Date post: | 30-Jun-2015 |
Category: |
Education |
Upload: | damarisescobar1911 |
View: | 1,094 times |
Download: | 4 times |
Input, Interaction, Foreigner and Teacher Talk
Damaris Escobar
June, 2012
REPUBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA EXPERIMENTAL LIBERTADOR
INSTITUTO PEDAGÓGICO DE CARACASDepartamento de idiomas modernos
Cátedra de lingüísticaLinguistics seminar
Teacher: Mirna quintero
Content
Input and interaction in second language
acquistion
Teacher Talk
Foreigner Talk
Input
• Stephen Krashen took a very strong position on the importance
of input, asserting that comprehensible input is all that is
necessary for second-language acquisition.
• Krashen pointed to studies showing that the length of time a
person stays in a foreign country is closely linked with his level
of language acquisition.
• Further evidence for input comes from studies on reading:
large amounts of free voluntary reading have a significant
positive effect on learners' vocabulary, grammar, and writing.
Interaction • According to Long's interaction hypothesis the conditions for
acquisition are especially good when interacting in the
second language.
• Conditions are good when a breakdown in communication
occurs and learners must negotiate for meaning.
• The modifications to speech arising from interactions like
this help make input more comprehensible, provide feedback
to the learner, and push learners to modify their speech.
Teacher Talk
It is the language used by teachers while addressing
their students. Heath (1982) also shows
that among teachers, caregiver talk carries into the mainstream
classroom.
• Modifications/simplifications in vocab, syntax and discourse
to accommodate learners’ proficiency level and to increase
comprehension.
• Shorter utterances, degree of subordination tends to be
lower, more declaratives and statements than questions,
more self-repetitions, grammatical well-formedness.
Teacher Talk Features
• Teachers tend to talk more in class with louder and more
distinct speech. Teachers are likely to take longer pauses
in speaking.
• Special teaching strategies such as repeating one's own
questions, repeating and expanding learners' answers
(recasts), as well as prompting answers (Gaies, 1977)
Teacher Talk Features
Teacher Talk Features • Metatalk. L2 teacher talk focused on L2 learning, which is
intimately linked with L2 language classroom, can also be
called metatalk (Faerch, 1985).
• Use of non-verbal support of the meanings that teachers
are communicating by means of gestures and visual aids
• Some teachers tend to use code-switching between L1 &
L2
Teacher Talk
• As learning context varies according to different L2 learning
situations, L2 teacher talk also varies in the degree to which
teachers focus on form or on meaning (Johnson, 1995).
• Teacher talk is supposed not only to provide the learners
with simplified L2 input, to help them understand L2 input,
but also, simultaneously, to manage L2 classroom learning
process (Majer & Majer, 1996).
Foreigner Talk The language used by native speakers while addressing non-native
speakers
• The feature which is most characteristic in foreigner talk, as
well as in caregiver talk, is its focus on communication with a
less proficient and less experienced language user (Snow &
Ferguson, 1977).
• Such a focus results in NS simplification at all language levels:
phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics, in the slower
pace of speech, as well as in modifications of discourse
structure. Syntactic and semantic simplification may also
entail elaboration if, for example, a given vocab item is
paraphrased (Wesche, 1994).
Forigner Talk Features
• Although simplifications and adjustments to Non Native
Speakers level of comprehensibility have been discovered in
numerous studies, their amount, range and type vary and
depend on NSs' experience in communicating with NNSs,
their attitude towards NNSs, and their motivation to engage
in successful communicative exchanges (Wesche, 1994)
Forigner Talk Features
Bibliography
•http://chrisallenthomas.wetpaint.com/page/Teacher+Talk+vs.+Foreigner+Talk+%26+Caregiver+Talk
•http://teslcanadajournal.ca/index.php/tesl/article/viewFile/504/335
THANKS
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION