A LEADING CATALYST IN FACILITATING INDONESIA’S INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
Innovative Financing Scheme
to Accelerate the New Urban
Agenda’s Infrastructure
Development Targets
Darwin T. DjajawinataDirector of Project Development and Advisory
The 4th PlanoCosmo International Conference
Bandung, 2nd April 2018
PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (Persero)
Agenda
1
2
Opportunities in Urban Infrastructure Development
2
Role of PT SMI in Supporting Urban Infrastructure
Development
Central and
Regional Govt Budget
41%
SOE22%
Private37%
Opportunity for Infrastructure Financing in Indonesia
Indicative Infrastructure Investment Needs 2015-2019
Source: The National Medium Term Development Plan 2015-2019, National Development Planning Agency
Indicative Financing Alternatives
Central and
Regional
Govt Budget
SOE Private
1,978.6 1,066.2 1,751.5
Electricity, Road, and Port become the most prioritized sectors to be
built, the total requirement of funds until 2019 reaches Rp4,796
trillion ~ USD363 Billion
719 240
576 144 48 96
1,007
528 288
432 384
336 4,796
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
(Rp trillion)
(Rp trillion)
Opportunities for Investors
is about 59% (Private
sectors 37% and SOE 22%)
*1 USD ~ Rp13,200
3
State Budget Local Budget Municipal
Financing
Public Private
Partnership (PPP)
Infrastructure Financing Options and Criteria
“Economically feasible
but not Financially
feasible”
“Economically feasible
but not Financially
feasible”
“Economically feasible
but Financially
marginal”
“Economically feasible
but Financially
marginal”
So
urc
e o
f
Fu
nd
Op
tio
ns
Cri
teri
a
Central
Government
Local
Government
Local
Government
PT SMI (Persero)
Central
Government
Private Company
Pro
ject
Exam
ple
s • Local Road
• Irrigation
• Dam
• Housing
• Port
• Local Road
• Regional Public
Hospital
• Traditional Market
• Terminal
• Local Road
• Regional Public
Hospital
• Traditional Market
• Terminal
• Water Supply Umbulan
• Toll Road
• Palapa Ring
• Sidoarjo Public Hospital
• LRT Medan
Notes: Government also support local government to
issue Municipal Bond
4
Options to Accelerate Infrastructure
Development In Indonesia
Fiscal Support from Ministry of Finance (MoF)
to Attract More Private Participation through PPP
Souce: Bappenas 2017
Viability Gap
Fund (VGF)
Project
Development
Facility (PDF)
Government
Guarantee (Directly by MoF or
through IIGF)
Availability
Payment
Schemes (AP)
Financing from
PT SMI and
PT IIF
Those financial facilities are fiscal tools in supporting the execution of PPP projects, indicated by the signing
of financial close of the following PPP projects:
CJPPCentral Java
Power Plant
2x 1000 MW
UmbulanWater
Supply
Palapa
RingOptic-Fiber
Network Various Toll Roads
IIGF
Guarantee
AP
IIGF Guarantee
VGF
IIGF Guarantee
IIGF
Guarantee
These Support Has Made PPP is Happening as one of the option for the
Acceleration of Infrastructure Development in various sectors across Indonesia
5
Agenda
1
2
Opportunities in Urban Infrastructure Development
6
Role of PT SMI in Supporting Urban Infrastructure
Development
PT SMI as a Catalyst in Accelerating Infrastructure Development
Status
Duties
Vision
Mission
Year Established : 2009
Type : State-Owned Enterprise
Regulation : MoF Regulation No.
