Innovative Water Conservation Fixtures

1 AIA CES HSW LU

INNOVATIVE WATER CONSERVATION FIXTURE SYSTEMS

Welcome to “Innova.ve Water Conserva.on Fixture Systems” presented by Zurn. Comple.on of this course qualifies students for 1AIA CES HSW learning unit. At the conclusion of the course you must take a 10-‐ques.on quiz. Scores of 80% or higher receive credit. However, you may take the course as oOen as necessary to pass.

BEST PRACTICESZURN sponsors this course through The Continuing Architect, a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services should be addressed to Zurn at the conclusion of this presentation.

Zurn sponsors this course through The Con.nuing Architect, a Registered Provider with The American Ins.tute of Architects Con.nuing Educa.on Systems (AIA/CES). Credit earned on comple.on of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Cer.ficates of Comple.on for both AIA members and non-‐AIA members are available upon request.This program is registered with AIA/CES for con.nuing professional educa.on. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construc.on or any method or manner of handling, using, distribu.ng, or dealing in any material or product. Ques.ons related to specific materials, methods, and services should be addressed to Zurn at the conclusion of this presenta.on.

COPYRIGHTED MATERIALS

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© 2013, Zurn Industries, LLC

This presenta.on is protected by U.S. and Interna.onal copyright laws. Reproduc.on, distribu.on, display and use of the presenta.on without wriXen permission of ZURN is prohibited.

AT THE END OF THIS COURSE YOU WILL BE ABLE TO:

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Recognize the issues and need for water conservation awareness

• Evaluate water supply and consumption costs

• Discuss LEED standards and levels of certification and explain the application of the Water Efficiency Credits

• Specify water and energy saving fixture systems

By the end of this course you will be able:-‐ Recognize the issues and need for water conserva.on awareness-‐ Evaluate water supply and consump.on costs-‐ Discuss LEED standards and levels of cer.fica.on and explain the applica.on of the Water Efficiency Credits-‐ Specify water and energy saving fixture systems

INTRODUCTION

Water, it is everywhere. But, because water is everywhere, we tend to think of it as something limitless, an endless supply available for use whenever we wish.

INTRODUCTION

In fact, there is a fixed quan.ty of water cycling through the Earth's ecosystems. There is the same amount of water now as there was two billion years ago – water moves con.nuously through the water cycle, from a solid to a liquid, to a gas.

INTRODUCTION

All life depends on water. It's in the air we breathe, the food we eat, the beverages we drink, in the plants, animals and environment. We borrow water from nature, treat it, use it and treat it again before returning it the Earth's natural water cycle.

WATER ON EARTH

• 70-75% of the Earth's surface is covered with water

• 97% is salt water

• Desalination is costly and difficult

• 2% of water is glacial

Approximately 70-‐75% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water. 97% of this water is salt water. Removal of the salt from this body of water, to make it safe for human consump.on, is costly and difficult. Only 2% of this water is glacial.

WATER ON EARTH

Less than 1% of Earth's water is fit for human consumption

This water could be melted and used by humans, but the source is too far away from urbanized areas to make this op.on feasible. In fact, less than 1% of the water on earth is water we can use for human consump.on.

WATER ON EARTH

This water is used daily in our households and industry facili.es for drinking, sanita.on, hea.ng, cooling, transporta.on, and for agricultural purposes.

WATER EFFICIENCY IS:

• Using water more carefully

• A long-term initiative

• Conserves water for future generations

• Saves money

• Protects health

• Reduces impact on the environment

Water efficiency does not mean doing without. Instead, it's taking responsibility for the care of this finite resource, simply put, by using water more carefully in our homes, industries, and regional and municipal systems, the water will be there in the future, when and where we need it. Water efficiency is a long-‐term ini.a.ve. It not only conserves supplies for future genera.ons, it saves money, protects the health of humans and animals, and decreases the impact our infrastructures have on the environment.

WATER EFFICIENCY AWARENESS

• Understanding water supply and consumption issues

• Re-evaluation of how water is used

• Public education

• Infrastructure planning

• Efficiency and education are the least expensive sources of water supply management

INCLUDES:

Water efficiency awareness includes recognizing and understanding water supply and consump.on issues; re-‐evalua.ng how water is used; public educa.on; and, infrastructure planning to meet future challenges. Water use efficiency and educa.on are two of the least expensive sources of water supply management.

WATER EFFICIENCY AWARENESS

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN STRATEGIES MUST INCLUDE:• Encouraging consumers to

change the way they use water

• Identifying ways to save

• Providing access to products and programs which support their efforts

Sustainable design strategies must include encouraging consumers to change the way they use water, iden.fying ways to save, and providing access to products and programs which support their efforts.

WATER EFFICIENT FIXTURE SYSTEMS

• Reduce energy use

• Lower operating costs

• Without sacrificing comfort or performance

Low maintenance water fixture systems, engineered with water saving features, are an important contribu.on to the na.on's efforts to reduce indoor water use. Through the installa.on of innova.ve water fixture systems, today's homeowners, building owners and facili.es managers can reduce water consump.on, reduce energy use, and lower opera.ng costs, without sacrificing any water comfort and performance features.

