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Insane in the Membrane!

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Insane in the Membrane!. Borders?. All Cells are surrounded by a thin, flexible barrier known as the CELL MEMBRANE Many other cells produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane called the CELL WALL. Cell Membrane. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Insane in the Insane in the Membrane! Membrane!
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Page 1: Insane in the Membrane!

Insane in the Insane in the Membrane!Membrane!

Page 2: Insane in the Membrane!

Borders?Borders? All Cells are surrounded by a thin, All Cells are surrounded by a thin,

flexible barrier known as the CELL flexible barrier known as the CELL MEMBRANEMEMBRANE

Many other cells produce a strong Many other cells produce a strong supporting layer around the supporting layer around the membrane called the CELL WALLmembrane called the CELL WALL

Page 3: Insane in the Membrane!

Cell MembraneCell Membrane The main function of the cell The main function of the cell

membrane is to regulate what enters membrane is to regulate what enters and leaves the cell and also provides and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support for the cell.protection and support for the cell.

Page 4: Insane in the Membrane!

Do not be fooled!Do not be fooled! Even though many cell membranes Even though many cell membranes

look like one thin sheetlook like one thin sheet Nearly all membranes are created by Nearly all membranes are created by

a double layered sheet called a a double layered sheet called a LIPIDLIPID BILAYERBILAYER

Page 5: Insane in the Membrane!

Why Lipids? Why not?Why Lipids? Why not? The two layers of lipids allow for a The two layers of lipids allow for a

flexible structure that forms a strong flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and it’s barrier between the cell and it’s surroundingssurroundings

Lipids are hydrophobic so these Lipids are hydrophobic so these create a waterproof lining to the cell create a waterproof lining to the cell as wellas well

Page 6: Insane in the Membrane!

Cell WallsCell Walls Found in Plant CellsFound in Plant Cells

Main function of the cell wall is to provide Main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection for the cell.support and protection for the cell.

Most cell walls are made from Most cell walls are made from carbohydrates and proteins. carbohydrates and proteins.

Cellulose is a common cell wall componentCellulose is a common cell wall component

Page 7: Insane in the Membrane!

Wait one minute?Wait one minute? There are also proteins embedded in There are also proteins embedded in

the bilayer to allow certain items to the bilayer to allow certain items to enter the cell enter the cell

These only enter if they are small These only enter if they are small enough to fit thoughenough to fit though

Page 8: Insane in the Membrane!

Semi-Permeable MembraneSemi-Permeable Membrane Semi-permeable means that certain Semi-permeable means that certain

items can pass through the items can pass through the membrane but only items that are membrane but only items that are small enough to fit through the small enough to fit through the “Gaps”“Gaps”

Page 9: Insane in the Membrane!
Page 10: Insane in the Membrane!

DiffusionDiffusion In a solution and in gaseous form In a solution and in gaseous form

particles move at randomparticles move at random Particles move from areas of high Particles move from areas of high

concentration to areas of low concentration to areas of low concentration.concentration.

NO ENERGY REQUIRED NO ENERGY REQUIRED Only requirement is called a Only requirement is called a

CONCENTRATION GRADIENTCONCENTRATION GRADIENT

Page 11: Insane in the Membrane!

Diffusion is all about concentrationDiffusion is all about concentration Molecules will move naturally from Molecules will move naturally from

an area of higher concentration to an an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without area of lower concentration without the aid of energy.the aid of energy.

Page 12: Insane in the Membrane!
Page 13: Insane in the Membrane!

How long will this last?How long will this last? Diffusion will continue to occur until Diffusion will continue to occur until

there is no longer a concentration there is no longer a concentration gradient for the particles to move gradient for the particles to move along.along.

This point is called EQUILLIBRIUM This point is called EQUILLIBRIUM and is where concentrations are now and is where concentrations are now equal on each side of the membraneequal on each side of the membrane

Page 14: Insane in the Membrane!

Lets take a short quiz!Lets take a short quiz! Take out a sheet of paper and share Take out a sheet of paper and share

it with a friend. it with a friend. Name Name 10-21-201010-21-2010 Period_____Period_____

Page 15: Insane in the Membrane!

1. This organelle stores water, 1. This organelle stores water, carbohydrates, salts and other cell carbohydrates, salts and other cell materialsmaterials

2. This organelle creates lipids and 2. This organelle creates lipids and proteins in its inner membranesproteins in its inner membranes

3 and 4…Complete the statement3 and 4…Complete the statement Particles will move at random from Particles will move at random from

__3___ concentration to ____4___ __3___ concentration to ____4___ concentrationconcentration

5. Diffusion will continue until this 5. Diffusion will continue until this point is reachedpoint is reached

Page 16: Insane in the Membrane!

Every living cell exists in a liquid Every living cell exists in a liquid environment that it needs to surviveenvironment that it needs to survive

One of the most important functions One of the most important functions of the cell membrane is to regulate of the cell membrane is to regulate the movement of dissolved the movement of dissolved molecules from one side of the molecules from one side of the membrane to the other.membrane to the other.

Page 17: Insane in the Membrane!
Page 18: Insane in the Membrane!

Diffusion activityDiffusion activity Aerosol SprayAerosol Spray Fart MoleculesFart Molecules PerfumePerfume CookiesCookies Etc…Etc…

Page 19: Insane in the Membrane!

Movement of Movement of Water=OsmosisWater=Osmosis

The diffusion of water The diffusion of water through a selectively through a selectively permeable membranepermeable membrane

Water (A very small molecule) passes Water (A very small molecule) passes easily across most membranes even easily across most membranes even though many solutes cannot.though many solutes cannot.

Page 20: Insane in the Membrane!

WaterWater Water is the solvent of life. Water is the solvent of life. Water tries to dissolve anything that Water tries to dissolve anything that

can be dissolved and will move to can be dissolved and will move to areas where it can be of service.areas where it can be of service.

Page 21: Insane in the Membrane!

I’ll have a Tonic and WaterI’ll have a Tonic and Water Tonic is Latin for “Strength”Tonic is Latin for “Strength” Three types of solutions we’ll be Three types of solutions we’ll be

talking abouttalking about HypertonicHypertonic More strong solution More strong solution Hypotonic Hypotonic Less strong solution Less strong solution Isotonic Isotonic Same strength solution Same strength solution

Page 22: Insane in the Membrane!
Page 23: Insane in the Membrane!

Solutions around the cellSolutions around the cell A Hypertonic solutionA Hypertonic solution

Has more solute than a solution it is being Has more solute than a solution it is being compared to. compared to.

Cell has less “Stuff” to dissolve than the Cell has less “Stuff” to dissolve than the solutionsolution

In this situation water will move out of In this situation water will move out of the cell and into the area of higher the cell and into the area of higher concentration and the cell will shrivel.concentration and the cell will shrivel.

Page 24: Insane in the Membrane!
Page 25: Insane in the Membrane!

SolutionsSolutions An Isotonic solutionAn Isotonic solution

Has the same amount of solute as the Has the same amount of solute as the solution it is being compared tosolution it is being compared to

When this happens the water moves When this happens the water moves freely into and out of the cell with no freely into and out of the cell with no change to the cell.change to the cell.

Page 26: Insane in the Membrane!
Page 27: Insane in the Membrane!

SolutionsSolutions A Hypotonic solutionA Hypotonic solution

Has less solute than the solution it is being Has less solute than the solution it is being compared to.compared to.

Cell has more “Stuff” to be dissolved than the Cell has more “Stuff” to be dissolved than the solution.solution.

When this happens water will rush into When this happens water will rush into the cell to dissolve the solute and the cell to dissolve the solute and increase the mass of the cell. increase the mass of the cell. Sometimes too muchSometimes too much

Page 28: Insane in the Membrane!
Page 29: Insane in the Membrane!

Hypotonic solutionsHypotonic solutions Most animal and plant cells are filled Most animal and plant cells are filled

with salts, and proteins.with salts, and proteins. Because of this these cells are prone Because of this these cells are prone

to bursting when placed in a to bursting when placed in a hypotonic solution.hypotonic solution.

Trench foot?Trench foot?

Page 30: Insane in the Membrane!

Quickwrite 10-22Quickwrite 10-22 HypertonicHypertonic HypotonicHypotonic IsotonicIsotonic

Describe how a cell placed in these Describe how a cell placed in these solutions will reactsolutions will react

Page 31: Insane in the Membrane!

ReviewReview Diffusion- Diffusion-

Movement of particles “Down” a Movement of particles “Down” a concentration gradient through semi-concentration gradient through semi-permeable membranespermeable membranes

No Energy RequiredNo Energy Required

Page 32: Insane in the Membrane!

ReviewReview Osmosis-Osmosis-

Movement of water across a selectively Movement of water across a selectively permeable membranepermeable membrane

Water moves from areas of low Water moves from areas of low concentration of solute to areas of high concentration of solute to areas of high concentration of soluteconcentration of solute

Water is the solvent of lifeWater is the solvent of life Hypertonic, Hypotonic, IsotonicHypertonic, Hypotonic, Isotonic

Page 33: Insane in the Membrane!

Types of TransportTypes of Transport There are two types of cell transport:There are two types of cell transport:

Passive transport – no energy required, Passive transport – no energy required, molecules move molecules move downdown the concentration the concentration gradientgradient

Active transport – requires energy from Active transport – requires energy from the cell because molecules move the cell because molecules move againstagainst the concentration gradient the concentration gradient

Page 34: Insane in the Membrane!

Passive TransportPassive TransportTypes of Passive Transport:Types of Passive Transport:

DiffusionDiffusion OsmosisOsmosis Facilitated DiffusionFacilitated Diffusion

Page 35: Insane in the Membrane!

Factors which affect the rate of Factors which affect the rate of diffusion:diffusion: TemperatureTemperature Size of solute particlesSize of solute particles Concentration of solventConcentration of solvent

Page 36: Insane in the Membrane!

Types of Active Transport:Types of Active Transport: Protein pumpsProtein pumps EndocytosisEndocytosis ExocytosisExocytosis

Page 37: Insane in the Membrane!

Protein PumpsProtein Pumps Some of the Proteins in the cell Some of the Proteins in the cell

membrane use energy to actively membrane use energy to actively “Pump” particles across the membrane “Pump” particles across the membrane

Low concentration to High Low concentration to High concentration!!!concentration!!!

Uses energy to do this!Uses energy to do this!

Page 38: Insane in the Membrane!
Page 39: Insane in the Membrane!

Transport using membrane Transport using membrane vesiclesvesicles

Endocytosis – cell brings Endocytosis – cell brings inin large large moleculesmolecules

Exocytosis – cell lets Exocytosis – cell lets outout large large moleculesmolecules

Page 40: Insane in the Membrane!

EndocytosisEndocytosis

Page 41: Insane in the Membrane!

EndocytosisEndocytosisOutside of cellOutside of cell

Inside of cell

Page 42: Insane in the Membrane!

EndocytosisEndocytosisOutside of cellOutside of cell

Inside of cell

Membrane vesicle

Page 43: Insane in the Membrane!

ExocytosisExocytosis

Page 44: Insane in the Membrane!

ExocytosisExocytosisOutside of cellOutside of cell

Inside of cell

Page 45: Insane in the Membrane!

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