100/PMK.010.2009 on Infrastructure
Financing Companies
Business License : Non-Bank Financial Institutions (NBFI)
Supporting Government’s infrastructure development
agenda through partnerships with private and/or
multilateral financial institutions in PPP projects
Serve as catalyst in accelerating infrastructure
development in Indonesia
100% owned by the Government of Indonesia
To serve as catalyst in accelerating national infrastructure
development
1. To become a strategic partner that delivers value added
contributions to Indonesia’s infrastructure development
2. To develop flexible financing products
3. To offer service excellence backed with good corporate
governance
Ownership
7
Regional
Government
Infrastructure
Development
Fund
Raising
Fund Raising
Optimization
(leveraging) from capital
market, conventional &
sharia banking, bilateral
and multilateral
organization
To Support Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)
and Climate Change programs
Setting up a special division,
Green Climate Fund (GCF)
accreditation, ESMF guidelines,
renewable energy promotion
Optimization of Strategic
Partnership and Technical
Assistance from
bilateral/multilateral
organizations
Financing facility for
regional government to
accelerate
infrastructure
development
Innovative & Flexible
Financing Products
To close the gap; e.g. senior
loan, mezzanine,
shareholder’s loan and
equity investment
Enabler to accelerate
infrastructure development
Providing advisory services,
project development, capacity
building
PT SMI Has a Mandate to Become a Catalyst
to Support Infrastructure Development
8
• IMBT/ Lease with Option
to Own
• Murabahah/Installment
Sale with Deferred Pmt.
• MMQ/Diminishing
Partnership
• Musharakah/Joint
Partnership
• Indent Lease with option
to own*
• MMOB*
Capital Injection
from GOI
Capital Market
(Bonds, Notes,
Securitization)
Loans and Grants
BPJS, Sharia
Insurance
Sharia Capital
Market
Hajj & Syirkah
Funds
Sovereign Wealth
Fund
Our Business Model
Sectoral FocusSources of Funds
Co
nve
nti
on
al
Sh
ari
a
FINANCING &
INVESTMENT
Infrastructure
Financing
• Senior loan (Working
Capital, Investment
Loan)
• Junior Loan
• Mezzanine
• Equity investment
• Shareholder’s loan
• Arranger & Underwriter
• Standby Lender PPP
Public Sector
Advisory
Training & Capacity
Building
Investment Advisory
Financial
Advisory
Project Development
Facility (PDF)
PDF & Donor Fund
Management
TA & Donor Funds
Management
PPP Project
Renewable Energy Project
(Geothermal Exploration)
Municipal Projects
Technical Assistance
ADVISORY
SERVICESPROJECT
DEVELOPMENT
Donor Fund
Management
PT SMI Business Pillars
Electricity &
Energy Efficiency
Road and
Bridge
Transportation Telecommunication
Irrigation
Oil and
Gas
Waste Water &
Waste Management
Train Rolling
Stock
Water
SupplyRenewable
Energy
Regional
Infrastructure
Correctional
InfrastructureHospital
MarketTourism
Infrastructure
Social Infrastructure
Education
Infrastructure
9
Business Pillar #1 Business Pillar #2 Business Pillar #3
Municipal Financing
(PIP/RIDF)
Sharia Financing
IMBT= Ijarah Muntahia Bittamlik MMQ= Musyarakah Mutanaqisah * under development
MMOB= Mudharabah Muqayyadah on Balance Sheet
Various Financing and Investment Product of PT SMI
Financing and Investment Product Can be Applied
Both in Conventional and Sharia Principle
• Investment Loan
• Take-Out
Financing
• Promoter
Financing
• Working Capital
Loan
• Bridging Financing
20-30%
Equity
Equity
Subordinated Loan
Mezzanine
ConvertiblesQu
as
i-E
qu
ity
Long-Term
(> 5 years)
Short-term
(1-5 years)
Based on Project Financing Structure Based on Project Financing Tenor
Financing and
Investment Product
• Investment Loan
• Take-Out Financing
• Promoter Financing
• Subordinated Loan
• Mezzanine
• Equity Investment
Financing Product
• Working Capital Loan
• Bridging Financing
• Cash Deficiency
Support (CDS)
Pro
jec
t F
inan
cin
g S
tru
ctu
re
70-80%
Debt