WATER RESOURCES

SURFACE WATER

• Lakes

• Rivers

• Reservoirs

• Streams

GROUND WATER

• Sand

• Gravel

• Crevices

• Aquifers

Every drop of water that comes from a tap for human consump.on has usually traveled a long way and has come from either surface water or groundwater. Surface water, easily visible, includes water located in lakes, rivers, reservoirs, and streams. Groundwater is the water that saturates the sand, gravel and crevices in rocks. It is found in the aquifers (underground layers of porous rock) that are saturated from above or from structures sloping toward it. Groundwater is a vital, hidden resource. Aquifers are major sources of drinking and irriga.on water.

WATERSHEDS

An area that drains to a common waterway, such as a stream, lake, aquifer, wetland or ocean

Watersheds and groundwater are interconnected. They can feed each other and contaminate each other.

A watershed is an area that drains to a common waterway, such as a stream, lake, aquifer, wetland, or finally the ocean. Watershed management is a cri.cal element of protec.ng our water quality and quan.ty. The watershed (surface water) and groundwater are interconnected, not only do they feed each other but they can also contaminate each other.

WATERSHEDS

Watershed Partnerships are created to define boundaries and to manage all natural resources within the area

Each state is responsible for designa.ng use and developing water quality standards for both surface water and groundwater. Since watersheds may cross state lines, Watershed Partnerships are created, to define boundaries and manage all natural resources within the area.

WATER SUPPLY

Lower water levels result in higher concentrations of contaminants

POINT SOURCES

• Sewage treatment plants

• Livestock facilities

• Landfills

• Industrial plants

Water efficiency has become a na.onal priority since diminishing reservoirs and groundwater aquifers pose a threat to our environment and human health. Lower water levels in these water sources result in higher concentra.ons of contaminants. Contaminant sources can be divided into two categories. Point sources include sewage treatment plants, livestock facili.es, landfills, and industrial plants.

WATER SUPPLY


POINT SOURCES



• Landfills


NON-POINT SOURCES

• Small business

• Forestry

• Lawn care

Non-‐point sources include small businesses such as dry-‐cleaners and restaurants, forestry, lawn care...

WATER SUPPLY


POINT SOURCES



• Landfills


NON-POINT SOURCES

• Small business

• Forestry

• Lawn care

• Snow dumping

• Septic systems

• Household runoff

snow dumping, sep.c systems and general household runoff.

WATER SUPPLY

36 states anticipate water shortages even under non-drought conditions

The U.S. Environmental Protec.on Agency (EPA – www.epa.gov) reports that a recent government survey showed at least 36 states are an.cipa.ng local, regional or statewide water shortages, even under non-‐drought condi.ons. An increased amount of groundwater is being withdrawn at a faster rate to meet the demands of our growing popula.on. The demands on our water and wastewater infrastructure systems across our country are being challenged, not only by popula.on growth but by aging mechanisms and parts. Water efficiency strategies will extend the life span of our infrastructure systems by reducing the stress demand we are now placing on them, thus saving water, energy and money.

WATER USE

The amount of fresh water consumed for world energy production is on track to double within the next 25 years

The water we use personally for drinking, bathing, and general use is obvious, but water is also a component of every product and service that we buy. Water is required to produce food and products consumed by society. It is instrumental in industrial and manufacturing processes and landscaping and irriga.on systems. Public u.li.es and private residen.al u.li.es require water usage as well. The Interna.onal Energy Agency (IEA) projects that the amount of fresh water consumed for world energy produc.on is on track to double within the next 25 years. Water use varies depending on geographic loca.on, season and overall climate condi.ons.

WATER DEMAND

From 1950 to 2000 the population increased nearly 90%

Demand for water increased by 209%

Americans use an average of 100 gallons of water per day

The popula.on of the U.S. is increasing. The EPA says the popula.on between 1950 and 2000 increased by nearly 90%. In that same .me period, the demand for water increased 209%. Americans can use an average of 100 gallons of water per day, enough to fill 1,600 glasses.

WATER DEMAND

From Na.onal and State level to small community and individual, literally hundreds of programs have been put in place to encourage water-‐efficient prac.ces. The next step is to determine how the water is being used, where the largest amounts are being used, in what loca.on and in what type of semng.

WAYS TO SAVE • Appoint a water efficiency expert

• Educate and involve employees

• Install and/or retrofit water conservation fixture systems

• Maintain and update water cooling systems

• Prevent leaks

• Detect and repair leaks

• Handle waste in a dry state

• Replace old appliances with high efficiency equipment

• Plant water efficient landscapes

• Water lawns less

Water savings in the commercial sector can be achieved in several ways. A few ways to achieve the savings are: appoin.ng a water-‐efficient expert to oversee and coordinate a water savings ini.a.ve, educa.ng and involving employees on the benefits of water efficiency; installing and retrofimng water conserva.on fixture systems which meet today's water efficient performance standards; maintaining and upda.ng water cooling equipment; preven.ng leaks if possible; detec.ng and repairing leaks as soon as they start; handling waste materials in a dry state if possible; replacing old appliances with high efficiency equipment, and plan.ng water efficient landscaping and irriga.on systems; and watering our lawns less.

COMMERCIAL BUILDING WATER CONSUMPTION

• Toilets

• Urinals

• Sinks

• Showers

RESTROOMS

• Dishwashing

• Laundry

SERVICES

Water efficiency measures can reduce usage 30% or more

Water efficient fixture systems help save millions of gallons per day

In buildings such as offices, schools, and healthcare facili.es, the largest amount of consumed potable water is consumed in restrooms, due to usage of toilets, urinals, sinks, showers and in services such as dishwashing and laundry. In some cases, 40% of the total water consumed is in restrooms alone. According to some es.mates, water efficiency measures in commercial buildings can easily reduce water usage by 30% or more. Many ci.es across the U.S. are saving millions of gallons of water per day by using less potable water to accomplish sanitary tasks through the use of water efficient fixture systems.

