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Inside the Earth
What are we walking on?
Earth Layers • The Earth is divided into
four main layers.
*__________*__________*_________*_________
____________________* The Earth’s crust is
like the skin of an______________. It is very thin compared to the other three layers.
• *The crust makes up ______________of the Earth.
* The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called______________.
_______________
The crust is only about 3-5 miles (8 kilometers)
thick under the oceans(________________cru
st) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents
(__________________ crust).
The Crust• Outer layer
• 5-100 km thick
• 2 types of crust
– Oceanic(very______, made of basalt)
– Continental (less dense, made of_______________)
Granite/_______ Basalt/__________
_
___________________• The mantle is the
layer _____________ the crust.
• The mantle is the _________________ layer of the Earth.
• The mantle is divided into two regions: the upper and lower sections.
____________________* The core of the
Earth is like a ball of very______________.
* The outer core is________________.
* The outer core is made up of __________and is very dense.
Inner Core* The inner core of
the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move.
* The inner core is a solid.
Earth’s Layers
• How are the earth’s layers similar to an egg?
• Shell=____________
• Egg white=________
• Yolk=____________
Physical Structure of the Earth
• _________________________- rigid outer layer (crust)
• __________________________- solid rock that flows slowly (like hot asphalt)
_______________• The lithosphere (geosphere) is the
“_________" part of Earth. It has ___________parts, the crust and the___________________________.
• The lithosphere “_________________ on the” asthenosphere.
• The ____________________are the lithosphere.
• It is the rocky, solid portion of the crust. Remember that it is made up of mostly _______________( Si) and Oxygen (O).
_____________________
• This is the layer below the lithosphere. This layer is “__________________________”.
• It is somewhat solid/liquid.
• You can say that it is___________________.
• Very important in terms of_________________________________.
_________________________• Earth’s crust is broken into about
____________pieces
• These plates move on top of the __________________________________
Plate Tectonics
Plate Boundaries
Plate Tectonics• In____________, scientist were able to use
________________ ___________and sea-floor spreading to come up with the idea of ______________ _____________________.
• Plate tectonics is the ________________that the Earth’s ______________and the _______________mantle are __________________into sections called__________________.
Plate Tectonics
• With this ____________________scientists concluded that _________________move around on the_______________– like mantle.
• How? • The lithosphere is __________dense than
the_______________________, so the lithosphere “ ________________” on the asthenosphere.
• Plate tectonics is caused by the internal heat of the Earth• ____________________________is the upper levels of the
mantle that are hot and _______enough to permit a plastic flow.• ______________heat causes convection flows in asthenosphere • Molten material from asthenosphere wells up at oceanic rifts,
producing seafloor spreading, and is returned to the asthenosphere in _______________________ ______________.
• As one end of a plate is subducted back into the________________, it helps to pull the rest of the plate along
Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics
• So what does this mean?• This means that _________________can
move around and have the _________________to collide, move_______________ from each other.
• This is what creates_____________________, mountains, and_____________________.
Types Of Plate Boundaries On Earth
• There are three types of plate boundaries:• __________________________________• ___________________________________• ___________________________________
__________________Boundaries
• The Great Rift Valley in ___________________is a good example of a _______________________boundary, the valley is formed because 2 ____________________plates are moving _________________ from each other.
______________________Boundaries
• Just like the word says, ___________boundary means that the plates are moving ______from each other. This is the kind of boundary that we talk about with sea-floor spreading.
• Example the__________________ Plate is moving away from the _______________ American plate.
• What does this mean for the Atlantic ocean?
______________Boundaries Examples
• Sea-Floor Spreading would be a good example of a __________________boundary.
• _________________ is growing everyday, because it ______________in the middle of a divergent boundary- the mid-________________ ridge.
__________________Boundaries
• ____________________boundaries occur when 2 plates are__________________.
• There are________ types of convergent boundaries:– _______________________________________– _______________________________________– _______________________________________
Ocean-Continental
• When the ____________________ crust collides with ______________________crust
Ocean- Continental• Because __________________ crust is lighter
than ______________________crust, oceanic crust will create a __________________zone.
• Meaning the oceanic crust will _______________underneath the continental crust.
• This often creates deep ocean trenches and ___________________mountains like the _________________mountains in Peru and the ______________________ in _________________________________.
____________-_________________
• When_____________ oceanic plates collide, the _______________ plate will subduct under the ______________dense plate.
Ocean-Ocean Boundaries
• Again, a deep sea __________________is formed, and _______________magma to rise and form new _________________ mountains.
• The islands of _____________were formed this way.
• Trenches are formed as well, example the ____________________Trench( Pacific Plate converging with the Philippine plate).
_______________-_____________
• When ___________ continental plates collide. Since both plates are_____________ dense than the material in the asthenosphere, _______ ______________________occurs.
Continental-Continental
• So the_______________ plates meet and _____________________ up; forming_________________________.
• Like the __________________mountains in India.
• They were formed when ________________slammed into the __________________plate.
How The Himalayans Were Born.
• Movement Of _______________and
Sri Lanka_________________.
Slams into theEurasian Plate
Himalayans
• These_______plates are Still colliding.
________________Fault Boundary
• This occurs when ________________plates are ________________past each other.
• They slide in ___________________ directions or in the______________ direction.
• Example: The ______________________in Ca.• The ____________________American Plate is
sliding past the __________________plate.