10
Project Location Mix
Execution of Mandate as Catalyst of Infrastructure DevelopmentFinancing and Investment
Financing Sectors
Multiplier Effect
Long-term and
Flexible Scheme
Maturity Up to 25 Years
Grace Period Up to 15 Years
PT SMI’s Mandate
Long-term financing
Innovative Financing Product
Flexible Financing Scheme
Large Multiplier effect
Competitive interest rate
as of February 2018
Example: Toll Road Financing of
Palembang - Indralaya
11
Total Project Cost
IDR 421.8 Trillion
Multiplier Effect
6.1 times to Financing
Commitment
13.8 times to Paid-up
Capital
Toll Road44.57%
Electricity13.02%
PT PLN (Ex-PIP)12.06%
Transportation8.83%
Oil and Gas4.52%
Road3.91%
Social Infrastructure
3.70%
Telecommunication
3.07%
Rolling Stock2.78%
Irrigation2.25%
Water1.13%
Renewable Energy0.15%
Other6.30%
Jawa57.08%
Sumatera28.57%
Sulawesi7.59%
Kalimantan 2.73%
Bali Nusa Tenggara
2.11%
Papua Maluku1.92%
Financed Project CostCommitment and Outstanding
Diversification of Financing Activitiesas of February 2018
*Including loan to Local Government, IIF Subordination, and Equity Investment
in IDR billion
12
Commitment by Product Outstanding by Product
Investment
Loan
Working
Capital Loan
Subordinated
LoanBridge Loan
Equity
Investment
Promotor
Financing
Sharia
Financing
IDR35.4 Tr IDR14.7 Tr IDR6.5 Tr IDR4.1 Tr IDR3.9 Tr IDR1.7 Tr IDR1.0 Tr
Investment
Loan
Subordinated
LoanBridge Loan
Equity
Investment
Working
Capital Loan
Promotor
Financing
Sharia
Financing
IDR23.2 Tr IDR3.6 Tr IDR2.6 Tr IDR1.8 Tr IDR1.5 Tr IDR1.2 Tr IDR1.0 Tr
35.49935.873
30.442
17.157
4.2623.087
69.55367.874
44.896
23.004
5.5774.477
20172016201520142013 Feb-18
Commitment
Outstanding
50.084
95.754
197.938
421.855
77.824
Total
Project Cost
20162015up to 2014 Feb-18
257
2017
Investment Loan
52.46%
Working Capital Loan
21.79%
Subordinated Loan
9.69% Bridge Loan6.06%
Equity Investment
5.87%
Promotor Financing
2.63%
Sharia Financing
1.48%
Investment Loan
66.46%
Subordinated Loan
10.48%
Bridge Loan7.44%
Equity Investment
5.09%Working
Capital Loan4.29%
Promotor Financing
3.39%Sharia Financing
2.86%
RPJMN*(Perpres No.2
Year 2015)
National Priority
Projects(Permenko No.12
Year 2015)
National Strategic
Projects(Perpres No. 3 Year 2016)
List of Government Projects
1 2 3
Financed by PT SMI
Trans Sumatera Toll Road: Medan – Binjai,
Palembang – Indralaya, Bakauheni – Terbanggi
Besar
Pandaan – Malang Toll Road
Cinere – Jagorawi Toll Road
Bogor Ring Road Toll Road
Serpong – Balaraja Toll Road, West Java
Entikong Border Road, West Kalimantan
Manado – Bitung Toll Road
Road and Toll Road Irrigation and Dam
Jabung Irrigation, East Lampung
Rentang Irrigation, West Java
Tebing Tanggul - Tanggul Kritis Citarum
River
Lolak Dam, Bolaang Mongondow, North
Sulawesi
Paseloreng Dam, South Sulawesi
Logung Dam, Centre Java
Bajulmati Dam, East Java
Telecommunication
Palapa Ring Centre Package
Water
Umbulan Drinking Water
Supply System
TransportationPower
PLTU Kendari 3 - 2x50 MW
PLTU Sumsel - 1x300 MW
PLTU Kalteng 1 - 2x100
MW
PLTS Sumba Timur
PLTU Sumsel - 1x600 MW
PLT Biomass Merauke
Kulonprogo International Airport, Yogyakarta
Soekarno – Hatta Terminal 3 Ultimate Airport Development
LRT Palembang
LRT Jabodebek
Container Port Palaran, East Kalimantan
Total Commitment Total Project Cost
National Priority, National Strategic and RPJMN 2015-2019 Projects
Financed by PT SMIas of February 2018
IDR 28,6trillion IDR 148,3trillion
Trans Jawa Toll Road: Pejagan-
Pemalang, Semarang-Solo, Solo-Ngawi,
Ngawi-Kertosono
*National Medium Term Development Plan 13
The Uniqueness of PT SMI’s Financing and Investment ProductsCase Study: Long-Term Investment for Medan-Binjai Toll Road Project
Project Profile
Maturity 25 years (15-year grace period)
Notes
Average daily traffic for Trans Sumatera Toll segment is
relatively low compared to average daily traffic toll in Java,
hence the funding structure with long maturity is needed.