WHAT IS LEED?

• Voluntary, consensus-based, market-driven program

• Provides third-party verification of green buildings

• For individual homes and buildings

• Also, for entire neighborhoods and communities

• Comprehensive and flexible

• Addresses the entire life-cycle of a building

LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design or LEED is a voluntary, consensus-‐based, market-‐driven program that provides third-‐party verifica.on of green buildings. From individual buildings and homes, to en.re neighborhoods and communi.es, LEED is transforming the way built environments are designed, constructed, and operated. Comprehensive and flexible, LEED addresses the en.re lifecycle of a building.

WHAT IS LEED?

• Demonstrates leadership, innovation, environmental stewardship and social responsibility

• Provides tools to impact building performance and the bottom line

• Creates healthier indoor spaces

• 135 countries / 50% outside the U.S.

• Regional solutions, but recognizing local realities

LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

Par.cipa.on in the voluntary LEED process demonstrates leadership, innova.on, environmental stewardship and social responsibility. LEED provides building owners and operators the tools they need to immediately impact their building’s performance and boXom line, while providing healthy indoor spaces for building occupants. LEED projects have been successfully established in 135 countries. Interna.onal projects, those outside the United States, make up more than 50% total LEED-‐registered square footage. LEED unites us in a single global community and provides regional solu.ons, while recognizing local reali.es.

WHAT IS LEED?

• Commercial buildings and neighborhoods

- Minimum of 40 out of 110 possible points

• Homes

- Minimum of 45 out of 136 possible points

POINT REQUIREMENTS FOR LEED CERTIFICATION

For commercial buildings and neighborhoods a project must sa.sfy all LEED prerequisites and earn a minimum of 40 points on a 110-‐point LEED ra.ng system scale. Homes must earn a minimum of 45 points on a 136-‐point scale.

LEED CATEGORIES

• Sustainable sites credits encourage strategies that minimize the impact on ecosystems and water resources.

• Water efficiency credits promote smarter use of water, inside and out, to reduce potable water consumption.

• Energy and atmosphere credits promote better building energy performance through innovative strategies.

2009 LEED FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND MAJOR RENOVATIONS

2009 LEED for New Construc.on and Major Renova.ons awards base points in the following five major categories• Sustainable sites credits to encourage strategies that minimize the impact on ecosystems and water resources.

• Water efficiency credits to promote smarter use of water, inside and out, to reduce potable water consump.on.

• Energy & atmosphere credits to promote beXer building energy performance through innova.ve strategies.

LEED CATEGORIES

• Sustainable sites credits encourage strategies that minimize the impact on ecosystems and water resources.

• Water efficiency credits promote smarter use of water, inside and out, to reduce potable water consumption.

• Energy and atmosphere credits promote better building energy performance through innovative strategies.

• Materials and resources credits encourage using sustainable building materials and reducing waste.

• Indoor environmental quality credits promote better indoor air quality and access to daylight and views.

2009 LEED FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND MAJOR RENOVATIONS

• Materials & resources credits to encourage using sustainable building materials and reducing waste.

and

• Indoor environmental quality credits to promote beXer indoor air quality and access to daylight and views.

LEED CATEGORIES

ADDITIONAL LEED FOR NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT CREDIT CATEGORIES

• Location and linkage credits encourage construction on previously developed or infill sites and promotes walkable neighborhoods with access to efficient transportation options and open space.

• Neighborhood pattern and design credits emphasize compact, walkable, vibrant, mixed-use neighborhoods with good connections to nearby communities.

• Green infrastructure and buildings credits reduce the environmental consequences of the construction and operation of buildings and infrastructure.

There are addi.onal LEED for Neighborhood Development credit categories

• Smart loca.on and linkage credits to promote walkable neighborhoods with efficient transporta.on op.ons and open space.

• Neighborhood paXern and design credits to emphasize compact, walkable, vibrant, mixed-‐use neighborhoods with good connec.ons to nearby communi.es.

and

• Green infrastructure and buildings credits to reduce the environmental consequences of the construc.on and opera.on of buildings and infrastructure.

WEp1 (Required) Reduce aggregate water consumption by 20% from the baseline. (Refer to http://www.usgbc.org/node/1734960?return=/credits/new-construction/v4-draft)

Behind the intent Use of potable water – water that has been treated to a quality appropriate for human consumption – in buildings constitutes a large portion of freshwater consumption. Indoor water use in the U.S. is affected by a federal standard for certain plumbing fittings and fixtures, and by the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC). This prerequisite requires projects to use less potable water than would be allowed by the federal standard and the UPC.

Note: Credit explanation is for New Construction

INDOOR WATER USE REDUCTION (V4 DRAFT)

LEED is con.nuously evolving and improving. The next update to the ra.ng systems (LEED v4) will open up LEED to a wider range of building types and manufacturing industries. It will advance environmental footprint issues, like climate change, and encourage op.miza.on of energy and water use.

What follows is version 4 draO for Indoor Water Use Reduc.on

The prerequisite for credits in this category is WEp1 -‐ Reduce aggregate water consump.on by 20% from the baseline. Refer to hXp://www.usgbc.org/node/1734960?return=/credits/new-‐construc.on/v4-‐draO.

Behind the intent

Use of potable water – water that has been treated to a quality appropriate for human consump.on – in buildings cons.tutes a large por.on of freshwater consump.on. Indoor water use in the U.S. is affected by a federal standard for certain plumbing fimngs and fixtures, and by the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC). This prerequisite requires projects to use less potable water than would be allowed by the federal standard and the UPC.

INDOOR WATER USE REDUCTION (V4 DRAFT)Reducing potable water use will result in a number of benefits to the project and to the environment.

• Conserving potable water use reduces the energy and chemicals that must be used to treat water to potable quality.

• Conservation also reduces the energy that must be expended to distribute treated water to consumers.

• Potable water conservation can allow Public Water Systems (PWS) to delay expenditures to expand water treatment capacity.

• Displacing potable water for certain purposes that do not entail human contact or consumption may lead to more sustainable management of community water resources, while decreasing building operating cost.


Reducing potable water use will result in a number of benefits to the project and to the environment.


• Conserva.on also reduces the energy that must be expended to distribute treated water to consumers.

• Potable water conserva.on can allow Public Water Systems (PWS) to delay expenditures to expand water treatment capacity.

• Displacing potable water for certain purposes that do not entail human contact or consump.on may lead to more sustainable management of community water resources, while decreasing building opera.ng cost.

Strategies to reduce potable water use in buildings will entail the selection of plumbing fittings and fixtures, and water-using equipment that use less water than conventional fittings and fixtures, or the use of alternative water sources. Performance of lower flow fittings, fixtures, and equipment will be an important consideration, because unsatisfactory operation may encourage building owners and occupants to replace conserving devices with higher flow units.



Strategies to reduce potable water use in buildings will entail the selec.on of plumbing fimngs and fixtures, and water-‐using equipment that use less water than conven.onal fimngs and fixtures, or the use of alterna.ve water sources. Performance of lower flow fimngs, fixtures, and equipment will be an important considera.on, because unsa.sfactory opera.on may encourage building owners and occupants to replace conserving devices with higher flow units.

WEc2 (Possible 6 points) Further reduce fixture and fitting water use from the calculated baseline in WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction. Additional potable water savings can be earned above the prerequisite level using alternative water sources. Include fixtures and fittings necessary to meet the needs of the occupants. Some of these fittings and fixtures may be outside the tenant space (for Commercial Interiors) or project boundary (for New Construction). Refer to http://www.usgbc.org/node/2611414?return=/credits/new-construction/v4-draft. Note: Credit explanation is for New Construction


WEc2 provides an opportunity to earn up to six possible LEED points as follows:

Further reduce fixture and fimng water use from the calculated baseline in WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduc.on. Addi.onal potable water savings can be earned above the prerequisite level using alterna.ve water sources. Include fixtures and fimngs necessary to meet the needs of the occupants. Some of these fimngs and fixtures may be outside the tenant space (for Commercial Interiors) or project boundary (for New Construc.on). Refer to hXp://www.usgbc.org/node/2611414?return=/credits/new-‐construc.on/v4-‐draO.

Behind the intent Use of potable water – water that has been treated to a quality appropriate for human consumption – in buildings constitutes a large portion of freshwater consumption. Indoor water use in the U.S. is affected by a federal standard for certain plumbing fittings and fixtures, and by the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC). This prerequisite requires projects to use less potable water than would be allowed by the federal standard and the UPC. Note: Credit explanation is for New Construction


Behind the intent

Use of potable water – water that has been treated to a quality appropriate for human consump.on – in buildings cons.tutes a large por.on of freshwater consump.on. Indoor water use in the U.S. is affected by a federal standard for certain plumbing fimngs and fixtures, and by the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC). This prerequisite requires projects to use less potable water than would be allowed by the federal standard and the UPC.




• Conservation also reduces the energy that must be expended to distribute treated water to consumers.

• Potable water conservation can allow Public Water Systems (PWS) to delay expenditures to expand water treatment capacity.

• Displacing potable water for certain purposes that do not entail human contact or consumption may lead to more sustainable management of community water resources, while decreasing building operating cost.




• Conserva.on also reduces the energy that must be expended to distribute treated water to consumers.

• Potable water conserva.on can allow Public Water Systems (PWS) to delay expenditures to expand water treatment capacity.

• Displacing potable water for certain purposes that do not entail human contact or consump.on may lead to more sustainable management of community water resources, while decreasing building opera.ng cost.



Strategies to reduce potable water use in buildings will entail the selection of plumbing fittings and fixtures, and water-using equipment that use less water than conventional fittings and fixtures, or the use of alternative water sources. Performance of lower flow fittings, fixtures, and equipment will be an important consideration, because unsatisfactory operation may encourage building owners and occupants to replace conserving devices with higher flow units.



ENERGY POLICY ACT (EPAct)

The U.S. Energy Policy Act of 1992, was designed to save water through normal fixture replacements. EPAct sets the na.onal standard and requires that all fixtures manufactured in the U.S. restrict maximum flow rates, as iden.fied in this chart. Many manufacturers can deliver innova.ve products and solu.ons which perform beXer than the na.onal standard.

BASELINE CALCULATIONS USING EPAct

Baseline calcula.ons, as referenced in the requirements to achieve LEED Water Efficiency Credits, assume that all fixtures in the building are performing according to EPAct na.onal standards. Using tools such as water usage calculators, the design team can compare the efficiency of water fixture systems and specify the right system for a project. Projected water use covers the water use of an en.re building, not just specific areas. It is this amount that is compared to the baseline calcula.on. Typical water efficiency calcula.ons are offered aOer the next sec.on of the course which presents water and energy saving fixture systems.

FLUSHOMETER TOILETS

• EPAct baseline is 1.6 gpf

• Toilets consume most water in commercial buildings (1.2 billion gallons/day*)

• High efficiency toilets (HETs - flushometer or two-piece) use 1.28 gpf or less (20% less than baseline)

• Hands-free, sensor-operated HETs are available

• Combine with antimicrobial seats and fixtures for enhanced hygiene

*EPAct, 1992

EPAct established a baseline of 1.6 gallons per flush for water closets. Toilet flushing alone accounts for most of the water consump.on in commercial building applica.ons, consuming approximately 1.2 billion gallons per day. Today's marketplace offers new fixtures which offer beXer performance features than the na.onal standard requires. A high efficiency toilet (HET) is any water closet system (flushometer or two piece toilet) that uses 1.28 gpf or less (20% less than the baseline). Hands-‐free sensor-‐operated HET flush valve bowl combina.ons are available. This technology combined with an.microbial seats and fixtures improves overall hygiene in public, high-‐use applica.ons.

BARIATRIC BOWLS

Bariatric bowls are a specialty fixture used in healthcare applica.ons to handle higher load ra.ngs.

DUAL-FLUSHOMETER TOILETS

Dual-‐flush toilets use different amounts of water to flush evacuate solid and liquid waste. A user can select a full standard flush, 1.6 gpf for solid waste removal, or a water saving flush, 1.0 gpf, for liquid waste removal. The flush op.on is chosen through the flush ac.on of the handle. No special tools are required to install the dual ac.on. Push down to evacuate solid waste or pull up to flush liquid waste for a 30% water saving.

PRESSURE ASSIST TOILETS

Many tank type HETs in today's market are pressure-‐assist toilets. In appearance they are very similar to gravity toilets, however, inside the tank is a pressure vessel assembly. The inner tank is completely sealed. When water is fed from the supply line, the air in the tank is compressed. When the toilet is flushed, the water is pushed or forced out via compressed air.

DUAL FLUSH, PRESSURE-ASSIST TOILETS

• 1.0 gpf saves 40% of water than 1.6 gpf toilets

• Quiet operation

• Select accurate, consistent flush volumes

• No leaks between flushes

• Dedicated tank and bowl, engineered for optimal performance

• Larger surface areas stay cleaner

• Larger trap ways permit removal of all waste from bowl

The water conserving, 1.0 gallon per flush or dual flush toilet can save 40% more water than the 1.6 gallon per flush unit.Pressure-‐assist technology provides users with a quiet flush and allows them to select accurate, consistent flush volumes with no leaks between flushes. The dedicated tank and bowl, engineered for op.mal performance, with large water surface areas keep the bowl cleaner and large trap ways permit the removal of all waste from the bowl.

URINALS

• Standard 1.0 gpf

• High efficiency 0.5 gpf or less

• Ultra low consumption 1/8 (0.125) gpf or 1.0 ppf (pint per flush)

- Reduce water and sewer costs

- 88% savings over baseline

- Conserve 30,000 gallons/year/urinal

Standard urinals use 1.0 gpf. High efficiency urinals (HEUs) use 0.5 gpf or less, 50% less than the baseline calcula.on.Ultra low consump.on water saving urinal systems are now available that use just 1/8 of a gallon per flush or 1 pint per flush. This ultra water saving system provides an alterna.ve to standard urinals which use too much water and waterless urinals which use no water but have a narrow range of applica.ons. These low consump.on one pint systems can reduce water and sewer costs providing an 88% water savings compared to the 1.0 gpf unit, and they conserve 30,000 gallons of water per year, per urinal.

ULTRA LOW CONSUMPTION WATER SAVING

• 0.125 gpf

• User and maintenance-friendly

• Provide a sanitary environment

• Pass ASME A112.19.2-2003 urinal performance tests

• Easy to retrofit

• Available in several sizes

• Manual or sensor operated via battery or hard-wired

Ultra low consump.on urinal systems flush .125 gallons per flush. These urinals are user and maintenance friendly, provide a sanitary environment, pass ASME A112.19.2-‐2003 urinal performance tests, and are easy to retrofit. They are available in several sizes with either manual or sensor operators. Sensor systems are available in baXery or hard wired power op.ons.

WATERLESS URINALS

• Do not employ a valved water supply

• Two types – non-cartridge and cartridge

• Used for new and retrofit construction

• Offer safe, sanitary, hands-free operation

• Eliminates need for water supply piping

• Cartridges must be replaced often

Waterless urinals use a fixture or receptacle just like a standard urinal but do not employ a valved water supply. There are two basic types of waterless urinals: non-‐ cartridge type and cartridge type. These urinals can be used in new construc.on and for retrofits and offer a safe, sanitary and hands-‐free environment for the user. These units use no water except for intermiXent cleaning and maintenance. Water supply piping is not required. Non-‐ cartridge type and cartridge type waterless urinals are installed and used in the same manner. Required maintenance and maintenance costs are dras.cally different between the two types. Cartridge type waterless urinals must have their cartridges replaced frequently while non-‐ cartridge type waterless urinals simply have the trap sealant added or poured into the trap way. Because of the frequent cartridge replacement, careful considera.on must be used when considering if any cost savings will be aXained with cartridge type dry urinals.

