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TeNeT Group at IIT Madras Driving Innovation in India towards emerging Market Ashok jhunjhunwala TeNeT Group, IIT Madras, [email protected]
TeNeT Group at IIT Madras
Driving Innovation in India towards emerging Market
Ashok jhunjhunwalaTeNeT Group, IIT Madras, [email protected]
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21.2
15.8
12.8
5.8
3.22
0.8 0.9
0
5
10
15
20
25
5 9 13 18 26 42 65 175
HH Income in thousand Rs/month
Nu
mb
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HH
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ns
India with a billion people is a large market, but60% of Urban households can spend less than Rs 200 / month on Telecom
Monthly telecom expenditure (assuming 4% income can be spent on telecom) 160 360 520 720 1000 1680 2600 7000
India needs Telecom CAPEX to go down to Rs10000 per linerequires disruptive technologies
65 million Urban homes
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TeNeT Group at IITM took up the challenge
Incubated/ supported a dozen plus product companies and worked with operators to drive down CAPEX
Midas Communications Banyan Networks NMSWorks Tejas Networks Nilgiri Networks Chennai Kavigal OOPS NeuroSynaptic Jataayu Nextge Benchmark Systems Indus technolgies Usha Communications
Capex per line down from Rs 30000 per line three years ago toRs 17000 per line
– Telecom is booming in India– India will add 150 million lines in the next 7 years as CAPEX is driven
below Rs 10000
To PSTN
To Internet
35/70 kbps Internet plus simultaneous telephone
• Rs8000 per line price
•2 million lines in 03-04
IITM - Midas
corDECT Wireless in Local Loop
Fibre in the LoopLast meters on copper
.
Fiber ring
Fiber To The Building (FTTB)
Video Server
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DIAS (DSL on copper)
Always ON Internet connection on not-so-good-quality existing copper lines
already deployed in 30 cities
HDSU
IAN
Internet
PSTN128 kbps
2 Mbps
V5.2
IP
IITM-Banyan
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Rs 50000 per Kiosk providing telephone, Internet with multi-media PC, Camera, printer, power back-up, training and support
plus Indian language and video-conferencing software
IITM - nLogue
VisionConnect (voice and Internet) Rural Areas and Small Towns all over India
Connecting Rural Areas
Vision to Double Rural per capita GDP over the next 10 years
Multi-lingual Office PackageIITM -
Chennai Kavigal
Network Management System
A must with distributed deployment of Intelligent nodes
Convergence of Telecom and Internet management
Manage traffic, subscribers, subscriber equipment and network health from management centers
Next-Generation SDH Transport
cost-effective transport network for voice as well as Internet traffic preferably on Ethernet
– Advanced software for easy management of networks and providing bandwidth-on-demand
– Advanced software features such as auto-discovery and point-and-click provisioning
Tejas Networks
IITM-NMSWorks
Video Conferencing on Internet
Low bit-rate multi-party Video Conferencing (audio + video + chat at 20 kbps onwards)
– On-line lecturing at low bit-rates– Video Mail
Tele-diagnostic kit for Rural kiosk
Low cost diagnostic kit with basic physiological and bio-chemistry measurements
– Measures Physiological Signals (Stethoscope, Blood Pressure, Temperature, ECG)
provides software for quality image sharing for skin, throat and eyes and provides routine urine and blood tests)
NeuroSynapticIITM - OOPS
Softswitch Technology
Full suite of 100% J2EE powered, Communications Convergence Infrastructure
Packet-Switching technology in Carrier Grade & Enterprise Grade
– H.323 Stack and H.323 Gatekeeper– SIP Stack and SIP Proxy
Enabling wireless Internet
SMS, MMS, WAP, SYNCSMS, MMS, WAP, SYNCand IMand IM handset softwarehandset software
WAP2 browser, MMS client, Sync client, IM Client, IOTA client
Gateways on infrastructureGateways on infrastructure SIM Platform, IM Server, OTA
provisioning server
Rural communications software developed in a rural setting
BlueBill: real-time billing for voice, Internet and applications
Minnow: ISP Data Centre on redundant Linux/PCs
Customer Care & Billing
UnicornUnicorn The Customer Care & Billing SuiteThe Customer Care & Billing Suite
