Date post: | 15-Jul-2015 |
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Science |
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Pests of Vegetable crops
1. Brinjal
2. Tomato
3. Cabbage
4. Chilli
5. Okra
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Pests of brinjal
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1. Shoot and fruit borer
2. Leaf roller
3. Epilachna beetle
4. Aphids
5. Mealy bug
6. White fly
7. Thrips
Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer
Entomological name: Leucinodes orbonalis
Family: Pyralidae
Order: Lepidoptera
Insect Characteristics
Destructive stage: Larvae/ Caterpillar
Mouth part: Biting and chewing
Description:
Colour
Size
Preference
Location
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Dull white
Light pink
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Mature Larvae
15-18 mm long
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Adult moth is white with a pink or bluish tinge
Brownish markings on its wings
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Damage/ Symptoms
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Creamy-white eggs are laid singly or in groups on the undersides of
the leaves, on stems, flower buds, or the base of the fruit
The newly hatched larva prefers to bore directly into the fruit
When feeding is complete pupation occurs on stems, dried shoots, or
among fallen leaves
Multiple overlapping generations occur in warm climates
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Brinjal Leaf Roller
Entomological name: Eublemma olivacea
Family: Noctuidae
Order: Lepidoptera
Insect Characteristics
Destructive stage: Larvae/ Caterpillar
Mouth part: Biting and chewing
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Purple - brown with many cream-colored hollow bumps and long
hairs on the back and sides
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The adult is an olive green moth that is active at night
A female lays eggs in batches of 8 – 22 on the ventral surface of leaves
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Damage/ Symptoms
Inspect the young leaves for signs of silken webbing and rolled leaves
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Young leaves are rolled lengthwise
Rolled leaves are brown and eventually dry
In heavy infestations entire portions of plants appear brown and
leaf drop occurs
The caterpillar feeds for about 4 weeks and then pupates inside
the rolled leaf
In favorable climates there may be three to four generations
each year
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Entomological name:
Epilachna duodecastigma (12-spotted)
Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (28-spotted)
Family: Coccineliidae
Order: Coleoptera
Spotted beetles
Insect Characteristics
Destructive stage: Grub and Adult
Mouth part: Biting and chewing
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Branched spines
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Entomological Name: Amrasca biguttula
Family: Jassidae
Order: Hemiptera (Homoptera)
Jassids/ Leaf hopper
Insect Characteristics
Destructive stage: Nymph and Adults
Mouth part: Piercing-sucking
24Adults and immatures are readily found on the undersides of leaves
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These pests infest the lower surface of the leaves
Commonly, if disturbed, they move very rapidly sideways and often hop
They are usually less than 13 mm long, with slender, tapered bodies of various
colors and legs with rows of sharp spines.
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Infested leaves curl upwards along the margins
Outer leaf areas appear yellowish or burned
Leaves are extremely small and
Show a mosaic pattern of yellowing
Fruit-set may be very low
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Insects’ nervous behavior makes them difficult to catch
In warm climates, multiple generations occur
Heavy infestations can cause yield reductions and total loss of crops
Some species transmit little-leaf disease and mosaic virus
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Thrips
Entomological name: Scirtothrips dorsalis
Family: Thripidae
Order: Thysanoptera
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Insect characteristics
Modified piercing-sucking mouthparts
These insects are silver-shaped and very small, about the size of a
flea, and just visible to the naked eye
The young are either yellow or white
Adults are darker with two brownish strips down their backs
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Damage is most obvious on the underside of the lower leaves,
where areas appear brownish and dried up
In severe cases, the entire leaf dries up
Similar damage is seen along the mid-vein on the upper leaf
surface
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First look at the upper surface of the lower leaves. Along the mid-
vein notice the damage on either side
This is where you should see these tiny insects
Turn the leaf over and carefully look at the sections with healthy
tissue that border areas of brown or damage tissue
If you focus well, you will notice the tiny insects moving
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Adults lay their eggs within leaf tissues and the young hatch after
several days
Adults are excitable and fly off if disturbed
Pupation occurs in the soil usually at the base of the plant
Identification of species should be made by a trained taxonomist
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Whitefly
E.N: Bemisia tabaci
F: Aleurodidae
O: Hemiptera
The affected leaves show yellowish clumpy spots
In case of numerous insects, several clumpy spots coalesce together and the leaves
along with green midribs turn yellow
The nymphs during feeding secrete sticky honey like substance that cover-up the
upper parts of the leaves and flowers
The plants become stunted
The insect does more harm by disseminating diseases than does by feeding
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Mealy bug
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Aphids
Entomological name: Apis gossipi
Nymphs and adults suck the sap from the leaves
The affected plants turn yellow, get deformed and dry away
Aphids also secrete honeydew on which sooty mould grows,
which hampers the photosynthetic activity.
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