SENSOR FLUSH VALVE

• High quality, user-friendly, hands-free operation

• Increased hygiene

• Low maintenance

• ADA-compliant

• Reduced housekeeping

• Eliminate odors

Sensor flush valves offer high quality sensor opera.on and user detec.on, while maximizing fixture performance and restroom sanita.on. They provide user-‐friendly, hands-‐ free opera.on for increased hygiene. Sensor flush valves are low maintenance and baXeries can be changed without shumng off the water supply. Also, sensor flush valves are ADA-‐compliant and reduce the need for restroom housekeeping by automa.c flushing which helps eliminate odors.

SENSOR FAUCETS

• Easily exceed the EPAct limit of 2.5 gpm (gallons per minute)

• Hands-free automatic hand washing

Sensor faucets in today's marketplace can easily exceed the EPAct limit of 2.5 gallons per minute. Their use reduces water consump.on and provides hands-‐free automa.c hand washing.

• Easily exceed the EPAct limit of 2.5 gpm (gallons per minute)

• Hands-free automatic hand washing

• Multiple power supply options

- Self-generating

- Battery

- Plug-in (with battery back-up)

- Hardwire (with battery back-up)

• Factory set or adjustable sensor ranges

• Automatic :30 second time out

• Thermostatic mixing valve or user controlled

• Vandal-resistant aerators

SENSOR FAUCETS

Sensor faucets can have different power supply op.ons: self-‐genera.ng, standard baXery, plug-‐in (with baXery back-‐up), and hardwire (with baXery back-‐up). Choice of power supply will depend upon the applica.on, and the size and use of the facility. Depending upon the applica.on sensor faucets may have factory set or adjustable sensor ranges; automa.c 30 second .me out; a thermosta.c mixing valve or user controlled temperature mixing valves; and, vandal resistant aerators.

SENSOR FAUCETS

• Self-sustaining system for approximately 10 years

• Employs an internal turbine to generate electricity

• Energy is stored in a rechargeable cell

• Battery maintains charge up to 90 days without faucet activation

HYDRO GENERATOR

If a compa.ble sensor faucet is used, one power supply op.on is to use a hydro generator. The hydro generator provides a self-‐sustaining system for approximately 10 years. Water can be routed through a hydro generator and past an internal turbine. While the turbine spins, electrical energy is converted and stored in a rechargeable cell. The rechargeable baXery will maintain its charge for up to 90 days without faucet ac.va.on. The electricity generated by the hydro generator greatly reduces the need for cell replacement.

METERING FAUCETS

• Can reduce water usage by 50%

• Flow rates as low as 0.5 gpm

• Adjustable cycle times from :10 - :30 seconds

• Automatic shut-off eliminates need to touch faucet after washing

Metering faucets can reduce water usage by 50%. With flow rates as low as 0.5 gpm and an adjustable cycle .me from 10 -‐30 seconds both water and energy are conserved. The 10 second metering cycle is ideal for high traffic, vandalism prone washroom applica.ons. Automa.c shut-‐off eliminates the users' need to touch the faucet aOer washing, offering a safe, sanitary environment.Metering faucets are available in a wide range of body, spout and hot/cold mixing configura.ons to meet the most demanding restroom applica.ons.

MANUAL FAUCETS / LOW FLOW AERATORS

• Manual faucets with pressure compensating aerators maintain water pressure while reducing water usage

• A 0.5 gpm aerator can reduce water usage by 80%

• Optional foot pedals have metering ability

Manual faucets equipped with pressure compensa.ng aerators maintain water pressure for washing while reducing the water flow rate, by mixing air into the water stream. Use of a 0.5 gpm aerator can reduce water usage by 80%. Manual faucets have op.onal foot pedal controls, having metering abili.es, and are low maintenance.

FAUCET OUTLETS

• Every faucet, especially restrooms, should include a low-flow aerator

• Various flow ranges and spray patterns are available, down to 0.35 gpm

Replacing faucet outlets is a simple, easy, and cost effec.ve way to save water. Modern faucets have threads inside/outside the spout end of the faucet to be paired with the appropriate aerator for applica.on. Every faucet, especially restroom applica.ons, should be equipped with a low flow aerator. The only excep.on would be in commercial food service keXle filling applica.ons. Various flow ranges and spray paXerns are available down to 0.35 gallons per minute.

SHOWERHEADS

• EPAct requires showerheads to have a maximum flow rate of 2.5 gpm

• Low-flow showerheads have flow rates of 1.25 - 1.75 gpm

• Adjustable settings

• Flow compensators keep pressure consistent

• Easy installation

• Self-cleaning, no maintenance

• Non-aerating spray

EPAct requires showerheads, and other shower fimngs, to have a maximum flow rate of 2.5 gpm. Low-‐flow, water saving showerheads have flow-‐rates of 1.25 to 1.75 gallons per minute. They conserve water, save money and do not sacrifice pressure or performance. In fact, they are adjustable, from a gentle spray to a forceful jet, and non-‐removable flow compensators which keeps flow rate consistent regardless of water pressure. Other features include easy installa.on, self-‐cleaning, no maintenance, and the non-‐aera.ng spray means less temperature loss with maximum energy savings.