MedusaMedusa The Mediation SuiteThe Mediation Suite
e-Merchante-Merchant The Mobile Commerce SuiteThe Mobile Commerce Suite
Interconnect BillingInterconnect Billing The Settlement SuiteThe Settlement Suite
Usha CommunicationsIITM-Nilgiri Networks
Educational Kits
OFT : Optical Fibre Trainer LAN-T : Local Area Network Trainer
Machine Vision Products
Indus IC Mark Inspection Indus SOIC Inspection Indus Bond Pad Digitizer Indus OCR Reader Indus Graphics LED Inspection
IITM - Indus TechnologiesIITM - Benchmark
IPD Tx Node1 Tx Node 2 Tx Node 3 Tx Node 4 G - Offered LoadX - Throughput3264 35 35 34 35 0.139 0.139816 102 103 102 102 0.427 0.409544 129 130 131 126 0.586 0.516408 135 154 133 151 0.715 0.573272 143 158 130 165 0.906 0.596163 135 161 114 156 1.128 0.566
Offered Load Vs Throughput
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X - Throughput
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HH Income in thousand Rs/month
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The Third TierRural Indian households can afford even less
75% households can spend barely Rs 120 per month on telecom
Monthly telecom expenditure (assuming 4% income can be spent on telecom)
120 360 520 720 1040 1680 2600 4480
135 million households
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The Dream
Current Rural GDP in India = Rs 650 Crore
For a Population = 65 Crore people
GDP / Person = Rs 10000
Using ICT to DOUBLING Rural GDP
Rs 20000 / Person
Rural Prosperity
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Agriculture
AnimalHusbandry
Agricultural Processing
Industry
IT-Based Services
Trade & Commerce
Rural Micro-Enterprises are the Wealth Creators
Micro-enterprises need– Finance– Knowledge and Training– Buying & Selling– Insurance
Can Communications Enable these ?
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How does one connect Rural India
India has 600,000+ villages– 650 million people
– can Rural India afford Connections?
Need– Technology– Sustainable Business Model– Organisation which can think and act Rural
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n-Logue uses innovative Technology to connect Rural India
To PSTN
To Internet
35/70 kbps Internet plus simultaneous telephone
• Rs 8000 per line price
•1 million lines in 03-04
BSNL has fibre connectivity to most Talukas – CorDECT WLL developed at IITM
provides a telephone line and Internet connection in 30 Km radius can connect 85% of Indian villages start-up costs very low
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Aggregate Demand when affordability is low
Entrepreneur-driven telephone booths (STD PCOs) introduced in 1987
night-time long distance charges reduced by a factor of 4
Today 950,000 STD PCOs covering every street of
smallest town generate 25 % of total telecom income 300 million people use these PCOs
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N-Logue : A Rural Service Provider– aggregate demand into a kiosk using
– Rs 50000 (including taxes) per Kiosk providing telephone, Internet, multimedia PC with web-camera, printer and power back-up for PC
plus Indian language software, video conferencing software, training and maintenance
– set up by a village entrepreneur on the line of STD PCOs needs only Rs 3000 per month to break even
Organisations with Innovative Business Models
n-Logue Deployment Strategy
Application & Content Providers
Telephone Backbone
Internet Backbone
Scope:•1 –3 Talukas•25 Km radius, 2000 sq
km•4 – 500 K population•2 - 5 towns•300 -400 villages
LSPBank
s
ACCESS CENTRE
500 + Connections (at least 1 in each village)
Connections:•Individuals•Government
— schools and PHCs
• Kiosks
$ 1000 / KioskKIOSK
OPERATOR BanksMicro Finance Organisations
Word-processor in Indian Languages
Multi-lingual Office PackageIITM -
Chennai Kavigal
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Video-conferencing from OOPS/IITM
Communicating with the Communications Minister (Shri Thirunavakarasu)
The Agricultural Expert is no longer far away …
AfterBefore
In a Village in Madurai, the Lady’s Finger (Okra) crop
was turning white
The problem was sent to the
experts at the Department of
Rural Extension, Madurai
Agricultural College and
Research Centre who diagnosed it
as “Yellow Mosaic disease”
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Savings