Project Structure
Investment
needed for
Medan-
Binjai Toll
Road
IDR 1.6
trillion
State capital injection to
PT Hutama Karya
IDR 1.1 trillion
Funding from
PT SMI
IDR 481 billion
Project Medan-Binjai Toll Road
Location North Sumatera
Project Value IDR 1.6 trillion
SMI Portion IDR 481 billion
Project Description
• Medan-Binjai Toll Road (16 km) is a Strategic National
Project according to Presidential Regulation No. 3/2016
dan National Priority Project according to Permenko
No.12/2015.
• This is a greenfield project with low traffic estimation.
14
Maturitya) Tranche A : 15 years (7-year grace period)
b) Tranche B : 25 years (15-year grace period)
Notes*) Tranche B is Standby Facility in the form of Cash
Deficiency Support
ProjectBakauheni-Terbanggi Besar
Toll Road
Location Lampung
Project Value IDR 16.8 trillion
SMI PortionIDR 7.5 trillion
(Cash Deficiency Support)
Project Description
Bakauheni-Terbanggi Besar Toll Road (±140,39 km in
length) which located in Lampung is part of Trans
Sumatera network that has strategic value for
transportation, human, and products and services
activities. This will help to reduce congestion along these
lines and shorten the travel time.
Project Profile
The Uniqueness of PT SMI’s Financing and Investment ProductsCase Study: Cash Deficiency Support (CDS) for Trans Sumatera Toll Road Project
Bakauheni-Terbanggi Besar Segment
Project Structure
Investment
Needed for
Bakauheni-
Terbanggi
Besar
Toll RoadIDR 16.8
trillion
State capital injection to
PT Hutama Karya
IDR 2.2 trillion
Facilities from
PT SMI
Tranche A
IDR 8.06 trillion
Tranche B*
IDR 7.52 trillion
*CDS is one of the innovative solutions to tackle low traffic volume during ramp-up period
Bonds
PT Hutama Karya
IDR 6.49 trillion
Bank Loan
15
Scope of
Business
Advisory Project Development
• Improving the quality of the investment
package of infrastructure projects
• Coordinating the required expertise in
project management (project management
office)
• Enhancing standards of project
governance and execution
• Managing communication and work
strategies between stakeholders
(stakeholder management)
• Helping the project owner in the
readiness of viable investment projects
• Providing consulting services to identify
opportunities and challenges of
infrastructure projects
• Providing services to help obtain or to
utilize investment funds
• Opening access to the project market
(investors, lenders, etc.)
Types of
Product
Project Development Facility (PDF)
National/
Priority
Regional/
Municipal
Renewables
EnergyFinancial
Advisory
Investment
Advisory
Capacity
Building
Public Sector Private Sector
Advisory and Project Development Business PillarsPlay as an "Enabler“ in Accelerating Infrastructure Development
16
PPP Project Status
Palapa
Ring
Ministry of
Communication
and Informatics
Construction
Water Supply System
UmbulanEast Java Province
City Transportation Medan City of Medan
Financial Closing
Assigned by Ministry of Finance, PT SMI Acts as the Enabler
in the PPP Project Preparation through PDF*
Water Supply System
Lampung
Contracting
AgencyProject Value
City of Bandar
Lampung
Government Support
Rp 2.05 Trillion(~USD 183.52 Million)
Rp 700 Billion(~USD 52.52 Million)
Rp 6.40 Trillion(~USD 479.51 Million)
• Govt Guarantee through IIGF
• Viability Gap Funding (VGF)
• Govt Guarantee through IIGF
• Viability Gap Funding (VGF)
• Potential Govt Guarantee
through IIGF
Construction
Arranging FBC
West ern
Package
Central Package
Eastern Package
Rp 1.28 Trillion(~USD 96.05 Million)