PRE-RINSE DISHWASHING HANDLE

• Standard units are equipped with 2 - 6 gpm washers

• High-performance jet spray washers use 1.24 gpm at 60 psi

Commercial jet spray washers, used for pre-‐rinsing, offer vigorous spray paXerns and savings in water, energy, and sewer costs. Standard units are equipped with 2 to 6 gallons per minute washers. High performance units use 1.24 gallons per minute at 60 psi.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ANSI/ASME A112.19.9, Hydraulic Performance Requirements for Water Closets and Urinals

Ink Test - This test determines that the water flushes all interior surfaces of the bowl and is performed on the inside wall of the water closet bowl or urinal. A felt tip marker is used to draw a line on the inside wall of the bowl or urinal. After flushing the remaining ink line is measured. The total length of the ink line cannot exceed 1 inch and no segment can exceed 1/2 inch in length.

ANSI/ASME A112.19.9, Hydraulic Performance Requirements for Water Closets and Urinals, includes laboratory tests for waste removal and water consump.on. Some commonly known flushing performance tests include:

Ink Test -‐ This test determines that the water flushes all interior surfaces of the bowl and is performed on the inside wall of the water closet bowl or urinal. A felt .p marker is used to draw a line on the inside wall of the bowl or urinal. AOer flushing the remaining ink line is measured. The total length of the ink line cannot exceed 1 inch and no segment can exceed 1/2 inch in length.



Dye Test - This test determines the evacuation of urine from the trap seal and is performed only on urinals with an integral trap. Colored dye is added to the water to evaluate the water exchange rate in the trap. The concentration of the dye is determined before and after flushing. The dilution ratio of 100 to 1 must be obtained for each flush.

Dye Test -‐ This test determines the evacua.on of urine from the trap seal and is performed only on urinals with an integral trap. Colored dye is added to the water to evaluate the water exchange rate in the trap. The concentra.on of the dye is determined before and aOer flushing. The dilu.on ra.o of 100 to 1 must be obtained for each flush.



Water Consumption Test - This test determines that the water closet meets the federal mandate of 1.6 gpf. Urinals must meet the 1.0 gpf requirement.

Trap Seal Restoration Test - This test determines that the water closet refills the bowl after each flush. The remaining trap seal must be a minimum 2 inches in depth.

Water Consump.on Test -‐ This test determines that the water closet meets the federal mandate of 1.6 gpf. Urinals must meet the 1.0 gpf requirement.

Trap Seal Restora.on Test -‐ This test determines that the water closet refills the bowl aOer each flush. The remaining trap seal must be a minimum 2 inches in depth.



Ball Removal Test - The ball test utilizes 100 polypropylene balls that are 3/4 inch in diameter. A water closet must flush an average of 75 balls on the initial flush of 3 different flushes. A urinal with an integral trap must be capable of passing a 3/4 inch diameter ball.

Other Tests Include:Water Rinse, Rim Top and Seat Fouling, Back Pressure, Granule, Drain Line Carry, and Bulk Media

Ball Removal Test -‐ The ball test u.lizes 100 polypropylene balls that are 3/4 inch in diameter. A water closet must flush an average of 75 balls on the ini.al flush of 3 different flushes. A urinal with an integral trap must be capable of passing a 3/4 inch diameter ball.

Other tests include the water rise test, rim top and seat fouling test, back pressure test, granule test, drain line carry test, and bulk media test.

MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE (MaP™) TESTING

• Began in 2003 to test toilets under realistic circumstances

• Uses soybean paste test media

• 80 models tested in first report

• September 2012 report tested 2,800 toilet models

• MaP testing addresses a single issue - ability to remove solids in a single flush

Water fixture systems are tested by different pari.es and facili.es for different reasons: code and regula.on requirements; proprietary tests by manufacturers; and, consumer interest group tes.ng. The Maximum Performance (MaP™) tes.ng began in 2003 to test toilet models under realis.c circumstances. Water and plumbing efficiency specialists in the U.S. and Canada used soybean paste as a test media, to resemble "real world demand" upon plumbing fixtures and tested 80 models in the first report. The latest report, September 2012, tested 2800 different toilet fixture models. MaP™ tes.ng addresses only a single issue: the ability of a toilet to remove solids in a single flush.

WATER USAGE CALCULATOR

With the use of a water usage calculator, a design team can compare the efficiency of water fixture systems and specify the right system for a project. Projected water use covers the water use of an en.re building, not just specific areas. It is this amount that is compared to the baseline calcula.on.

WATER USAGE CALCULATOR

Water usage calculators are oOen spreadsheet files and the user simply has to input data into specific boxes. If a par.cular box is non-‐applicable to your building, the box should be filled in with a zero.There are no set criteria for determining daily use or dura.on of use of fixtures. Architects can es.mate these items based on the projects program requirements.

WATER AND COST SAVINGS ANALYSIS:

1/8 gallon per flush urinals can save $165 and over 23,000 gallons of water compared to one gallon per flush urinal

TYPICAL WATER CONSERVATION

The following provides an illustra.ve example of a typical office building semng with 100 occupants – 50 males and 50 females in a 260-‐day work year. The baseline calcula.on uses the EPAct, 1992, for gpf or gpm consump.on. The use of low flow fixtures may reduce water usage by 36%.