The Farmer’s
Field
Saving to farmer - Rs 1.5 Lakhs
Cost of Information - tens of Rupees
The Vet is On The Net …
•This goat had a wound near its mouth and could not eat for a week
• The advice from the doctor cured its problem in 2 days
Emergencies are no longer Calamities …
In the village of T Pudupatti, all hens are dying one by one. The symptoms for these hens are: First, their weight reduces and finally, their necks shrink. At this stage they die immediately. Until now, 300 hens have died in this way. How do we stop this? Please give us a solution immediately. From A. Sakkarai"
… because Help is at Hand
A visit from the Government Veterinary Officials to vaccinate all hens
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Epidemics can be prevented with a Doctor on Call
A potential epidemic of Chicken Pox was halted by a simple email to the right people
Instant response from the Government Doctors
Ordinary People have a Voice …
This is Veeramani - a man with disabilities
His job was to operate the pump for the Village Overhead Tank
The Village Head removed from his job and gave the post to one of his relatives
Through the kiosk, he sent an email petition to the Chief Minister’s Cell, attaching a photograph of himself
Even the Chief Minister is not far away …
A letter came back from the CM’s Cell asking that he be reinstated
In response to the CM’s letter, the BDO sent instructions to the Village Head that he given back his job - permanently
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Eye Care
• An email is sent to the Aravind Eye Hospital with a photograph attached
• The patient is told that her problem was not serious and could wait for some time
• The Benefits?1) She saved a visit to the
hospital2) She knows she has to make
that visit after 2 months
Online Consultations
General Health – An Online Clinic with a Doctor
Talking to an Agricultural Expert
Video-conferencing (6 kiosks in conversation)
Bridging the Digital Divide – Computer Education for Rural Children
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Digital Studio – Low cost Photography
Photograph taken with a Web Camera
Photograph at Printing
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Can Kiosks become Micro-banks?
TeNeT and n-Logue working with ICICI Bank– Remote Bill Payment– Rural ATM– Micro-finance– Remittance
Credit and Product Marketing is one of the biggest requirement of Rural India
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Knowledge and Training
Another Driver of Rural Prosperity– Information Dissemination and Knowledge Enhancement
Need a Virtual University in every Districtto enable this
– Basic Structure would Consist of a Central Hub And Knowledge Extension Centres in every village
The Extension Centre
• Virtual Extension of the University
• Located in Every Village• Enhanced Village Internet
Kiosk equipped with•Computer(s)•Internet Connection•Web Camera and Multimedia
•Power backup•Local Language Software
• Run by a local person who is trained to facilitate the learning process
about 1000 such Extension Centres in Every District
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Sparse Area Communications -- where there is no fibre backbone?
Microwave or Satellite back-haul required– microwave link costs have come down
can be optimised further -- tower costs dominate
– satellite back-haul needs special design providing significant data-rate at each remote hub
Hub serves 50 to 100 villages in 15-25 Km radius– driving down the total cost to connect a village– villages in sparser areas have less available money
finance and buying/selling may make even larger sense
• 8-10 voice channels + 64/128 kbps Internet satellite backhaul
• Each hub supports 16 to 20 remote sites with 2 Mbps downlaod
• Rs10000 corDECT + Rs10000 backhaul cost per connection
PSTN
Internet
2.4 m antenna3.8 m antenna
15 -25 Kms with 50 connections
For inaccessible Rural Areas
2 M
bps
-->
128
Kbp
s --
>
<-- 256 Kbps
ISRO-IITM
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To Sum Up
Innovation requires unique understanding of market / need
– how market can multiply rather than grow incrementally
– Technological Innovation required to serve the need often disruptive technology
– delta addition can rarely make a significant difference