Rp 1.38 Trillion(~USD 103.55 Million)
Rp 5.09 Trillion(~USD 381.93 Million)
Sam Ratulangi
Teaching Hospital
Ministry of
Research and
Higher Education
MOF Principle ApprovalToll Road of Surabaya-
Madura Bridge
Ministry of Public
WorksRp 1.3 Trillion(~USD 1 00 Million)
Rp 387,23Billion(~USD29.01 Million)
• Potential Govt Guarantee
through IIGF
• Potential Govt Guarantee
through IIGFMOF Principle Approval
*Project Development Facility
Regional Public Hospital
SidoarjoSidoarjo District Rp 251,00Billion
(~USD19.02 Million)
• Potential Govt Guarantee
through IIGFFBC Drafting
Water Supply System
PekanbaruCity of Pekanbaru Rp 478,00Billion
(~USD36.21 Million)
• Potential Govt Guarantee
through IIGFFBC Drafting
1USD = IDR 13,20017
• Potential Viability Gap Funding (VGF)
• Potential Govt Guarantee through IIGF
ProjectLight Rail Transit
(LRT) Jabodebek
Location Jakarta Greater
Project
Cost
Rp 29,9 trillion
(~US$ 2.24 Billion)
Length 42,34 Km
Sustainable Urban Transport to Make Cities
More Sustainable and Competitive
ProjectLight Rail Transit
(LRT) Palembang
Location Palembang
Project
Cost
Rp 10,9 trillion
(~US$ 0.82 Billion)
Length 24,5 Km
ProjectMass Rapid Transit
(MRT) Jakarta
Location Jakarta
Project
Cost
Rp 22,6 trillion
(~US$ 1.7 Billion)
Length 23,3 Km
Social Cost from
Urban Transport
GHG Emissions
USD 2.9
billon/year
Indonesia is the 6th
Largest GHG
Emitter in the World
CO2
78 Millions
tons/year
Health Impact in
Jakarta due to Air
Pollution related to
Transport
USD 210
million/
year
Yearly loss in terms
of time value, fuel
consumption
USD 964
million
Average commuting
time in Jakarta
compared to Tokyo
2 X
Longer
Current Conditions Cities with Urban Transport Projects (Mitigation)
Greater Jakarta
Palembang City Medan City
ProjectLight Rail Transit
(LRT) Medan
Location Medan
Project
Cost
Rp 6,03 trillion
(~US$ 0.45 Billion)
Length 22,74 Km
Outcomes
Public transport
consumes 1/15 of the
Road Space of Cars
Economic benefits of
USD 4.06 billion
obtained by LRT
users over the past
50 years on
efficiency: travel
time, vehicle
operating costs, and
emission reduction
costs
Opens 52,145 new
workforce
opportunities for 50
years
Source: World Bank, LRT Jabodebek Feasibility Study 18
Project
Description
Project Type Light Rail Transit (LRT) and Bus Rapid
Transit (BRT) Medan City Development
Purposes This project is expected to be one of the
solutions to solve traffic jams and to
reduce the threat of gridlock in 2024 in
Medan City
Project Owner Mayor of Medan City
Modalities Public Private Partnership (PPP)
CAPEX
(Indicative)
Rp 6.03 billion (LRT)
Rp 413 billion (BRT)
Rp 6.44 billion (LRT+BRT) or
~USD 479.51 Million
Project Scheme Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT)
Concession
Period
35 years
Government
Support
• Transit Oriented Development (TOD)
• Government Guarantee
• Viability Gap Funding (VGF)
Progress Final Business Case “FBC”
Role of PT SMI PT SMI is assigned by Ministry of Finance
to help Government Contracting Agency
(GCA) to prepare the project
19
PPP Urban TransportationLight Rapid Transit (LRT) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Medan
Source: Bappenas, 2016 Kurs 1US$ = Rp 13.20019
Social & Economic Benefits
1. Transporting +116,000 passengers/day in 2019 and
+464,000 passengers/day by 2030.
2. Economic benefits of +USD 4.07 billion obtained by
LRT users within 50 years on efficiency: travel time,
vehicle operating costs, and emission reduction
costs.
3. Opens +52,145 direct and indirect full-time
employment opportunity within 50 years.
