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Wiki Use In EducationWiki Use In Education
By Dona Sisk By Dona Sisk EDUC 8841EDUC 8841Dr. Foley Dr. Foley
Walden UniversityWalden UniversitySpring 2010 Spring 2010
California State Board of Education California State Board of Education
Vision StatementVision Statement
““All California students of the 21st century will All California students of the 21st century will attain the highest level of academic knowledge, attain the highest level of academic knowledge, applied learning and performance skills to ensure applied learning and performance skills to ensure fulfilling personal lives and careers and fulfilling personal lives and careers and contribute to civic and economic progress in our contribute to civic and economic progress in our diverse and changing democratic society”diverse and changing democratic society”
What Does This Mean To Education?What Does This Mean To Education?
− writing skillswriting skills− communication and communication and
collaboration skillscollaboration skills− critical thinking critical thinking
skills skills − technology skillstechnology skills
Students need to gain the necessary skills Students need to gain the necessary skills to be successful in society such as:to be successful in society such as:
WikiWiki
Developed 1994 Developed 1994
Launched in 1995 on c2.com Launched in 1995 on c2.com
Creator Ward Cunningham Creator Ward Cunningham
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#Early_wiki_websites_for_software_development
Wiki PurposeWiki Purpose
Make exchange between Make exchange between programmers easierprogrammers easier
Quickly editable by users Quickly editable by users Forum where people share Forum where people share
ideas ideas
““My specific purpose for the first wiki was to create an My specific purpose for the first wiki was to create an environment where we might link together each other's environment where we might link together each other's experience to discover the pattern language of programming” experience to discover the pattern language of programming”
~ Ward Cunningham (October 20, 2003)~ Ward Cunningham (October 20, 2003)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#Early_wiki_websites_for_software_development
Original concerns with WikisOriginal concerns with Wikis
Loss of information from Loss of information from
updatesupdates
Loss of information due to Loss of information due to
unauthorized usersunauthorized users
Loss of organization of Loss of organization of information as number of information as number of
updates increaseupdates increase
Responses to ConcernsResponses to Concerns
People Index 1995People Index 1995
Edit Copy 1996 Edit Copy 1996
(later became Page (later became Page History in 2002)History in 2002)
Wiki Categories 1996 Wiki Categories 1996
Road Maps 1997Road Maps 1997
Early Wiki UsesEarly Wiki Uses
Project communicationProject communication IntranetsIntranets Documentation Documentation Technical usersTechnical users
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki
Why WikisWhy Wikis
Peer-to-peer collaborationPeer-to-peer collaboration Project-oriented learning Project-oriented learning Connection to community Connection to community More meaningful learningMore meaningful learning
“Today's digital natives (our students) expect to communicate, learn and explore their world using technology 24/7. To keep up with them, to meet their learning preferences and to engage them in the learning process, we need to make schools relevant to them. We cannot do that without keeping up with technology and Web 2.0.” – A Curriculum Director in New York
Leadership for Web 2.0 in Education: Promise and Reality (2009)http://www.cosn.org/Portals/7/docs/Web%202.0/CoSN%20Report%20042809Final%20w-cover.pdf
Impact on Students’ EducationImpact on Students’ Education
Leadership for Web 2.0 in Education: Promise and Reality (2009)http://www.cosn.org/Portals/7/docs/Web%202.0/CoSN%20Report%20042809Final%20w-cover.pdf
Functionality in the ClassroomFunctionality in the Classroom
Familiarity with Familiarity with technology technology
Interest in utilizing Interest in utilizing technology technology
Develop skills needed for Develop skills needed for online collaborationonline collaboration
effective tools for learning and teaching as they facilitate collaborative learning, provide collaborative writing, support project based learning, promote creativity, encourage critical searching, support inquiry based and social constructivist learning (Cress&Kimmerle, 2008)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/g509739lp56gk040/fulltext.pdf
Additional research shows…Additional research shows…
One of most important ways of obtaining effective One of most important ways of obtaining effective outcomes with technologies is individuals’ acceptance outcomes with technologies is individuals’ acceptance and usage of technology (Usluel & Mazman, 2009) and usage of technology (Usluel & Mazman, 2009)
http://www.insanbilimleri.com/en http://www.insanbilimleri.com/en
easy course administration and scheduling, easy online updating content, student feedback and self assessment, bibliographically organized class or group projects, online collaboration for classroom or students (Zeinstejer, 2008)
http://tesl-ej.org/ej44/m1.pdf
Barriers in the classroomBarriers in the classroom
Teacher uncertainty Teacher uncertainty
Student uncertaintyStudent uncertainty
Training time and Training time and effort effort
Psychology of online Psychology of online behaviorbehavior
S Curve of Innovation Adoption S Curve of Innovation Adoption for Wikisfor Wikis
Formal Influence on DecisionsFormal Influence on Decisions
Leadership for Web 2.0 in Education: Promise and Reality (2009)http://www.cosn.org/Portals/7/docs/Web%202.0/CoSN%20Report%20042809Final%20w-cover.pdf
Innovators and Early AdoptersInnovators and Early Adopters
Technology teachers Technology teachers
New younger teachersNew younger teachers
Curriculum developers Curriculum developers
Technology savvy Technology savvy studentsstudents
Strategies for Adoption of WikisStrategies for Adoption of Wikisfor Innovators and Early adoptersfor Innovators and Early adopters
Adequate training and Adequate training and supportsupport