By conver.ng to low flow, high efficiency toilets and urinals, this example shows that a savings of about 36% in water consump.on can be achieved compared to the EPct 1992 Standard. Conver.ng to low flow shower heads and faucet aerators, the savings are close to 59% in water consump.on brining the overall building average savings to nearly 53% in total water use reduc.on.


The use of low flow faucets and shower may reduce water usage by 58%.

COURSE SUMMARY

• Water efficiency does not mean "doing without"

• Water efficiency is a long term initiative

• Water efficiency is using water more carefully

• Water efficiency:

- Conserves supply for future generations

- Saves money

- Protects health

- Decreases impact of infrastructures on the environment

Water efficiency does not mean doing without. It is a long term ini.a.ve, and by using water more carefully today, we conserve supplies for future genera.ons, save money, protect the health of humans and animals, and decrease the impact infrastructures have on the environment.

COURSE SUMMARY

• Installing innovative water fixture systems can:

- Reduce water consumption

- Reduce energy use

- Lower operating costs

- Maintain comfort and performance features

• Restrooms and services use the most water

• Restrooms can account for up to 40% of water used

Through the installa.on of innova.ve water fixture systems, today's homeowners, building owners and facility managers can reduce water consump.on, reduce energy use, and lower opera.ng costs, without sacrificing any water comfort and performance features. In buildings such as offices, schools, and healthcare facili.es, the largest amount of consumed potable water is consumed in restrooms due to usage of toilets, urinals, sinks, showers and services such as dishwashing and laundry. In some cases, 40% of the total water consumed is in the restrooms alone.

COURSE SUMMARY

• 2009 LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations awards up to 10 points in the Water Efficiency Category (WE)

• Water conservation fixture systems contribute to credits WE 3.1 and WE 3.2

The LEED Ra.ng Systems represent USGBC’s efforts to provide a na.onal standard for what cons.tutes as "green building". The 2009 LEED for New Construc.on and Major Renova.ons awards up to 10 points in the Water Efficiency Category (WE). Water conserva.on fixture systems contribute to credits WE 3.1 and WE 3.2.

COURSE SUMMARY

• Baseline calculations assume all fixtures perform according to EPAct, 1992

• Water efficient fixtures save water and money

• Fixture systems and components can be designed to meet demands of existing or new construction

• Fixtures can contribute to LEED certification

Baseline calcula.ons assume that all fixtures in the building are performing according to EPAct, 1992, na.onal standards. Using tools such as a water usage calculators, the water efficiency of water fixture systems can be compared. Projected water use covers the water use of an en.re building, not just specific areas. Water efficient fixture systems with innova.ve sensor and flush valve technology provide today's consumers with many op.ons to save both water and money. Fixture systems and their components can be custom designed to meet the demands of exis.ng or new projects. Products such as 1/8 gallon ultra flow urinals, high efficient pressure-‐assist toilets, and 1.28 low consump.on flush valve fixtures can contribute to LEED building cer.fica.on.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

• Sensor technology:

- Improves hygiene

- Reduces housekeeping costs

- Eliminates excessive use of toilet paper and paper towels

- Reduces replacement costs due to limited direct contact with fixtures

Sensor washroom technology reduces the spread of bacteria in a hands-‐free, sanitary environment.

Time and costs spent on housekeeping of the restroom are reduced since users have no need to touch the faucets, resul.ng in less water consump.on and soapy water accumula.ng in sink areas. Toilets and urinals stay cleaner longer because waste is automa.cally removed immediately following aOer each use.

Excessive use of toilet paper and paper towels is eliminated. Users no longer use paper products to wipe down fixtures and the extra paper is not leO to liXer the facility or clog a drain.

Maintenance, including replacement of components, is reduced because everyday wear and tear of the facility is lessened as a result of users having minimal direct physical contact with the fixtures. This provides for posi.ve LCA.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

• Zurn – Information on innovative water conservation fixture systems and applicable LEED credits. www.zurn.com (accessed on 06/21/2013)

• Energy Policy Act – Information about the Act and baseline water use calculations http://water.epa.gov/ (accessed on 06/21/2013)

• USGBC – Information about green building and LEED certification. www.usgbc.org (accessed on 06/21/2013)

• American Water Works Association – Information and news about water efficiency. www.awwa.org (accessed on 06/21/2013)

• U.S. Department of Energy – Information about water efficiency technologies. http://www.eere.energy.gov (accessed on 06/21/2013

• National Geographic – Information on water demand for energy. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2013/01/130130-water-demand-for-energy-to-double-by-2035/. (accessed on 6/26/2013)

1 AIA CES HSW LU

INNOVATIVE WATER CONSERVATION FIXTURE SYSTEMS

This concludes the course. You should now take the 10-question quiz.

Questions?

eMail: [email protected]: 1.800.997.3876www.Zurn.com

This concludes the course. To receive credit you must take the 10-‐ques.on quiz. Scores of 80% or higher receive credit. But remember, you may take the course as oOen as required to pass. Thank you for your interest. If you have any ques.ons related to the content of this course, please feel free to contact Zurn via email at zurn dash [email protected] or by phone toll-‐free at 1.800.997.3876. Or visit us online today at www.Zurn.com

COURSE EVALUATION

In order to maintain high-quality learning experiences, please access the evaluation for this course by logging into CES Discovery and clicking on the Course Evaluation link on the left side of the page.

Thank you.

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Innovative Water Conservation Fixtures

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