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Robert Solow, Nobel Prize Winner Economics
Long run growth in GDP is not so much due to capital investment as due to Technological progress
Innovation leading to increased productivity is the fundamental source of increasing wealth in an economy.
Source: Wikepedia
Technological Progress and Innovation
Goal of innovation is make something new or do something better
Innovation is the process of enabling effective and efficient solutions to meet people’s needs
Innovation begins in the lab and ends at the hands of the customer
Innovation involves both R and D
Why R in Industry? Technology growth key to social development
Technology growth drives economic growth
Technology inventions central to quality of life
No technology was invented accidentally
No technology was developed overnight
Perfecting the technology requires decades of investment
Only industry can take ideas to completion
Microsoft’s Approach to Innovation Innovation in and through our products
Microsoft Research
Ecosystem support of partner innovation
R in support of D in Microsoft Every product group innovates during the course of the
product development
Innovations include: New designs, architectures, frameworks
Platform for software development
Features in specific products
Business innovations
8
MSR Mission Statement Expand the state of the art in each of the areas in which we
do research
Rapidly transfer innovative technologies into Microsoft products
Ensure that Microsoft products have a future
Microsoft Research Established 1991
~1000 full-time staff
Over 60 computer-science research areas represented
Contributions to products at Microsoft
Inventing the future
Microsoft Research locations :
Redmond, Washington, USA(Sep, 1991)
Cambridge, United Kingdom(July, 1997)
Beijing, China(Nov, 1998)
Silicon Valley, California (July, 2001)
Bangalore, India (Jan, 2005)
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
(July, 2008)
11
Technology Transfer Impact Critical support technologies.
Opt. Technology enabled sim-ship of Win95/Office95.
Automated bug detection in Windows 2000.
Almost every aspect of Windows 7
Key technologies that drive products. E.G., MS audio 4.0, ClearType, collaborative filtering, intelligent search, etc.
Bing is continually evolving through research collaboration
Incubated major products. Windows streaming media.
Windows CE, eBook.
Ecommerce, Datamining.
TabletPC
Surface
Speech processing
Why did we come to India Strong engineering education, talent pool
Growing economy and aspirations for R&D and innovation
Interesting research topics stimulated by the socio-economic-cultural environment
Microsoft Research India
The First Five Years
P. Anandan
Distinguished Scientist
& Managing Director
MSR India
People & Place Full-time staff total: 56
Technical staff: 48 34 with PhD (69%)
Total interns (5 years): ~430 Indian universities: 60%
Foreign universities: 40%
PhD candidates: 43%
Bachelors/Masters: 57%
Universities include… IISc, IITs, BITS, DAIICT, IIITs, MIT, CMU, UC
Berkeley, UW, Yale, Cambridge, Chicago, Bristol, National University of Singapore, Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Oxford, Georgia Institute of Technology, Princeton, New York University, University of Maryland, McGill University, U. Cape Town, UC Santa Barbara, U Michigan
Research Groups Algorithms and Search
Cryptography, Security, and Applied Mathematics
Mobility, Networks, and Systems
Multilingual Systems
Rigorous Software Engineering
Technology for Emerging Markets
Vision, Graphics, and Visualization
Publications
Award winning research
ACM Eugene Lawler Award (Digital Study Hall)
Best-paper awards in
FSE
ICTD
COMSNETS
• TED Award
• First place in FIRE (Forum for Information Retrieval Evaluation) 2009
• Joint winner in PASCAL VOC Object Detection Challenge 2009
2005 2006 2007 2008 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
5
23
41
61
86
Paper count
Papers per year!
Technology Transfers from MSRI in 2009
System Security tools for diagnosing vulnerability to attacks
Developer support tools to improve programmer productivity:
Program verification, debugging
Networking and cloud efficient compression while protecting privacy for data transfers from data
centers to clients
Search Robust location of addresses in BING Maps
Machine translation Community creation of multilingual content
Multi-Mouse for Education
Problem: PCs in emerging-market schools are used in a one-to-many fashion.
Solution: Multiply the value of PCs by allowing multiple USB mice to be plugged into a PC, with each mouse having a cursor on-screen with a different color.
Children grasp the concept immediately and show greater engagement.
Deployed and distributed by Microsoft product teams
Before
After
Digital Green
Problem: Agriculture extension (transfer of expert knowledge to farmers) is slow and difficult
Solution: Locally recorded videos of good farming practices and ad hoc screenings in villages
Stockholm Challenge Award 2008
Spun off as an independent non-profit organization
Aiming to impact ~400,000 households in 3 years
Digital Green video screening in rural Karnataka
Work by Rikin Gandhi, Rajesh Veeraraghavan, Vanaja Ramprasad, Randy Wang, Kentaro Toyama
Robust Location Search
Goal Find regions on Earth that “best
match” freeform textual input
Examples 2nd main, 10th cross, Indira Nagar 1st
stage, near RTO office Bangalore 560038
... in Madrid, somewhere near calle de arroyofresno and avenida de la llustracion
#67, वि�द्या� अपा�र्ट�मन्र्ट�स, फॆ� स-3, डे�ली� के� न्र्ट�न्मन्र्ट
Now Deployed in BING MAPS in several countries, including parts of India
Spatial
Data Repo
si-tory
Search Engine
Region
Index
Fuzzy Text
Index
Debug Advisor
Allow user to search diverse repositories using a “fat query” Fat query allows user to simply
concatenate all the context for the current bug
Match fat query with all historical data from repositories
Deployed and actively used by various MS product development teams
Has this bug or a similar bug already been fixed or studied somewhere else?
What is already known about this kind of bug?
Where should I start?
Who would be able to help?
External Research
Strengthen CS Research Ecosystem• Capacity
Building• Communitywi
de Research Initiatives
Partner with Academia, Industry and Government
Address Societal Challenges• Community
Engagement• Social
Responsibility
Empower with Technologies • Help advance
research process
• Innovation
• Microsoft is the second highest R&D investor in the world: Euro 6.48B(Toyota is number 1)
• Microsoft has been in the top 3 for several years, was number 1 last year (Euro 5.58B)
• No Indian company in Top 50(surprised?)
Other Indian companies include: Polaris, Prithvi, Mindtree, Reliance, Ranbaxy, Infosys, BHEL, HCL, etc.
The Developed World Over 15,000 corporate labs in the US
Employ over 750,000 scientists and engineers 70% of the total number of such professionals
Total R&D investment USD 150B
Industry funds over 65% R&D conducted in US
Ctsy: “Engines of Tomorrow” – Bob Buderi
India Today Booming economy
Growing consumer sector
Large skilled labor population
Rich investors
Many Indian companies in Fortune 500
The place to be!
Challenges Not enough R&D, mostly service sector work
Very little basic research
Changing values, easy job opportunities, easy money, changing lifestyles
Corruption still endemic
39
Indian Economy at a Glance
The Indian economy has experienced rapid growth buoyed by a shift from an agriculture to a services-led economy Source - NASSCOM
India
Developing World Average
Developed World Average
Real GDP growthPercentage, 1991-2007
Changing Composition of India’s GDP
Source: Usda.gov Source: RBI
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
FY80 FY90 FY02 FY08
Agriculture Industry Services
18%
19%
63%
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STATISTICS AT A
GLANCE: 2007-08 MAJOR HIGHLIGHTS
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MINISTRY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Govt.of India, Technology Bhawan, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi-110016, (INDIA)
OCTOBER, 2008
Next few slides from:
Priorities Rapid upgrading of the college education system
Increase number of qualified college professors Make academic careers rewarding
Make research a requirement
Get the industry into the R&D game
Convince parents to encourage children to go into research