Connection to standards Connection to standards
Research data to support Research data to support learning benefitlearning benefit
Late Adopters and LaggardsLate Adopters and Laggards
Older established Older established teachers teachers
Teachers uncomfortable Teachers uncomfortable with technologywith technology
Students uncomfortable Students uncomfortable with technologywith technology
Administrators hesitant of Administrators hesitant of change change
Strategies for Adoption of WikisStrategies for Adoption of Wikisfor Late Adopters and Laggardsfor Late Adopters and Laggards
Mentor assignment Mentor assignment
Adequate training and Adequate training and support support
Adequate time to Adequate time to develop skillsdevelop skills
Curriculum and Curriculum and activities developmentactivities development
Attributes for Reaching Attributes for Reaching Critical Mass for Wikis in EducationCritical Mass for Wikis in Education
Relative AdvantageRelative Advantage
Complexity Complexity
Trialability Trialability
Relative AdvantageRelative Advantage
Supports Writing Supports Writing Standards Standards
Supports Multiple Supports Multiple Learning Modes Learning Modes
Supports Multiple Supports Multiple Learning Learning PerspectivesPerspectives
Complexity Complexity
Relatively Short Relatively Short Learning Process Learning Process
Easy to use and Easy to use and modify modify
Integration can be Integration can be scaledscaled
TrialabilityTrialability
Integration can be limited at first Integration can be limited at first
Early adopters can be mentors for Early adopters can be mentors for later adopters later adopters
Adaptability to individual Adaptability to individual academicsacademics
Centralized or Decentralized Approach Centralized or Decentralized Approach
for Adoption of Innovationfor Adoption of Innovation
Centralized approach targeting Centralized approach targeting directors directors
Centralized approach targeting Centralized approach targeting department chairs department chairs
Decentralized approach targeting Decentralized approach targeting teachers teachers
Key Change AgentsKey Change Agents
Technology Technology Educational Educational OrganizationsOrganizations
Directors Directors
Department Chairs Department Chairs
Innovative teachersInnovative teachers
Change Agents RolesChange Agents Roles
Establish informational Establish informational exchange networks exchange networks
Influence behavior Influence behavior change change
Reinforce behavioral Reinforce behavioral changechange
Establish process for Establish process for problem resolutionproblem resolution
Innovation Critical MassInnovation Critical Mass
Critical mass attained Critical mass attained in private and in private and business domains business domains
Introduce innovation Introduce innovation to department chairs to department chairs
Introduce innovation Introduce innovation to science and to science and technology groupstechnology groups
Role of ChampionRole of Champion
Recognize the need for improvement and Recognize the need for improvement and communicate those needs such as:communicate those needs such as:
- improve writing skills- improve writing skills
- improve collaboration skills - improve collaboration skills
- improve critical thinking skills- improve critical thinking skills
- improve technology skills- improve technology skills
Role of Champion Role of Champion
Identify and communicate how the use of Identify and communicate how the use of wikis meet those needs such as:wikis meet those needs such as:
-provides opportunity for writing -provides opportunity for writing -provides opportunity for collaboration -provides opportunity for collaboration -provides opportunity for critical -provides opportunity for critical
thinkingthinking while increasing technology skillswhile increasing technology skills
Remember…Remember…
academic knowledge academic knowledge
applied learning applied learning
performance skillsperformance skills
Goal of Education:Goal of Education:
References References
California State Board of Education. (2009). California State Board of Education. (2009). Vision, mission, and goals. Vision, mission, and goals. http://www.cde.ca.gov/be/ag/ag/vmgoals.asp http://www.cde.ca.gov/be/ag/ag/vmgoals.asp
Chao, J. & Parker, K. (2007). Wiki as a teaching Chao, J. & Parker, K. (2007). Wiki as a teaching tool. tool. Interdisciplinary Journal of Knowledge and Interdisciplinary Journal of Knowledge and Learning ObjectsLearning Objects, 3, 57-71. Retrieved from , 3, 57-71. Retrieved from http://ijello.org/Volume3/IJKLOv3p057-072Parkehttp://ijello.org/Volume3/IJKLOv3p057-072Parker284.pdfr284.pdf
References References
COSN. (2009). Leadership for web 2.0 in COSN. (2009). Leadership for web 2.0 in education:Promise & reality. education:Promise & reality. http://www.cosn.org/Portals/7/docs/Webhttp://www.cosn.org/Portals/7/docs/Web%202.0/CoSN%20Report%20042809Final%202.0/CoSN%20Report%20042809Final%20w-cover.pdf %20w-cover.pdf
Cress, U., & Kimmerle, J. (2008). A systemic Cress, U., & Kimmerle, J. (2008). A systemic and cognitive view on collaborative knowledge and cognitive view on collaborative knowledge building with wikis. building with wikis. Computer-Supported Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 3Collaborative Learning, 3, 105-122. , 105-122.
ReferencesReferences
Rogers, E. (2003) Rogers, E. (2003) Diffusion of innovationsDiffusion of innovations (5th ed.)(5th ed.). New York: Free Press.. New York: Free Press.
Usluel, Y. & Mazman, S. (2009). Adoption Usluel, Y. & Mazman, S. (2009). Adoption of Web 2.0 tools in distance education. of Web 2.0 tools in distance education. International Journalof Human SciencesInternational Journalof Human Sciences, , 6(2), 89-98. Retrieved from: 6(2), 89-98. Retrieved from: http://www.insanbilimleri.com/en http://www.insanbilimleri.com/en
ReferencesReferences
Wikipedia. (2010). Wiki. Wikipedia. (2010). Wiki. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#History http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#History
Zeinstejer, R. (2008). The Wiki Revolution: Zeinstejer, R. (2008). The Wiki Revolution: A Challenge to Traditional Education. A Challenge to Traditional Education. TESL-EJ,11TESL-EJ,11(4).(4).