITZERLAND WORLD FINLAND US SWEDEN
CANADA KOREA DENMARK SINGAPORE AUSTRALIA KOREA NETHERLANDS ICT
Weighted country positions Innovation Tentative, based on
international estimates
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Investment in knowledge assets, % GDP 2000 0 2 4 6 8
MexicoGreecePortugalItaly Spain Hungary Ireland Czech
RepublicAustria EU Belgium AustraliaUnited KingdomNorwayFrance
Germany Netherlands Denmark OECD JapanCanada Switzerland
FinlandKorea United StatesSweden % R&DSoftwareHigher Education
IKEDIKED 2004
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Government role in R&D varies considerably across
countries, % of GDP 2000 IKEDIKED 2004
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Selected variables Innovation System
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Barriers to entrepreneurship Source: OECD IKEDIKED 2004
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GDP-growth and entrepreneurship U.S. U.K. Switzerland Sweden
Spain Portugal Norway Netherlands Luxembourg Japan Italy Ireland
Iceland Greece Germany France Finland Belgium Denmark Austria 0 1 2
3 4 5 6 7 456789101112131415 Start-up Rates, 1988-96 GDP Growth,
1989-99 Source: OECD Source: OECD, 2001
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Application of Rule of Law Varies by Region (based on
aggregation of surveys/polls 1997-99*) OECDEast Asia Middle East
South Asia Eastern Europe Latin America Sub- Saharan Africa Former
Soviet Union High Index of Rule of Law Appli- cation Low Index
Source: Kaufmann, Kraay and Zoido-Lobaton (1999). "Aggregating
Governance Indicators" and "Governance Matters" PWRP 2195 and 2196.
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance
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Patents invented in collaboration with foreign inventors (%)
Share of scientific publications with a foreign co-author (%) 0 5
10 15 20 25 30 Japan EU Italy Germany United States France OECD
United Kingdom Canada 1985-87 1993-95 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Japan EU United States OECD United Kingdom Canada Germany France
Italy 1981 1995-97 International co-operation in S&T IKEDIKED
2004
Challenges for National FDI Policies Maximizing benefits of FDI
Minimizing negative effects of FDI Attracting FDI Development
objectives
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Coordination to put in place comprehensive innovation policy
Appropriate mechanisms for public funding of R&D
Science-industry interplay: incentives for university and
scientists to work with industry, upgrading science parks and
incubators Reforms to strengthen conditions for provision of
micro-funding and better functioning venture capital markets
Valuing knowledge, competence upgrading in SMEs, enabling meeting
specific needs through internal upskilling or strengthened
networking with regard to external competence Plugging into global
knowledge networks while underpinning traditional skills through
institutional support Intensifying policy challenges
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Scientists Innovation Policy Positioning: Traditional Research
Education Industry Finance Trade Etc. Labour Unions Firms NGOs
Environment I.P.
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Scientists Innovation Policy Positioning: Implicit Research
Education Industry Finance Trade Etc. Labour Unions Firms NGOs
Environment
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Scientists Research Education Industry Finance Trade Etc.
Labour Unions Firms NGOs Environment Innovation Policy: Explicit
positioning I. P.
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Scientists Research Education Industry Finance Trade Etc.
Labour Unions Firms NGOs Environment Innovation Policy: Explicit
Positioning I. P.
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Inward FDI stock, 2002 Note: The size of the region/country's
box reflects the size of the FDI stock. Source: UNCTAD