Innovative Financing Scheme in Infrastructure ProjectsLight Rail Transit Jabodebek
20
Project Location Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Bekasi (Java)
Construction &
COD
May 2015 & September 2019
Length 42,34 Km
Total Project Cost IDR 29,9 trillion (~USD 2.24 Billion)
Financing Structure Equity (30%) and Loan (70%)
Government
Support
Cash Fliow Gap Subsidy (USD 1.4 Billion) for
12 years & Credit Guarantee
Coordination
~Rp 19.2 trillion for 12y
Rp 19.2T trillion facility(Senior Loan Rp 18.1 trillion)
National Urban Transport Support Program for Indonesia
Core Principles
Ownership
Resources
1
2
Sustainability3
• Projects proposed and implemented by cities
• Adequate resources are to be allocated at national level
to provide strong technical support to cities
• Cities provide co-financing for capital costs and cover
potential operating subsidies
• Competitive Bidding
• Phased implementation. Cities with well prepared and
ready project proposals to move ahead quickly. Fine-
tuning of the program in phase 1.
• Leverage of private and commercial financing will be
required
Proposed by World Bank
Pillar 1
Enhanced Financing Mechanism for Mass Transit
Based on expansion of existing PPP Instruments of Viability Gap Funding (VGF), Availability Payment (AP) and Provision of additional grants.
Pillar 2
Support and Capacity Building to Cities
Technical Assistance, Assistance with obtaining Municipal resources such as bond, PPP Structuring, Capacity Building, monitoring and evaluaton.
For cities with over 1 million population
Institutional framework
Inter-Ministry Acceleration Team: CMMA, MoF, Bappenas, MoT, MoHA, MPWH
Technical Secretariat : Supported by Project Management, Evaluation and Capacity Building Consultant
Current Status
• Strengthen the concept of the
program, especially related to the
determination of the minimum
contribution of the city in
accordance with the borrowing
capacity in the region so that the
national program can be applied to
most cities in Indonesia.
• Discussions with relevant
institutions regarding program.
21
22
Blended Finance in National Urban Transport Program
(World Bank)
AIIBSoft Loan USD 100 million
Municipal
Government
SECOGrant USD 3 million
World BankSoft Loan USD 100 million
Municipal
Financing
Project
Development &
Consultation
Services
PT SMI’s Participation in Accelerating Regional
Infrastructure Development
23
Blended Finance in
Regional Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF)
24
A LEADING CATALYST IN FACILITATING INDONESIA’S INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
Thank You
PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (Persero)
Sahid Sudirman Center, Lantai 47-48
Jl. Jenderal Sudirman No. 86
Jakarta 10220, Indonesia
Tel: (62-21) 8082 5288 (hunting)
Fax: (62-21) 8082 5258
Website : www.ptsmi.co.id
Email : [email protected]
#BaktiuntukNegeri
@ptsmi ptsmi_id
PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (Persero)
Focus of Government in Urban Transport
Urban transport development to improve
interaction between mobility and land use
(cross departmental)
Mobility improvements for the public transport
system and the transport of goods
Congestion alleviation - reducing the level of
congestion and optimizing Transport Demand
Management (TDM) measures
Environment impact control, cutting the burden
of air and noise pollution, including global CO2
emissions
Urban safety and the improvement of all aspect
of traffic safety.
Five principal
government
strategies
(RPJMN 2015-2019)
26
Urban Transportation Project in RPJMN 2015-2019
• New Roads 2,650 Km
• Toll Roads 1,000 Km
• Road Maintenance 46,770 Km
• D e v e l o p m e n t o f 1 5 n e w
A i r p o r t s
• Purchasing of 20 turboprop
plane
• Development of Cargo Airport in
6 cities
• Development of 24 new Ports
• Purchasing of 20 Pioneer ships
• Purchasing of 2 Cattle Ships
• Purchasing of 500 units of
passenger ships
• Development of 3,258 km Railway in
Java, Sumatera, Sulawesi, and
Kalimantan
• Development of Mass Rapid Transit
in 6 Metropolitan Cities and 17 big
cities
• Development of Bus Rapid Transit in
29 Cities
• Increasing the Supply of Electricity
up to 35,000 MW
• Development of Floating storage
and regasification units (FSRU) in
5 Locations
• Development of New Oil Refinery
2 x 300,000 Barrels
• Development of 49 Water dam
and 33 hydropower plants
• Development of 1 Million Ha
Irrigation
Source: The National Medium Term Development Plan 2015-2019, National Development Planning Agency27
